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Author: Ahmad Gholamalizadeh Ahangar
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783838337494
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
This book represents a significant advance in the fundamental understanding of the role of soil organic matter (SOM) in sorption because of the approach taken via four key factors that may have an influence on sorption - soil organic chemistry, mineralogy, lipid chemistry and solvent conditioning - were studied and quantified. Most previous works in this area have focused solely on the effect of SOM chemistry on the sorption of non-ionic compounds. Much less attention has been paid to the interactions between SOM and the mineral phase and lipid components, or to SOM physical conformation, and no single previous study has investigated all four aspects on a set of soils in close geographic proximity and with very similar soil forming factors, especially that of parent material. The role of SOM chemistry on sorption of non-ionic compounds has been over-emphasized .Other factors, identified above, can alter the sorption properties of SOM to a degree that the effect of SOM chemistry is masked.
Author: Ahmad Gholamalizadeh Ahangar
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783838337494
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 144
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book represents a significant advance in the fundamental understanding of the role of soil organic matter (SOM) in sorption because of the approach taken via four key factors that may have an influence on sorption - soil organic chemistry, mineralogy, lipid chemistry and solvent conditioning - were studied and quantified. Most previous works in this area have focused solely on the effect of SOM chemistry on the sorption of non-ionic compounds. Much less attention has been paid to the interactions between SOM and the mineral phase and lipid components, or to SOM physical conformation, and no single previous study has investigated all four aspects on a set of soils in close geographic proximity and with very similar soil forming factors, especially that of parent material. The role of SOM chemistry on sorption of non-ionic compounds has been over-emphasized .Other factors, identified above, can alter the sorption properties of SOM to a degree that the effect of SOM chemistry is masked.
Author: Cary T. Chiou
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471463019
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
Given the presence of a wide variety of contaminants in the environment, it is important to understand what drives a contaminant from one medium to another, as well as the manner and extent to which a contaminant associates with the different media or phases within a local environmental system. Partition and Adsorption of Organic Contaminants in Environmental Systems forms a comprehensive resource on the behavioral characteristics of contaminants so that appropriate strategies can be adopted to either prevent or minimize their adverse impacts on human welfare and natural resources. Cary Chiou’s far-reaching text depicts the processes by which nonionic organic contaminants are sorbed to natural biotic and abiotic substances. This book focuses on physical principles and system parameters that affect the contaminant uptake by soil from water, air, and other media; by fish from water; and by plants from soil and water. As contaminant uptake by natural organic substances is often predominantly a partition interaction, the partition characteristics in several solvent-water model mixtures are treated in detail to elucidate the relevant physicochemical parameters. The account of contaminant sorption to soils, fish, and plants is strengthened by companion chapters on: Fundamentals of solution theory Interphase partition equations Fundamentals of adsorption theory Vapor adsorption on mineral and carbonaceous solids No other single source in the field delivers as compelling a combination of background understanding and "state-of-the-science" comprehension of current issues. Ideally suited for a graduate-level environmental course, Partition and Adsorption of Organic Contaminants in Environmental Systems also serves as a technical guide to current and future research in the field.
Author: M. D. Piwoni
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hazardous waste sites
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
Author: Cleve A. I. Goring
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
The soil environment; Adsorption; Decomposition: qualitative relationships; Decomposition: qualitative aspects; Diffusion and volatilization; Mass transfer.
Author: James W. Blackburn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309086256
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.
Author: Ahmad Gholamalizadeh Ahangar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
Author: Yongming Luo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811060290
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 814
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Book Description
This book reviews the progresses and achievements made in the past 20 years of research on soil pollution and remediation in China, and presents 50 review and research articles from all over China, including Hong Kong and Taiwan. The authors include scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs and managers from 26 universities, 18 institutes, 4 leading enterprises and 2 government environmental protection departments. The contents cover fundamental research on soil pollution and remediation, technical development, project demonstration, policy and governance. The polluted soil/site types include farmland, industrial sites, mining areas and oilfields, with heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic, copper, chromium, mercury, lead, zinc, nickel, etc.), organic pollutants (PAHs, PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, phthalate esters, halogenated hydrocarbons, etc.), and metal–organic mixed pollutants. The remediation techniques mainly include physical and chemical remediation (thermal desorption, soil vapor extraction, in situ advanced chemical oxidation, solidification and stabilization), phytoremediation (phytostabilization, phytoextraction by hyperaccumulators, phyto-prevention by low accumulation plants), bioremediation (microbial adsorption and immobilization, microbial degradation, microbe-enhanced phytoremediation), and combined remediation merging multiple technologies. The governance and policy section mainly explores laws and regulations, criteria and standards, financial guarantees and the industrial market for soil environment and pollution prevention.
Author: P. M. Huang
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 472
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Book Description
V. 1 - Natural and anthropogenic organics; v. 2 - Metals, other inorganics, and microbial activities. General soil quality as influenced by interactions of soil minerals with organics and microorganisms: Organic-inorganic interections in soils and their effects on soil quality; Sorption phenomena between inorganic and organic compounds in soils: impacts on transformation processes; Role of aluminium and iron in the accumulation of organic matter in soils with variable charge; Sorption of ions by soil organic matter and clay-organics at low ionic strength; Water potential, soil microhabitats, and microbial development; Effect of citric acid on interlayer adsorption of hydroxy-aluminosilicate ions by montmorillonite; Microbial oxidation of pyrites in relation to its efficiency in alkali soil reclamation; Modification of gelation properties of colloidal solids from oil sands: extraction impact on fine tailings formation; Position paper of part I; Transformations of natural and anthropogenic organic compounds as affected by soil minerals and microorganisms: Natural organics; Recent advances in organomineral interactions: implications for carbon cycling and soil structure; The role of short-range ordered mineral colloids in abiotic transformations of organics components in the environment; Influence of pyrogallol on the catalytic action of iron and managenese oxides in amino acid transformation; Photochemical effect on the abiotic transformations of polyphenolics as catalyzed by Mn(IV) oxide; Potential of the supercitical fluid extraction technique for characterizing organic-inorganic interactions in soils; Dissolution and fractionation of calcium-bound and iron-and aluminium-bound humus in soils; Rhe quality of soil organic matter as characterized by soil CPMAS C-NMR, and Py-FIMS; Extracellular polysaccharides: an interface between microorganisms and soil constituents; Low-molecular-weigh aliphatic carboxylic acids in some andisols of Japan; Relationship between organic acids and microorganisms on a kong-term cropping site in southeastern Australia; Effect of the addition of plant residues on the mineralization of sulfur in Costa Rican soils; Anthropogenic organics: Sorption and biodegradation of organic contaminants in soils: conceptual representations of process coupling; The role of dissolved metals and metal-containing surfaces in catalyzing the hydrolysis of organic pollutants; The role of abiotic and biotic catalysts in the transformation of phenolic compounds; The role of abiotic interections with humic substances on the environmental impact of organic pollutants; Adsorption mechanisms and abiotic catalytic transformations of some agrochemicals by clay minerals; Interactions between manganese oxides and multiple ringed aromatic compounds; Mobility and persistence of metolachlor and terbuthylazine in field lysimeters; Soil-pesticide interactions and their impact on the volatilization process; Factors affecting the movements, reactions, and biotransformations ox xenobiotics; Effect of soil minerals on the microbial formation of enzymes and their possible use in remediation of chemically polluted sites; Position paper of part II; Effect of microorganisms on mobility of heavy metals in soils; Interactions of copper with soil humic substances; Adsorption of phosphate on variable charge minerals: competitive effect of organic ligands; Cadmium adsorption on the hydroxyaluminum-montmorillonite complex as influencend by oxalate; Influence of citrate on selenite sorption-desorption on short-range ordered aluminum hydroxides; Role of amorphous fe oxides in controlling retention of heavy metal elements in soils; Effect of natural organic matter and pH on the bioavailability of metal ions in soils; Seasonal changes of organic matter, pH, nitrogen and some metals in forest topsoils in Austria: a case study of two soils with and whithout a litter layer; Substituion of rock phosphate and legumes for commercial fertilizers; Effect of single and combined inoculation with azotobacter and VA mycorrhizal fungi on growth and mineral nutrient contents of maize and wheat plants; Position paper of part I; Interactions of clays with microorganisms and bacterial survival in soil: a physicochemical perspective; Enumeration, survival, and beneficial activities of microorganisms introduced into soil; Effects of clay minerals, oxyhydroxides, and humic matter on microbial communities of soil, sediment, and water; Activity, stability, and kinetc properties of enzymes immobilized on clay minerals and organomineral complexes; Influence of site conditions and heavy metals on enzyme activities of forest topsoils; Aluminum toxicity: a major stress for microbes in the environment; Biological response to contamination with pentachlorophenol and mercuric chloride in a high organic matter soil; Ecology of 2,4-D degradation in three palouse silt loam soils.
Author: Bruno Yaron
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642611478
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
The soil is the medium through which pollutants originating from human activities, both in agriculture and industry, move from the land surfaces to groundwater. Polluting substances are subject to complex physical, chemical and biological transformations during their movement through the soil. Their displacement depends on the transport properties of the water-air-soil system and on the molecular properties of the pollutants. Prediction of soil pollution and restoration of polluted soils requires an under standing of the processes controlling the fate of pollutants in the soil medium and of the dynamics of the contaminants in the un saturated zone. Our book was conceived· as a basic overview of the processes governing the behavior of pollutants as affected by soil constituents and environmental factors. It was written for the use of specialists working on soil and unsaturated zone pollution and restoration, as well as for graduate students starting research in this field. Since many specialists working on soil restoration lack a back ground in soil science or a knowledge of the properties of soil pollutants, we have included this information which forms the first part of the book. In the second part, we discuss the partitioning of pollutants between the aqueous, solid and gaseous phase of the soil medium. The retention, transformation and transport of pollutants in the soils form the third section.
