Three Essays on the Political Economy of Fiscal Decentralization PDF Download
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Author: Alfa Farah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Alfa Farah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Yaakov Khazanov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Author: Ed Gareth Poole
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Jean-Pierre Tranchant
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Author: James Manor
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Nearly all countries worldwide are now experimenting with decentralization. Their motivation are diverse. Many countries are decentralizing because they believe this can help stimulate economic growth or reduce rural poverty, goals central government interventions have failed to achieve. Some countries see it as a way to strengthen civil society and deepen democracy. Some perceive it as a way to off-load expensive responsibilities onto lower level governments. Thus, decentralization is seen as a solution to many different kinds of problems. This report examines the origins and implications decentralization from a political economy perspective, with a focus on its promise and limitations. It explores why countries have often chosen not to decentralize, even when evidence suggests that doing so would be in the interests of the government. It seeks to explain why since the early 1980s many countries have undertaken some form of decentralization. This report also evaluates the evidence to understand where decentralization has considerable promise and where it does not. It identifies conditions needed for decentralization to succeed. It identifies the ways in which decentralization can promote rural development. And it names the goals which decentralization will probably not help achieve.
Author: Anastasiia Faikina
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Economic development relies on political institutions and policies set by governments. This dissertation studies policies aimed at improving the functioning of three core state institutions: elections, bureaucracy, and local governments. Chapter 1 studies the impacts of broadcast election video monitoring on voting in Russia. I use a regression discontinuity design based on the size of polling stations in the presidential election to estimate causal effects. I find that video monitoring reduced reported voter turnout and votes for the incumbent, suggesting a decrease in fraud. However, that decrease was partially offset by increased votes for the incumbent in neighboring unmonitored polling stations. Using a survey experiment, I find that higher awareness about video monitoring increased citizens' trust in elections and their willingness to vote. All in all, these results suggest that video monitoring might improve citizens' attitudes toward the government at a low cost in terms of net lost votes. Chapter 2 reports evidence from a randomized evaluation of a reform intended to improve the Afghan government's capacity to identify their employees and pay them for their work. This reform transitioned employees from being paid by trusted agents and banks to mobile money payments. We find that registration for a mobile money wallet with biometric identification helped eliminate 'ghost' employees from the payroll, albeit imperfectly. Mobile payments improved employees' satisfaction with how they are paid and promoted a pathway toward their financial inclusion, especially in the secure urban areas previously serviced by banks. Overall, we find that state modernization is possible even in the shadow of war. Chapter 3 evaluates the effects of fiscal and administrative decentralization of local governments on economic activity in Ukraine. I exploit variation in the timing of decentralization across communities to estimate causal effects on firms and self-employed individuals using difference-in-differences methods. I find that decentralization reduced the number of active self-employed individuals, mainly in rural areas. There were, however, no significant changes in the number of active firms. These results suggest that successfully applied governance reforms might have unintended economic consequences.
Author: Cesar Velazquez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Campaign funds
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Author: Margarita M. Kalamova
Publisher: Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften
ISBN: 9783631621394
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 131
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The essays of this book are contributions to the empirical Literature in International Trade and Public Economics. They deal with the relationship between the structure and quality of the public sector and the process of economic integration. Two of the essays add to the empirical determinants of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) and to the numerous applications of the theory of government decentralization. Decentralization tends to discourage inward FDI and domestic trade and to increase imports and exports. A third essay focuses on the effect of governments' intangible assets - such as consumer perceptions about countries and products from these countries - on FDI. A country's nation brand is shown to have a significant and large positive effect on investment flows.
Author: Pranab Bardhan
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262261814
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
This wide-ranging review of some of the major issues in development economics focuses on the role of economic and political institutions. Drawing on the latest findings in institutional economics and political economy, Pranab Bardhan, a leader in the field of development economics, offers a relatively nontechnical discussion of current thinking on these issues from the viewpoint of poor countries, synthesizing recent research and reflecting on where we stand today. The institutional framework of an economy defines and constrains the opportunities of individuals, determines the business climate, and shapes the incentives and organizations for collective action on the part of communities; Pranab Bardhan finds the institutional framework to be relatively weak in many poor countries. Institutional failures, weak accountability mechanisms, and missed opportunities for cooperative problem-solving become the themes of the book, with the role of distributive conflicts in the persistence of dysfunctional institutions as a common thread. Special issues taken up include the institutions for securing property rights and resolving coordination failures; the structural basis of power; commitment devices and political accountability; the complex relationship between democracy and poverty (with examples from India, where both have been durable); decentralization and devolution of power; persistence of corruption; ethnic conflicts; and impediments to collective action. Formal models are largely avoided, except in two chapters where Bardhan briefly introduces new models to elucidate currently under-researched areas. Other chapters review existing models, emphasizing the essential ideas rather than the formal details. Thus the book will be valuable not only for economists but also for social scientists and policymakers.
Author: Marko Bojcun
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 3838213688
Category : Literary Collections
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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The essays in this book explore the major developments, both domestic and international, that shaped the first quarter-century of Ukraine’s independence: the simultaneous construction of a nation-state and the privatization of its economy; a formal democratization of the political process alongside the capture of state institutions by big business oligarchs; their efforts to gain social acceptance at home while maneuvering between competing Russian, EU, and American projects to hegemonize the region; the impact of the financial crises of 1997 and 2008 on Ukrainian society and the national economy’s place in the world market; the growing inequality of society, the mass revolts in 2004 and 2014 against corruption and injustice; and the beginning of Russian military intervention in Ukraine.
