The Relevance of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and Economic Value Added (EVA) for the Valuation of Banks PDF Download
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Author: Dennis Schön
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638702618
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2003 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3 (A), Northumbria University (Newcastle Business School), language: English, abstract: This study investigates the underlying theories and assumptions of two modern capital market-based valuation approaches, the Discounted-Cash-Flow (DCF) and the Economic-Value-Added (EVA) approach, which are nowadays applied principally for industrial and manufacturing firms. This general examination is then transferred into a more specific investigation exploring whether these valuation concepts can be applied to the strongly regulated and more specific field of bank valuation. A questionnaire addressing bank analysts was created to analyse this question. The project indicates that the ideas of shareholder value which have been enforced over the last decade have implemented the need for a more shareholder-focused valuation. The application of DCF is basically attributed to this movement. It is revealed that this concept uses cash flow streams which depict a more realistic picture of an organization's true earning power. Moreover, it employs a discount rate based on the capital market and thus reflecting the yield expectations of the investors. EVA, on the other hand is a relatively new concept, copyrighted in 1994 by Stern Stewart. It highlights an organization's true economic profits. The study examines its components NOPAT, Capital and Cost of Capital, establishes a relation to DCF, points out some general limitations due to the fact that it falls back on accounting figures and critically assesses its dependence on the CAPM whose inherent assumptions of efficient markets that are not transferable into reality, might affect the valuation. The primary research undertaken finally reveals that the concepts of DCF and EVA are basically suitable to be applied to the valuation of banks. However, there are some peculiarities, primarily due to difficulties associated with the defin
Author: Dennis Schön
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638702618
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 76
Get Book Here
Book Description
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2003 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3 (A), Northumbria University (Newcastle Business School), language: English, abstract: This study investigates the underlying theories and assumptions of two modern capital market-based valuation approaches, the Discounted-Cash-Flow (DCF) and the Economic-Value-Added (EVA) approach, which are nowadays applied principally for industrial and manufacturing firms. This general examination is then transferred into a more specific investigation exploring whether these valuation concepts can be applied to the strongly regulated and more specific field of bank valuation. A questionnaire addressing bank analysts was created to analyse this question. The project indicates that the ideas of shareholder value which have been enforced over the last decade have implemented the need for a more shareholder-focused valuation. The application of DCF is basically attributed to this movement. It is revealed that this concept uses cash flow streams which depict a more realistic picture of an organization's true earning power. Moreover, it employs a discount rate based on the capital market and thus reflecting the yield expectations of the investors. EVA, on the other hand is a relatively new concept, copyrighted in 1994 by Stern Stewart. It highlights an organization's true economic profits. The study examines its components NOPAT, Capital and Cost of Capital, establishes a relation to DCF, points out some general limitations due to the fact that it falls back on accounting figures and critically assesses its dependence on the CAPM whose inherent assumptions of efficient markets that are not transferable into reality, might affect the valuation. The primary research undertaken finally reveals that the concepts of DCF and EVA are basically suitable to be applied to the valuation of banks. However, there are some peculiarities, primarily due to difficulties associated with the defin
Author: Joseph Tham
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0126860408
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 518
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Book Description
The authors strive to 'close the gap' between the two main approaches to cash flow valuation - from financial statements to cash flows, and from cash flows to financial statements - by presenting the principles in a clear and systematic fashion.
Author: Ronald E. Shrieves
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The paper assists the user of DCF methods by clearly setting forth the relationship of free-cash-flow (FCF) and economic value added (EVATM) concepts to each other and to the more traditional applications of DCF thinking. We follow others in demonstrating the equivalence between EVA and NPV, but our approach is more general in that it links the problems of security valuation, enterprise valuation, and investment project selection. Additionally, our approach relates more directly to use of standard financial accounting information. Beginning with cash budget identity, we show that the discounting of appropriately defined cash flows under the free-cash-flow valuation approach (FCF) is mathematically equivalent to the discounting of appropriately defined economic profits under the EVATM approach. The concept of net operating profit after-tax (NOPAT), found by adding after-tax interest payments to net profit after taxes, is central to both approaches, but there the computational similarities end. The FCF approach focuses on the periodic total cash flows obtained by deducting total net investment and adding net debt issuance to net operating cash flow, whereas the EVATM approach requires defining the periodic total investment in the firm. In a project valuation context, both FCF and EVATM are conceptually equivalent to NPV. Each approach necessitates a myriad of adjustments to the accounting information available for most corporations.
Author: Lutz Kruschwitz
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303037081X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
This open access book discusses firm valuation, which is of interest to economists, particularly those working in finance. Firm valuation comes down to the calculation of the discounted cash flow, often only referred to by its abbreviation, DCF. There are, however, different coexistent versions, which seem to compete against each other, such as entity approaches and equity approaches. Acronyms are often used, such as APV (adjusted present value) or WACC (weighted average cost of capital), two concepts classified as entity approaches. This book explains why there are several procedures and whether they lead to the same result. It also examines the economic differences between the methods and indicates the various purposes they serve. Further it describes the limits of the procedures and the situations they are best applied to. The problems this book addresses are relevant to theoreticians and practitioners alike.
Author: Ronald E. Shrieves
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The paper assists the user of DCF methods by clearly setting forth the relationship of free-cash-flow (FCF) and economic value added (EVATM) concepts to each other and to the more traditional applications of DCF thinking. We follow others in demonstrating the equivalence between EVA and NPV, but our approach is more general in that it links the problems of security valuation, enterprise valuation, and investment project selection. Additionally, our approach relates more directly to use of standard financial accounting information. Beginning with cash budget identity, we show that the discounting of appropriately defined cash flows under the free-cash-flow valuation approach (FCF) is mathematically equivalent to the discounting of appropriately defined economic profits under the EVATM approach. The concept of net operating profit after-tax (NOPAT), found by adding after-tax interest payments to net profit after taxes, is central to both approaches, but there the computational similarities end. The FCF approach focuses on the periodic total cash flows obtained by deducting total net investment and adding net debt issuance to net operating cash flow, whereas the EVATM approach requires defining the periodic total investment in the firm. In a project valuation context, both FCF and EVATM are conceptually equivalent to NPV. Each approach necessitates a myriad of adjustments to the accounting information available for most corporations.
Author: Lutz Kruschwitz
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470870451
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
Firm valuation is currently a very exciting topic. It is interesting for those economists engaged in either practice or theory, particularly for those in finance. The literature on firm valuation recommends logical, quantitative methods, which deal with establishing today's value of future free cash flows. In this respect firm valuation is identical with the calculation of the discounted cash flow, DCF. There are, however, different coexistent versions, which seem to compete against each other. Entity approach and equity approach are thus differentiated. Acronyms are often used, such as APV (adjusted present value) or WACC (weighted average cost of capital), whereby these two concepts are classified under entity approach. Why are there several procedures and not just one? Do they all lead to the same result? If not, where do the economic differences lie? If so, for what purpose are different methods needed? And further: do the known procedures suffice? Or are there situations where none of the concepts developed up to now delivers the correct value of the firm? If so, how is the appropriate valuation formula to be found? These questions are not just interesting for theoreticians; even the practitioner who is confronted with the task of marketing his or her results has to deal with it. The authors systematically clarify the way in which these different variations of the DCF concept are related throughout the book ENDORSEMENTS FOR LÖFFLER: DISCOUNTED 0-470-87044-3 "Compared with the huge number of books on pragmatic approaches to discounted cash flow valuation, there are remarkably few that lay out the theoretical underpinnings of this technique. Kruschwitz and Löffler bring together the theory in this area in a consistent and rigorous way that should be useful for all serious students of the topic." --Ian Cooper, London Business School "This treatise on the market valuation of corporate cash flows offers the first reconciliation of conventional cost-of-capital valuation models from the corporate finance literature with state-pricing (or 'risk-neutral' pricing) models subsequently developed on the basis of multi-period no-arbitrage theories. Using an entertaining style, Kruschwitz and Löffler develop a precise and theoretically consistent definition of 'cost of capital', and provoke readers to drop vague or contradictory alternatives." --Darrell Duffie, Stanford University "Handling firm and personal income taxes properly in valuation involves complex considerations. This book offers a new, precise, clear and concise theoretical path that is pleasant to read. Now it is the practitioners task to translate this approach into real-world applications!" --Wolfgang Wagner, PricewaterhouseCoopers "It is an interesting book, which has some new results and it fills a gap in the literature between the usual undergraduate material and the very abstract PhD material in such books as that of Duffie (Dynamic Asset Pricing Theory). The style is very engaging, which is rare in books pitched at this level." --Martin Lally, University of Wellington
Author: Gunnar Anger
Publisher: diplom.de
ISBN: 3832426027
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to discuss some important reasons for the recent boom of Internet stocks, and to show and assess different methods to evaluate them. The Internet is a medium which is yet in the early days of its development and which will revolutionize communication habits, trade and leisure time behavior in an unseen manner. I will show this in the chapters 2 and 3 with psychological reasons for the recent boom. After that I present 3 typical Internet companies (Yahoo!, eBay, and Amazon.com) with their business content, financial data, and future outlook. Afterwards, the analyzing part of this thesis starts, and I demonstrate which figures an investor should look at in order to have a broad overview about the investment. In chapter 5 I present some financial figures from both the income statement as well as the balance sheet, in chapter 6 I give a survey of ratios which are used from analysts and make some comments about how practical they are. Subsequently, chapter 7 deals with more traditional valuation methods, used by institutions like the Federal Bank of America. These are general methods in order to show whether markets are over-/ undervalued or not. After that, I present the valuation models used by investment banks: Economic Value Added (EVA, chapter 9), Discounted Cash Flow (DCF, chapter 10), Real options theory (chapter 11), and multiples (chapter 12). In the last part I summarize the outcome and give an outlook how Stock orders are based on expectations only. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of contents: 1.Introduction1 2.Day traders6 3.Principle of floating12 4.Presentation of 3 typical Internet companies: Yahoo!, eBay, and Amazon.com15 4.1Yahoo!16 4.1.1Business description16 4.1.2Financial data20 4.1.3The outlook24 4.2eBay26 4.2.1Business description26 4.2.2Financial data27 4.2.3The outlook29 4.3Amazon.com31 4.3.1Business description31 4.3.2Financial data34 4.3.3The outlook36 4.4Comparison eBay versus Amazon.com41 5.Financial figures to look at 5.1Income statement analysis45 5.1.1Sales45 5.1.2Gross margin46 5.1.3Operating expenses46 5.2Balance sheet analysis47 5.2.1Inventories47 5.2.2Cash position47 5.2.3Quality of the management48 5.2.4The competitive landscape50 5.2.5Market position50 6.Ratios51 6.1Return an marketing52 6.2Price earnings to growth52 6.3Price/earnings (P/E) ratios as a traditional method56 6.4Price/sales ratio57 6.5Debt/capital [...]
Author: David T. Larrabee
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118397436
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 628
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Book Description
Analysis and insights from top thought leaders on a pivotal topic in investing and asset management Valuation is the cornerstone for investment analysis, and a thorough understanding and correct application of valuation methodologies are critical for long-term investing success. Edited by two leading valuation experts from CFA Institute, this book brings together the insights and expertise of some of the most astute and successful investment minds of the past 50 years. From Benjamin Graham, the “father of value investing,” to Aswath Damodaran, you’ll learn what these investment luminaries have to say about investment valuation techniques, including earnings and cash flow analysis. Features the best thinking on valuation from the industry’s masters on the topic, supplemented with dozens of fascinating and instructive real-world examples Comprehensively discusses special valuation situations, such as real options, employee stock options, highly leveraged firms, corporate takeovers, and more Supplies you with the tools you need to successfully navigate and thrive in the ever-changing financial markets Is being produced with the full support and input of CFA Institute, the world’s leading association of investment professionals
Author: David Frykman
Publisher: Pearson UK
ISBN: 0273761188
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
‘Understanding valuation is relevant to everyone with an ambition in business. For us a Cevian Capital it is an absolutely critical skill. This book will take you there faster than any other in the field.’ Christer Gardell Former Partner McKinsey, Managing Partner and co-founder of Cevian Capital ‘A handy, accessible and well-written guide to valuation. The authors manage to capture the reader with high-level synthesis as well as more detailed insights in a great way.’ Anna Storakers Head of Group Strategy & Corporate Development, Nordea Bank AB, formerly with Goldman Sachs & Co and McKinsey & Co ”If you can envision the future value of a company you are a winner. Make this comprehensive and diligent book on corporate valuation your companion pursuing transactions and you will succeed.” Hans Otterling, Founding Partner, CEO Northzone Capital “Both in my previous position as an investment banker and today as an investor in high growth technology companies, corporate valuation has been a most critical subject. The Financial Times guide to Valuationserves as the perfect introduction to the subject and I recommend it to entrepreneurs as well as fellow private investors." Carl Palmstierna, former Partner Goldman Sachs, Business Angel ‘Not only will Financial Times Guide to Corporate Valuation provide you with the basic understanding of corporate valuation, it also gives you an interesting insight into non-operational challenges that companies will face. And it does it all in an unexpectedly efficient and reader friendly manner. If you want to learn the basics and only have a few hours to spare, invest them into reading this book!’ Daniel Hummel Head of Corporate Finance, Swedbank ‘In this highly accessible and reliable introduction to valuation, Messieurs Frykman and Tolleryd have succeeded in selecting only the essential building blocks in a topic that can otherwise be difficult to navigate. Indeed a guide, this book will prove handy to many of us and a breakthrough to some.’ Per Hedberg, Academic Director Stockholm School of Economics Russia ‘This book provides an accessible and informative entry point to the vast topic of valuation. The book covers mechanics as well as how value is linked to intangibles, growth opportunities and industry structure, all the way providing clear examples of every key idea. The authors understand value: they know what is useful, what is practical and what is critical, and give any reader great guidance to the challenge of getting values right.’ Bo Becker Assistant Professor Harvard Business School "I read Frykman & Tolleryds book on Corporate Valuation the first time in the late 90's - the book has not only thought me how to value investments, but also how important it is to focus on long term cashflow when building and leading an organization" Mikael Schiller Owner, Chairman, Acne Studios ‘The easy, no-nonsense approach to corporate valuation.’ Fiona McGuire, Corporate Finance Director FGS Understanding corporate valuation is crucial for all business people in today’s corporate world. No other measure can indicate as completely the current status as well as the future prospects of a company. The Financial Times Guide to Corporate Valuation is a quick, no-nonsense guide to a complex subject. Whether you’re a manager, executive, entrepreneur or student this comprehensive reading guide will help you tailor your learning according to your experience, existing knowledge and time constraints. Using the example of a fictional European telecommunications company, Mobitronics, as a model, it provides key insights into universal issues in corporate valuation and the most commonly used valuation methods. THE ONLY STRAIGHTFORWARD GUIDE TO CORPORATE VALUATION
Author: James L. Grant
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471234838
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Book Description
An updated look at the role of economic profit analysis in the process of wealth creation Grant explains the pivotal role of economic value added (EVA) in the theory of finance, how to measure EVA with standard accounting adjustments, how to use EVA to value companies and their stock, and how to use economic profit principles to identify wealth-creating firms, industries, and even market economies.
