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Author: Melanie Bervoets
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9402417478
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
This volume sets out to provide a semantics for the "future-directed opining verbs", a novel class whose members are used to describe subjects' externally attested opinions toward future possibilities. Including verbs like recommend, promise, and permit, the class can be situated within a broader range of opinion verbs, including the well-known propositional attitudes, and key to the investigation here are differences among these groups along the lines of available event types, interaction with the common ground, and restrictions on subjects and objects. Other important semantic topics implicated in the discussion are dispositions, free choice disjunction, and Neg-raising/embedded NPI licensing, and the host of new data associated with the future-directed opining verbs prompts surveys of the expanded scope of these phenomena, and corresponding re-evaluation of existing theories. Collectively, the contributions of this work deepen our understanding of predicates that describe opinion and disposition, and how these interact with fundamental logical operations like negation and disjunction, highlighting the crucial role of contextual factors like relevance for these processes.
Author: Melanie Bervoets
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9402417478
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 200
Get Book Here
Book Description
This volume sets out to provide a semantics for the "future-directed opining verbs", a novel class whose members are used to describe subjects' externally attested opinions toward future possibilities. Including verbs like recommend, promise, and permit, the class can be situated within a broader range of opinion verbs, including the well-known propositional attitudes, and key to the investigation here are differences among these groups along the lines of available event types, interaction with the common ground, and restrictions on subjects and objects. Other important semantic topics implicated in the discussion are dispositions, free choice disjunction, and Neg-raising/embedded NPI licensing, and the host of new data associated with the future-directed opining verbs prompts surveys of the expanded scope of these phenomena, and corresponding re-evaluation of existing theories. Collectively, the contributions of this work deepen our understanding of predicates that describe opinion and disposition, and how these interact with fundamental logical operations like negation and disjunction, highlighting the crucial role of contextual factors like relevance for these processes.
Author: Timothy Williamson
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0198860668
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 287
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Book Description
What does 'if' mean? Timothy Williamson presents a controversial new approach to understanding conditional thinking, which is central to human cognitive life. He argues that in using 'if' we rely on psychological heuristics, fast and frugal methods which can lead us to trust faulty data and prematurely reject simple theories.
Author: Anna Wierzbicka
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9027286124
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 629
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Book Description
“The semantics of grammar” presents a radically semantic approach to syntax and morphology. It offers a methodology which makes it possible to demonstrate, on an empirical basis, that syntax is neither “autonomous” nor “arbitrary”, but that it follows from “semantics”. It is shown that every grammatical construction encodes a certain semantic structure, which can be revealed and rigorously stated, so that the meanings encoded in grammar can be compared in a precise and illuminating way, within one language and across language boundaries. The author develops a semantic metalanguage based on lexical universals or near-universals (and, ultimately, on a system of universal semantic primitives), and shows that the same semantic metalanguage can be used for explicating lexical, grammatical and pragmatic aspects of language and thus offers a method for an integrated linguistic description based on semantic foundations. Analyzing data from a number of different languages (including English, Russian and Japanese) the author explores the notion of ethnosyntax and, via semantics, links syntax and morphology with culture. She attemps to demonstrate that the use of a semantic metalanguage based on lexical universals makes it possible to rephrase the Humboldt-Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in such a way that it can be tested and treated as a program for empirical research.
Author:
Publisher: Adam Westerski
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
Idea Management Systems are web applications that implement the notion of open innovation though crowdsourcing. Typically, organizations use those kind of systems to connect to large communities in order to gather ideas for improvement of products or services. Originating from simple suggestion boxes, Idea Management Systems advanced beyond collecting ideas and aspire to be a knowledge management solution capable to select best ideas via collaborative as well as expert assessment methods. In practice, however, the contemporary systems still face a number of problems usually related to information overflow and recognizing questionable quality of submissions with reasonable time and effort allocation. This thesis focuses on idea assessment problem area and contributes a number of solutions that allow to filter, compare and evaluate ideas submitted into an Idea Management System. With respect to Idea Management System interoperability the thesis proposes theoretical model of Idea Life Cycle and formalizes it as the Gi2MO ontology which enables to go beyond the boundaries of a single system to compare and assess innovation in an organization wide or market wide context. Furthermore, based on the ontology, the thesis builds a number of solutions for improving idea assessment via: community opinion analysis (MARL), annotation of idea characteristics (Gi2MO Types) and study of idea relationships (Gi2MO Links). The main achievements of the thesis are: application of theoretical innovation models for practice of Idea Management to successfully recognize the differentiation between communities, opinion metrics and their recognition as a new tool for idea assessment, discovery of new relationship types between ideas and their impact on idea clustering. Finally, the thesis outcome is establishment of Gi2MO Project that serves as an incubator for Idea Management solutions and mature open-source software alternatives for the widely available commercial suites. From the academic point of view the project delivers resources to undertake experiments in the Idea Management Systems area and managed to become a forum that gathered a number of academic and industrial partners.
Author: Maite Ezcurdia
Publisher: Broadview Press
ISBN: 1554810698
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 591
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Book Description
The boundary between semantics and pragmatics has been important since the early twentieth century, but in the last twenty-five years it has become the central issue in the philosophy of language. This anthology collects classic philosophical papers on the topic, along with recent key contributions. It stresses not only the nature of the boundary, but also its importance for philosophy generally.
Author: Kerry Mullan
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9027287651
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Based on the analysis of conversations between French and Australian English speakers discussing various topics, including their experiences as non-native speakers in France or Australia, this book combines subjective personal testimonies with an objective linguistic analysis of the expression of opinion in discourse. It offers a new perspective on French and Australian English interactional style by examining the discourse markers I think, je pense, je crois and je trouve. It is shown that the prosody, intonation unit position, and the surrounding context of these markers are all fundamental to their function and meaning in interaction. In addition, this book offers the first detailed comparative semantic study of the three comparative French expressions in interaction. The book will appeal to all those interested in linguistics, French and Australian English interactional style, cross-cultural communication, and discourse analysis. Students and teachers of French will be interested in the semantic analysis of the French expressions, the authentic interactional data and the personal testimonies of the participants.
Author: Kristin Börjesson
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110372584
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Currently, there is a great number of approaches to the semantics-pragmatics distinction on the market. This book is unique in that it offers a comprehensive overview, comparison and critical evaluation of these approaches. Taking as a starting point the notorious difficulty of differentiating so-called literal from non-literal (or figurative) meaning, it covers a wide range of the key current topics in semantics and pragmatics, e.g., the saying/meaning distinction, minimalism vs. contextualism, unarticulated constituents, indexicalism, (generalised) conversational implicatures, speech acts, levels of meaning in interpretation, the role of context in interpretation, the nature of lexical meaning. Notably, rather than taking a solely theoretical perspective, the book integrates psycho- and neurolinguistic perspectives, considering experimental results concerning the (differences in) processing of the various types of meaning covered. In terms of topics covered and perspectives taken, it is equally well suited for undergraduate as well as postgraduate students of linguistics and/or philosophy of language.
Author: Diana Maynard
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031794745
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
This book introduces core natural language processing (NLP) technologies to non-experts in an easily accessible way, as a series of building blocks that lead the user to understand key technologies, why they are required, and how to integrate them into Semantic Web applications. Natural language processing and Semantic Web technologies have different, but complementary roles in data management. Combining these two technologies enables structured and unstructured data to merge seamlessly. Semantic Web technologies aim to convert unstructured data to meaningful representations, which benefit enormously from the use of NLP technologies, thereby enabling applications such as connecting text to Linked Open Data, connecting texts to each other, semantic searching, information visualization, and modeling of user behavior in online networks. The first half of this book describes the basic NLP processing tools: tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, and morphological analysis, in addition to the main tools required for an information extraction system (named entity recognition and relation extraction) which build on these components. The second half of the book explains how Semantic Web and NLP technologies can enhance each other, for example via semantic annotation, ontology linking, and population. These chapters also discuss sentiment analysis, a key component in making sense of textual data, and the difficulties of performing NLP on social media, as well as some proposed solutions. The book finishes by investigating some applications of these tools, focusing on semantic search and visualization, modeling user behavior, and an outlook on the future.
Author: Davide Buscaldi
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030000729
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post conference proceedings of the 4th edition of the Semantic Web Evaluation Challenge, SemWebEval 2018, co-located with the 15th European Semantic Web conference, held in Heraklion, Greece, in June 2018. This book includes the descriptions of all methods and tools that competed at SemWebEval 2018, together with a detailed description of the tasks, evaluation procedures and datasets. The 18 revised full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. The contributions are grouped in the areas: the mighty storage challenge; open knowledge extraction challenge; question answering over linked data challenge; semantic sentiment analysis.
Author: Harald Sack
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319465651
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post conference proceedings of the third edition of the Semantic Web Evaluation Challenge, SemWebEval 2016, co-located with the 13th European Semantic Web conference, held in Heraklion, Crete, Greece, in May/June 2016. This book includes the descriptions of all methods and tools that competed at SemWebEval 2016, together with a detailed description of the tasks, evaluation procedures and datasets. The contributions are grouped in the areas: Open Knowledge Extraction (OKE 2016); Semantic Sentiment Analysis (SSA 2016); Question Answering over Linked Data (QALD 6); Top-K Shortest Path in Large Typed RDF Graphs Datasets; Semantic Publishing (SemPub2016).
