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Author: Tatsuhisa Takahashi
Publisher: 株式会社 オーム社
ISBN: 4274804070
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
How do people identify fragmented letters? The identification of fragmented letters is one piece of evidence that the various elements of cognitive functions work well. This ability included in the cognitive functions is considered to be in common with the ability of human ancestry to distinguish animals camouflaged in jungles. This book is concerned with a new method for examining cognitive functions with the use of a computer system presenting fragmented letters of the English alphabet. The results of the test on the identification of fragmented letters have shown that there is neither gender nor age difference in correct answer rates on fragmented letters at several fragmentation rates. The findings indicate that the ability of healthy people to read the fragmented letter as well as the full letter is unaffected by the differences in age and educational history. The book also presents the mechanism of the vision system for identification of fragmented letters.
Author: Tatsuhisa Takahashi
Publisher: 株式会社 オーム社
ISBN: 4274804070
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 107
Get Book Here
Book Description
How do people identify fragmented letters? The identification of fragmented letters is one piece of evidence that the various elements of cognitive functions work well. This ability included in the cognitive functions is considered to be in common with the ability of human ancestry to distinguish animals camouflaged in jungles. This book is concerned with a new method for examining cognitive functions with the use of a computer system presenting fragmented letters of the English alphabet. The results of the test on the identification of fragmented letters have shown that there is neither gender nor age difference in correct answer rates on fragmented letters at several fragmentation rates. The findings indicate that the ability of healthy people to read the fragmented letter as well as the full letter is unaffected by the differences in age and educational history. The book also presents the mechanism of the vision system for identification of fragmented letters.
Author: Margaret J. Snowling
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470757639
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 680
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Book Description
The Science of Reading: A Handbook brings together state-of-the-art reviews of reading research from leading names in the field, to create a highly authoritative, multidisciplinary overview of contemporary knowledge about reading and related skills. Provides comprehensive coverage of the subject, including theoretical approaches, reading processes, stage models of reading, cross-linguistic studies of reading, reading difficulties, the biology of reading, and reading instruction Divided into seven sections:Word Recognition Processes in Reading; Learning to Read and Spell; Reading Comprehension; Reading in Different Languages; Disorders of Reading and Spelling; Biological Bases of Reading; Teaching Reading Edited by well-respected senior figures in the field
Author: Maryanne Wolf
Publisher: HarperCollins
ISBN: 0062388797
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
The author of the acclaimed Proust and the Squid follows up with a lively, ambitious, and deeply informative book that considers the future of the reading brain and our capacity for critical thinking, empathy, and reflection as we become increasingly dependent on digital technologies. A decade ago, Maryanne Wolf’s Proust and the Squid revealed what we know about how the brain learns to read and how reading changes the way we think and feel. Since then, the ways we process written language have changed dramatically with many concerned about both their own changes and that of children. New research on the reading brain chronicles these changes in the brains of children and adults as they learn to read while immersed in a digitally dominated medium. Drawing deeply on this research, this book comprises a series of letters Wolf writes to us—her beloved readers—to describe her concerns and her hopes about what is happening to the reading brain as it unavoidably changes to adapt to digital mediums. Wolf raises difficult questions, including: Will children learn to incorporate the full range of "deep reading" processes that are at the core of the expert reading brain? Will the mix of a seemingly infinite set of distractions for children’s attention and their quick access to immediate, voluminous information alter their ability to think for themselves? With information at their fingertips, will the next generation learn to build their own storehouse of knowledge, which could impede the ability to make analogies and draw inferences from what they know? Will all these influences change the formation in children and the use in adults of "slower" cognitive processes like critical thinking, personal reflection, imagination, and empathy that comprise deep reading and that influence both how we think and how we live our lives? How can we preserve deep reading processes in future iterations of the reading brain? Concerns about attention span, critical reasoning, and over-reliance on technology are never just about children—Wolf herself has found that, though she is a reading expert, her ability to read deeply has been impacted as she has become increasingly dependent on screens. Wolf draws on neuroscience, literature, education, and philosophy and blends historical, literary, and scientific facts with down-to-earth examples and warm anecdotes to illuminate complex ideas that culminate in a proposal for a biliterate reading brain. Provocative and intriguing, Reader, Come Home is a roadmap that provides a cautionary but hopeful perspective on the impact of technology on our brains and our most essential intellectual capacities—and what this could mean for our future.
Author: Stella Vosniadou
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1317705564
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 976
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Book Description
This volume contains the invited lectures, invited symposia, symposia, papers and posters presented at the 2nd European Cognitive Science Conference held in Greece in May 2007. The papers presented in this volume range from empirical psychological studies and computational models to philosophical arguments, meta-analyses and even to neuroscientific experimentation. The quality of the work shows that the Cognitive Science Society in Europe is an exciting and vibrant one. There are 210 contributions by cognitive scientists from 27 different countries, including USA, France, UK, Germany, Greece, Italy, Belgium, Japan, Spain, the Netherlands, and Australia. This book will be of interest to anyone concerned with current research in Cognitive Science.
Author: Keith Stenning
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262293536
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
A new proposal for integrating the employment of formal and empirical methods in the study of human reasoning. In Human Reasoning and Cognitive Science, Keith Stenning and Michiel van Lambalgen—a cognitive scientist and a logician—argue for the indispensability of modern mathematical logic to the study of human reasoning. Logic and cognition were once closely connected, they write, but were “divorced” in the past century; the psychology of deduction went from being central to the cognitive revolution to being the subject of widespread skepticism about whether human reasoning really happens outside the academy. Stenning and van Lambalgen argue that logic and reasoning have been separated because of a series of unwarranted assumptions about logic. Stenning and van Lambalgen contend that psychology cannot ignore processes of interpretation in which people, wittingly or unwittingly, frame problems for subsequent reasoning. The authors employ a neurally implementable defeasible logic for modeling part of this framing process, and show how it can be used to guide the design of experiments and interpret results.
Author: Apostolos Antonacopoulos
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814485160
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
This book provides the first comprehensive look at the emerging field of web document analysis. It sets the scene in this new field by combining state-of-the-art reviews of challenges and opportunities with research papers by leading researchers. Readers will find in-depth discussions on the many diverse and interdisciplinary areas within the field, including web image processing, applications of machine learning and graph theories for content extraction and web mining, adaptive web content delivery, multimedia document modeling and human interactive proofs for web security.
Author: Martin Claes
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1350296112
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
This book reads texts of Augustine on the topic of the human body in the context of contemporary debates in philosophical theology and relevant authors from the cognitive science of religion. Martin Claes focuses particularly on Augustine's special position in the intellectual discourses of Western philosophy (free will, theodicy), theology (grace, incarnation) and humanities (anthropology, political sciences, law), arguing that his written work is an excellent point of departure for a multidimensional scholarly approach. The reading in this book shows that a different picture emerges if we make the effort to situate Augustine's mature anthropology within contemporary debates in philosophical theology and cognitive science of religion. Omnipotence, vulnerability, suffering but also purification and perfection are discussed in dialogue between patristic and philosophical theology; the human offers the clue to concepts of unity in diversity in Christ.
Author: Yoon-Man Park
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004179623
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Drawing on frame theory from cogntive science, this book shows that as a product of oral-aural cultures the Gospel of Mark is basically an 'background knowledge'-based story; and hence it can be only properly understood by the help of frames which the speaker and audience shared.
Author: A.C. Graesser
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461258804
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 319
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Book Description
When individuals read or listen to prose they try to understand what it means. This is quite obvious. However, the cognitive mechanisms that participate in prose comprehension are far from obvious. Even simple stories involve com plexities that have stymied many cognitive scientists. Why is prose comprehen sion so difficult to study? Perhaps because comprehension is guided by so many domains of knowledge. Perhaps because some critical mysteries of prose comprehension reside between the lines-in the mind of the comprehender. Ten years ago very few psychologists were willing to dig beyond the surface of explicit code in their studies of discourse processing. Tacit knowledge, world knowledge, inferences, and expectations were slippery notions that experimental psychologists managed to circumvent rather than understand. In many scientific circles it was taboo to investigate mechanisms and phenomena that are not directly governed by the physical stimulus. Fortunately, times have changed. Cognitive scientists are now vigorously exploring the puzzles of comprehension that lie beyond the word. The study of discourse processing is currently growing at a frenetic pace.
Author: Joseph S. Krajcik
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351792741
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
Teaching Science in Elementary and Middle School integrates principles of learning and motivation with practical teaching ideas for implementing them. Paralleling what scientists do, project-based learning (PBL) represents the essence of inquiry and the nature of science, and engages children and teachers in investigating meaningful, real-world questions about the world around them. This text provides concrete strategies on teaching using a project-based approach and on meeting the principles in A Framework for K–12 Science Education and the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Features include strategies for planning long-term, interdisciplinary, student-centered units; scenarios to help readers situate new experiences; and a wealth of supplementary material on the Companion Website. Features in the Fifth Edition: Integrates research-based findings from the National Research Council’s Taking Science to School, A Framework for K–12 Science Education, and NGSS to engage learners and help them make sense of phenomena in using disciplinary core ideas, science and engineering practices, and crosscutting concepts Gives attention to cultural diversity throughout the chapters, with an added focus on working with English Language Learners Describes how to develop and use assessments that require students to make use of their knowledge to solve problems or explain phenomena Illustrates how to use PBL to make connections to Common Core Standards for Mathematics and English Language Arts Provides examples of project-based lessons and projects to illustrate how teachers can support children in engaging in scientific and engineering practices, such as asking questions, designing investigations, constructing models and developing evidence-based explanation
