Author: Shiqing Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Estrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 268

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 46

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Both the growth and the development of the mammary gland are controlled by the female hormones estrogen and progesterone, and by interactions between the epithelial and stromal compartments of the breast. Changes in the regulation of any of these processes may lead to breast cancer. Therefore, we need to understand in detail the mechanisms that control proliferation and development of the mammary gland. We have investigated the role of progesterone in the process of sidebranching and alveologenesis In the mammary gland using mice laclting the progesterone receptor which are defective in these processes. By reconstituting murine mammary glands in vivo, we have shown that the progesterone receptor is required only in epithelial cells for proper sidebranching to occur. Our studies suggest that progesterone acts in a paracrine manner and more recent data suggests that Wnt-4 is a possible mediator of this paracrine effect. In parallel studies, we have observed that breast cancer cells can dramatically downregulate the expression of hepatocyte growth factor in cocultured libroblasts. These results suggest an important role of paracrine interactions also in breast cancer development. In addition, we have characterized the role of the estrogen receptor in regulating the proliferation of breast cancer cells. We postulate that the ability of estrogen receptor to control cyclin Dl expression and proliferation of breast cancer cells may be acquired during breast cancer development. In conclusion, we have studied the role of female hormones and stroma-epithelial interactions in regulating mammary gland development and tumorigenesis.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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We identified molecules that are involved in the cross talk between the epithelial and mesenchymal components of the developing and involuting mammary gland. The EFGR protein was shown to mediate normal ductal morphogenesis by acting from the stromal cells on the development of the mammary epithelial ducts. Additional evidence was provided concerning the function of the Caspase 1 gene product during lobular-alveolar development and involution of the mammary gland after weaning. An interesting observation from this work was mammary epithelial cells that will succumb to apoptosis enter the cell cycle first. This observation implies that at least a subset of the redundant epithelial cells undergo activation before cell death. In preliminary work mammary glands from the MMP14 null mouse were shown to have less adipose tissue but ductal penetration of the fat pad and initial duct formation occurred by post-natal day 13. Further experimentation is required to determine if the reduction in adipose tissue is related - to the wasting phenotype of these animals, or is induced by the MMP14 null epithelial cells. The practical outcome of these studies is a better understanding of mammary gland development before, during and after pregnancy, and during the process of involution.

Author: Orla M. Conneely
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540734937
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 211

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Progestins play a key role in reproductive endocrinology and as pharmaceutical drugs for contraception and in combined hormone therapy. To further our understanding of progestin action in the mammary gland, an international symposium, attended by leading researchers from academia and industry, was held in Berlin, 21–23 March 2007. Genetic mouse models helped to elucidate the role of progestins, both in normal breast development and in disease. Mechanistic molecular studies inspired the design of new progestins with improved tissue selectivity. In addition, the clinical impact of progesterone receptor agonists and antagonists for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer was discussed.

Author: Malgorzata Gajewska
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Mammary gland is an organ, which undergoes the majority of its development in the postnatal life of mammals. The complex structure of the mammary gland comprises epithelial and myoepithelial cells forming the parenchymal tissue and adipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and infiltrating immune cell composing the stromal compartment. During puberty and in adulthood, circulating hormones released from the pituitary and ovaries regulate the rate of development and functional differentiation of the mammary epithelium. In addition, growing body of evidence shows that interactions between the stromal and parenchymal compartments of the mammary gland play a crucial role in mammogenesis. This regulation takes place on a paracrine level, by locally synthesized growth factors, adipokines, and cytokines, as well as via direct cell-cell interactions. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge about the complex nature of interactions between the mammary epithelium and stroma during mammary gland development in different mammalian species.

Author: Yuqian Zhou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 456

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Author: Mark Douglas Aupperlee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Breast
Languages : en
Pages : 396

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Author: Shibani Chakravorti
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 474

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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Our previous results have shown that the basement membrane (BM) regulated the expression and function of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERa) in mouse mammary epithelial cells. New results shown here indicate that the presence of lactogenic hormones was required for the regulatory effect of BM on ERa levels. We present evidence that cell adhesion to the BM components collagen-IV, through alpha 2 and beta 1 integrin subunits and laminin-l, through alpha 2, alpha 6 and beta 1 subunits are the relevant interactions responsible for transducing the signal of the BM that increases ERa expression. On the other hand, BM- induced changes in cell proliferation and cell morphology were not involved. Thus, the changes observed in ER expression and estrogenic effect when mammary epithelial cells are removed from the gland and placed in culture could be due to the disruption of the tissue organization and, in particular, to the lack of cell-matrix interactions on tissue culture plastic. Our system model could be useful to better understand the mechanisms involved in the regulation of ER expression and function during mammary gland development and breast tumor progression.

Author: Constance Clark Reese
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Androgens
Languages : en
Pages : 388

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