The Smarandache Curves on π2 1 and Its Duality on π»2o PDF Download
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Author: Atakan Tugkan Yakut
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
We introduce special Smarandache curves based on Sabban frame on π2 1 and we investigate geodesic curvatures of Smarandache curves on de Sitterand hyperbolic spaces.
Author: Atakan Tugkan Yakut
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
We introduce special Smarandache curves based on Sabban frame on π2 1 and we investigate geodesic curvatures of Smarandache curves on de Sitterand hyperbolic spaces.
Author: TANJU KAHRAMAN
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
In this paper, by considering dual Darboux frame, we deο¬ne dual Smarandache curves lying fully on unit dual sphere S2 and corresponding ruled surfaces. We obtain the relationships between the elements of curvature of dual spherical curve (ruled surface) Ξ±(s) and its dual Smarandache curve (Smarandache ruled surface) Ξ±1(s) and we give an example for dual Smarandache curves of a dual spherical curve.
Author: Tanju KAHRAMAN
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Book Description
In this paper, by considering dual geodesic trihedron (dual Darboux frame) we define dual Smarandache curves lying fully on dual unit sphere 2 S and corresponding to ruled surfaces. We obtain the relationships between the elements of curvature of dual spherical curve (ruled surface) a (s) and its dual Smarandache curve (Smarandache ruled surface) 1a (s) and we give an example for dual Smarandache curves of a dual spherical curve.
Author: Murat SAVAS
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Book Description
Smarandache curves in Euclidean or non-Euclidean spaces have been recently of particular interest for researchers. In Euclidean differential geometry, Smarandache curves of a curve are defined to be combination of its position, tangent, and normal vectors. These curves have been also studied widely. Smarandache curves play an important role in Smarandache geometry. They are the objects of Smarandache geometry, i.e. a geometry which has at least one Smarandachely denied axiom. An axiom is said to be Smarandachely denied if it behaves in at least two different ways within the same space. Smarandache geometry has a significant role in the theory of relativity and parallel universes. In this study, we give special Smarandache curves according to the Sabban frame in hyperbolic space and new Smarandache partners in de Sitter space. The existence of duality between Smarandache curves in hyperbolic and de Sitter space is obtained. We also describe how we can depict picture of Smarandache partners in de Sitter space of a curve in hyperbolic space. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate our main results.
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN: 1599730138
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Throughout this book, we discuss some open problems in various branches of science, including mathematics, theoretical physics, astrophysics, geophysics etc. It is of our hope that some of the problems discussed in this book will find their place either in theoretical exploration or further experiments, while some parts of these problems may be found useful for scholarly stimulation.The present book is also intended for young physics and mathematics fellows who will perhaps find the unsolved problems described here are at least worth pondering. If this book provides only a few highlights of plausible solutions, it is merely to keep the fun of readers in discovering the answers by themselves. Bon voyage!
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN: 1599730804
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 157
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Book Description
N-Norm and N-conorm are extended in Neutrosophic Logic/Set.
Author: Mohamed Haj Yousef
Publisher: Mohamed Haj Yousef
ISBN: 1539579204
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 411
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Book Description
The Duality of Time Theory is the result of more than two decades of ceaseless investigation and searching through ancient manuscripts of concealed philosophies and mystical traditions, comparing all that with the fundamental results of modern physics and cosmology, until all the contradicting jigsaw pieces were put together into this brilliant portrait. Without the overwhelming proofs and strong confirmations that accumulated over time, it would have been impossible to pursue this long research path, as it was extremely challenging to appreciate the unfathomable secret of time and the consequences of the ongoing perpetual creation of space, that result from the Single Monad Model of the Cosmos. The complex-time geometry of the Duality of Time Theory explains how the physical dimensions of space are sequentially being re-created in the inner levels of time, which makes the outward time genuinely imaginary with respect to the inner real levels. This is easily expressed in terms of the hyperbolic split-complex numbers, that characterize the Relativistic Lorentzian Symmetry. This will have deep implications because space-time has become naturally quantized in a way that explains and unites all the three principles of Relativity, leading to full Quantum Field Theory of Gravity, as well as explaining all the other fundamental interactions in terms of the new granular space-time geometry. This ultimate unification will solve many persisting problems in physics and cosmology. The homogeneity problem, for example, will instantly cease, since the Universe, no matter how large it could be, is re-created sequentially in the inner time, so all the states are updated and synchronized before they appear in the outer level that we encounter. Furthermore, the Duality of Time does not only unify all the fundamental interactions in terms of its genuinely-complex time-time geometry, but it unifies this whole physical world with the two other even more fundamental domains of the psychical and spiritual worlds. All these three conclusive and complementary realms are constructed on the same concept of space-time geometry that together form one single absolute and perfectly symmetrical space. This particular subject is treated at length in the Third Volume of this book series - the Ultimate Symmetry, which explores how the apparent physical and metaphysical multiplicity is emerging from the absolute Oneness of Divine Presence, descending through four fundamental levels of symmetry: ultimate, hyper, super and normal. Among many other astonishing consequences, this astounding conclusion means that the psychical world is composed of atoms and molecules that are identical with the physical world except that they are evolving in orthogonal time direction. It may appear initially impossible to believe how the incorporeal worlds may have the same atomic structure as the physical world, but it is more appropriate to say that physical structures are eventually incorporeal, because they become various wave phenomena and energy interactions as soon as we dive into their microscopic level, as it is now confirmed by Quantum Field Theories. In the Duality of Time Theory, since rigid space is created sequentially in the inner time, energy may become negative, imaginary and even multidimensional, which simply means that all things in creation are various kinds of energy moments that are spreading on different intersecting dimensions of time; so not only mass and energy are equivalent, but also charge and all other physical and metaphysical entities are interconvertible types of energy, including consciousness and information.
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
In this paper one generalizes the intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS), paraconsistent set, and intuitionistic set to the neutrosophic set (NS). Many examples are presented. Distinctions between NS and IFS are underlined.
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN: 1599732270
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
Author: Nazrul Islam
Publisher: New Age International
ISBN: 8122418384
Category : Tensor algebra
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Book Description
The Book Is Written Is In Easy-To-Read Style With Corresponding Examples. The Main Aim Of This Book Is To Precisely Explain The Fundamentals Of Tensors And Their Applications To Mechanics, Elasticity, Theory Of Relativity, Electromagnetic, Riemannian Geometry And Many Other Disciplines Of Science And Engineering, In A Lucid Manner. The Text Has Been Explained Section Wise, Every Concept Has Been Narrated In The Form Of Definition, Examples And Questions Related To The Concept Taught. The Overall Package Of The Book Is Highly Useful And Interesting For The People Associated With The Field.
