The Use of Multispectral Video Remote Sensing to Monitor Suspended Sediment Concentrations (PHD). PDF Download
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Author: Christopher Tom Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Christopher Tom Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
![Discrimination of Suspended Sediment Concentrations Using Multispectral Remote Sensing Techniques [microform] PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/qoexngEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Liedtke, Jeffrey Lee
Publisher: National Library of Canada
ISBN: 9780315425897
Category : Multispectral photography
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Author: K. S. Albanakis
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Category : Aerial photography in forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 734
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Category : Geological mapping
Languages : en
Pages : 756
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Author: Zhimin Chen
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Joseph Henry Adelson
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Suspended sediment in San Francisco Bay affects the economic and ecological health of the estuary and its surrounding region by limiting light availability for photosynthesis, transporting contaminants, nourishing marsh restoration projects, infilling shipping channels, and providing protection to the shoreline from sea level rise via accretion on mudflats. Traditional efforts to study sediment transport phenomena have relied upon in situ measurements and numerical modeling, but these approaches have limitations. In situ measurement techniques rely on point measurements with high temporal resolution, yet they are difficult to deploy over large spatial areas. Models provide useful insight into the spatial heterogeneity of sediment processes. However, they rely on initial and boundary conditions and parameterizations that are based on observations, therefore the accuracy of models is also constrained in part by the limitations of in situ measurements. This dissertation presents remote sensing measurements from satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to understand suspended sediment transport processes in estuaries like San Francisco Bay. Twelve methods for inferring suspended sediment concentration (SSC) from Landsat 7 imagery were compared using k-folds validation and assessed based on their abilities to recreate in situ SSC measurements from one meter below the surface. The best performer was the model of Nechad et al. (2010) using the red wavelength band with coefficients determined via Huber regression, with mean absolute error of 5.94 mg L-1 and bias of 0.15 mg L-1. Satellite-derived SSC observations compare well with USGS transects indicating that the method is well-suited to supplement cruise data that is costly to acquire and therefore limited in its frequency. Remote sensing measurements were aggregated by location, season, or tidal phase to understand the variability of SSC and to compare probability densities with in situ measurements. These results show that surface SSC is heightened in the shoals during summer months and has trended downward in Suisun and Grizzly Bays since 1999. Using satellite imagery from 2014-2017, remotely sensed surface SSC derived from the Nechad method was paired with bottom stress estimates based on two-dimensional hydrodynamic and fetch-limited wave models to investigate the relationship between surface SSC and flow. Observations of SSC closely fit a lognormal distribution though the shape, characterized by the modal value, depend on binning criteria including embayment, depth, and wave height. When binned by model-derived bottom shear stress, the modal value of the SSC distribution exhibited an inflection point at the critical shear stress for erosion. This suggests that remote sensing can be used to derive critical stresses that are otherwise difficult to measure. To account for the limitations of satellite imagery such as low spatial resolution and low temporal resolution (Landsat 7 overpasses occurred roughly once every 16 days), a method was developed to infer surface SSC from UAV-based imagery. While traditional remote sensing platforms take imagery at approximately a nadir viewing angle and provide multispectral images that are aligned with one another, an off-the-shelf camera aboard a UAV may not adhere to those qualities. Low cost multi-spectral cameras often include individual sensors for each band. The slight misalignment between images violates assumptions in two-band glint correction algorithms. Additionally, UAVs must tilt to fly and compensate for wind requiring images to occasionally be taken at angles more oblique than most satellite imagery. The method developed in this dissertation adapts previous techniques for sun glint correction for misaligned multispectral images and offers a novel approach to reduce the effects of camera orientation for oblique angles. During a field campaign, the UAV-based method to capture remote sensing reflectance was validated via comparison with in situ measurements made with a hyperspectral radiometer, and its ability to accurately infer SSC was verified based on in situ water samples. It was found that a polarizing filter is necessary to mitigate much of the glare on the water surface. A series of test flights were conducted to measure the surface SSC along a transect parallel to the Dumbarton Bridge during different phases of the tidal cycle. To reduce the impact of variability of incoming light, the flights were conducted over a period of 12 days at the same solar zenith angle during each day. Because the tide arrives later by roughly 50 minutes each day, consecutive daily transects over 12 days provided the variability over a tidal cycle. Cross-sectional sediment flux was computed from the remotely sensed surface SSC measurements and compared well to flux values estimated from in situ USGS observations.
Author: Liqin Qu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Author:
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Category : Aerial photography
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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The potential of remote sensing in the Corps of Engineers Dredging Program for providing data on channel surveys, sediment drift and dispersion during dredging, water quality and suspended sediment concentrations, and selection of disposal sites and monitoring environmental effects at disposal sites was reviewed. The recommended remote sensor combination for recording dredging and environmental changes was a small, single-engine aircraft equipped with at least two 70-mm or 35-mm cameras. The first camera should be loaded with color film and the second camera with color infrared film for vegetation or land use mapping, or panchromatic film with special filters for water studies. For bathymetric mapping, the cameras will have to be supplemented by airborne impulse radar or laser profilers, and possibly sonar depth finders. A combination of small aircraft and boats is optimum for mapping currents and observing plume dynamics. Additional research is required to study the use of multispectral scanners for bathymetric mapping of large coastal areas, for mapping sediment transport in shallow waters, for mapping concentrations of suspended matter or organic or inorganic origin, and for detecting vegetative stress and soil properties. Along with the acquisition of the multispectral data, ground truth needs to be taken to verify the interpretation of the data. Long-range plans, on the order of 30 to 50 years, are necessary for managing the disposal of dredged material. Keywords: Aerial photography; Army Corps of engineers; Dredged materials; Dredging; Remote sensing.
