Author: V.J. Klenin
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080542832
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 851
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Book Description
This book deals with the problems of the thermodynamics of systems containing flexible-chain polymers as the basis of polymer material science. The main thermodynamic quantities and concepts are introduced and discussed in the order of the objects getting more and more complicated: gases, magnets, low-molecular-weight substances and mixtures, and finally, polymers and polymer blends. All topics are considered in a common clue, using the principle of universality. The stability conditions for the one-phase state of multi-component systems are given. Phase separation is regarded as a result of loss in stability. The critical state of a system, with the one-phase state being close to the boundary of stability conditions breaking, is discussed in detail. The effects of both light scattering (elastic and dynamic) and diffusion, as directly depending on the thermodynamic parameters characterizing the one-phase state stability, are considered in detail. One of the versions of colloid scattering, namely, the turbidity spectrum method, is described as useful for the characterization of various heterogeneous structures and for the phase analysis of polymer systems. In the approximation of mean field theories and advanced field theory, formalisms expound the following divisions of the thermodynamics of binary and polynary systems with flexible-chain polymers: conformation of the polymer coil, composition fluctuations, elastic and dynamic light scattering, diffusion in the one-phase state (including the critical range), phase separation, polymer fractionation, the coil-globule transition, phase equilibrium and separation in the system network polymer + low-molecular-weight liquid, polymer blends and multiphase separation.
Author: Christian Wohlfarth
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849393617
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 638
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Book Description
The CRC Handbook of Enthalpy Data of Polymer-Solvent Systems presents data that is as essential to the production, process design, and use of polymers as it is to understanding the physical behavior and intermolecular interactions in polymer solutions and in developing thermodynamic polymer models. Providing an all-encompassing collection of current enthalpy data for all types of polymer solutions, this handbook is a ready companion with Christian Wohlfarth’s previously published handbooks of thermodynamic data for copolymer solutions, aqueous polymer solutions, and polymer solutions at elevated pressures, which contain only a small amount of enthalpic data in comparison to the data presented here. This volume contains 1770 data sets that include enthalpies of mixing and dilution for the entire concentration range as well as partial enthalpies of mixing and solution at infinite dilution. Special appendices allow scientists to access specific systems and data easily. The CRC Handbook of Enthalpy Data of Polymer-Solvent Systems is a practical, one-stop resource that allows polymer chemists, biochemists, chemical engineers, materials scientists, and physical chemists involved in both industrial and laboratory processes to quickly retrieve relevant information as needed.
Author: James E. Mark
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190284943
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
Polymer chemistry and technology form one of the major areas of molecular and materials science. This field impinges on nearly every aspect of modern life, from electronics technology, to medicine, to the wide range of fibers, films, elastomers, and structural materials on which everyone depends. Although most of these polymers are organic materials, attention is being focused increasingly toward polymers that contain inorganic elements as well as organic components. The goal of Inorganic Polymers is to provide a broad overview of inorganic polymers in a way that will be useful to both the uninitiated and those already working in this field. There are numerous reasons for being interested in inorganic polymers. One is the simple need to know how structure affects the properties of a polymer, particularly outside the well-plowed area of organic materials. Another is the bridge that inorganic polymers provide between polymer science and ceramics. More and more chemistry is being used in the preparation of ceramics of carefully controlled structure, and inorganic polymers are increasingly important precursor materials in such approaches. This new edition begins with a brief introductory chapter. That is followed with a discussion of the characteristics and characterization of polymers, with examples taken from the field. Other chapters in the book detail the synthesis, reaction chemistry, molecular structure, and uses of polyphosphazenes, polysiloxanes, and polysilanes. The coverage in the second edition has been updated and expanded significantly to cover advances and interesting trends since the first edition appeared. Three new chapters have been added, focusing on ferrocene-based polymers, other phosphorous-containing polymers, and boron-containing polymers; inorganic-organic hybrid composites; and preceramic inorganic polymers.
Author: Christian Wohlfarth
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482274906
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 656
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Book Description
Providing valuable insight on physical behavior of polymer solutions, intermolecular interactions, and the molecular nature of mixtures, each volume in this one-of-a-kind handbook brings together reliable, easy-to-use entries, references, tables, examples, and appendices on experimental data from hundreds of primary journal articles, dissertations,
Author: Christian Wohlfarth
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466554436
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 776
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Book Description
A large amount of experimental data has been published since the debut of the original CRC Handbook of Thermodynamic Data of Aqueous Polymer Solutions. Incorporating new and updated material, the CRC Handbook of Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamic Data of Aqueous Polymer Solutions provides a comprehensive collection of thermodynamic data of polymer
Author: Ronald Koningsveld
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 9780198556350
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
Polymeric materials include plastics, gels, synthetic fibres, and rubbers. They are all-important both in industry and in daily life. Unlike liquid water, ice, or sugar solution, polymers are not homogeneous. They are said to consist of two or more phases, and their production and processing, as well as their properties and uses, depend on an understanding of the transitions that take place between these phases. This new textbook uses fundamental principles to classify phase separation phenomena in polymer systems, and describes simple molecular models explaining the observed behaviour.
Author: Christian Wohlfarth
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420037692
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 652
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Book Description
This handbook provides the only complete collection of high-pressure thermodynamic data that is essential for understanding polymer solutions. It contains data on vapor-liquid equilibria and gas solubilities, liquid-liquid equilibria, high-pressure fluid phase equilibria for polymer systems in supercritical fluids, enthalpic and volumetric data, as well as second virial coefficients all at elevated pressures. It covers all areas needed by researchers and engineers who handle polymer systems in supercritical fluids; materials science and technological applications such as computerized predictive packages; and chemical and biochemical processes, such as synthesis and characterization, fractionation, separation, purification, and finishing of polymers and related materials.
Author: Ulrich K Deiters
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 044313281X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 476
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Book Description
High pressures play a more and more important role in modern technology. Examples are the supercritical fluid extraction of medical drugs and dyes from biological material, the handling of compressed or liquefied gases (including natural gas or hydrogen), the operation of modern thermal power plants, or various technical processes for controlled particle formation. High-Pressure Fluid Phase Equilibria, Second Edition enables understanding of the complicated phase behaviour that fluid or fluid mixtures (liquids, gases, or supercritical phases) can exhibit at elevated pressures. The underlying thermodynamic equations are explained, and robust algorithms for the computation of such equilibria (including solid–fluid equilibria) are proposed. Since the publication of the first edition of this book there have been many new developments, for instance differential equation methods for the computation of phase equilibria, accurate numerical differentiation, high-precision equations of state (e.g., the GERG model). Moreover, more detail and explanation has been added on important topics that were only briefly examined in the original book to better assist the reader, such as expansion processes and chemical reactions). The book remains invaluable as a single resource for grasping the intricacies of fluid phase behaviour. It enables readers to write or improve their own computer programs for the calculation of phase equilibria. It will appeal to graduate students of chemical engineering and university research staff involved in chemical engineering of supercritical fluids or the physical chemistry of fluids; the book can also serve as the basis of lectures or advanced students’ seminars. Comprehensively presents the complex world of phase equilibria (binary and ternary) and the various methods for computing phase equilibria, whilst carefully considering the relevant pressure and temperature ranges Introduces phase diagram classes, how to recognize them, and how to identify their characteristic features Presents rational nomenclature of binary fluid phase diagrams Includes problems and solutions for self-testing, exercises, or seminars New to this Edition: Presentation of the phase equilibria models is extended and expanded There are now more descriptions on more equations of state, especially the PCSAFT EoS Features new chapter on nonisothermal applications and chemically reactive systems and extensive updates and additions to all existing chapters
Author: Christian Wohlfarth
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203998200
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 519
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Book Description
Providing the necessary basis for any developments of theoretical thermodynamic models, this book provides a complete collection of practical thermodynamic data for a variety of applications, including: basic and applied chemistry, chemical engineering, thermodynamic research, computational modeling, membrane science and technology, and environmental and green chemistry. The data -- which includes such developments as vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid equilibria, low-and high-pressure equilibrium data, enthalpic and volumetric data, and second virial coefficients -- is necessary when studying intermolecular interactions and gaining insights into the molecular nature of mixtures.
Author: Eric Dickinson
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1847550843
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 436
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Book Description
Food Colloids: Fundamentals of Formulation describes the physico-chemical principles underlying the formulation of multi-component, multi-phase food systems. Emphasis is placed on the interfacial properties of proteins and the role of protein interactions in determining the properties of emulsions, dispersions, gels and foams. The coverage includes authoritative overviews of conceptual issues as well as descriptions of new experimental techniques and recent food colloids research findings. Specific topics include atomic force microscopy, aggregation phenomena, coalescence mechanisms, crystallization processes, surface rheology, protein-lipid interactions and mixed biopolymer systems. This book provides essential new material for those active in the field and is suitable for postgraduates and researchers, both in industry and academia.
