The Relationship Between Racial Discrimination and Coping with Stress PDF Download
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Author: Mario V. Norman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Author: Mario V. Norman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
Author: Morgan Hurst
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Race-related stress has been found to impact the mental health of African Americans in literature. Three manuscripts were developed for this dissertation. The first is a critical literature review identifying the multiple pathways by which racism can affect mental health, and the current research addressing this problem is presented. Second, a quantitative study looking at what type of coping mechanisms African Americans use when dealing with race-related stress and how racial identity statuses impact these coping mechanisms?; The third manuscript addresses the research question, among the identified coping mechanisms, is there a relationship with psychological distress? The first manuscript is a critical literature review which discusses racism, race-related stress, and coping resources. The aim of the paper is to identify the multiple pathways by which racism can affect mental health and the current research addressing this problem. Initially, views of racism and race-related stress will be identified; theories for use of stress will be examined, and how racial identity status influences the perception of racism. In addition, individual strategies for coping with racism will be discussed, as well as major approaches to coping that have received sufficient research with regard to their effectiveness for mental and physical outcomes. The purpose of the first quantitative study was to examine the relationships among race-related stress, racial identity status, and coping resources in African Americans in a sample of 294 African American adults. Results indicated that avoidance coping and seeking social support predicted higher levels of race-related stress. Problem solving coping did not predict race-related stress. In addition, racial identity status (pre-encounter and immersion-emersion) predicted avoidance coping where racial identity status (internalization) predicted more problem solving coping behavior. The findings emphasize the need to recognize how racial identity status influence styles of coping in African Americans. Implications for mental health providers are discussed. The purpose of the second study was to examine the relationships between race-related stress, coping resources, and mental health in African Americans in a sample of 294 African American adults. Results indicated they were a predictor of psychological distress and well-being in African Americans. Specifically, the avoidance coping mechanism led to participants in the study experiencing more psychological distress when using this coping resource. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the results, which confirmed our hypothesis that mal-adaptive coping strategies predicted psychological distress. The findings emphasize the need to recognize how coping styles influence mental health in African Americans. Implications for mental health providers are discussed.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309165865
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
As the population of older Americans grows, it is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse. Differences in health by racial and ethnic status could be increasingly consequential for health policy and programs. Such differences are not simply a matter of education or ability to pay for health care. For instance, Asian Americans and Hispanics appear to be in better health, on a number of indicators, than White Americans, despite, on average, lower socioeconomic status. The reasons are complex, including possible roles for such factors as selective migration, risk behaviors, exposure to various stressors, patient attitudes, and geographic variation in health care. This volume, produced by a multidisciplinary panel, considers such possible explanations for racial and ethnic health differentials within an integrated framework. It provides a concise summary of available research and lays out a research agenda to address the many uncertainties in current knowledge. It recommends, for instance, looking at health differentials across the life course and deciphering the links between factors presumably producing differentials and biopsychosocial mechanisms that lead to impaired health.
Author: Paul T. P. Wong
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387262385
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 641
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The only book currently available that focuses and multicultural, cross-cultural and international perspectives of stress and coping A very comprehensive resource book on the subject matter Contains many groundbreaking ideas and findings in stress and coping research Contributors are international scholars, both well-established authors as well as younger scholars with new ideas Appeals to managers, missionaries, and other professions which require working closely with people from other cultures
Author: Renée Elizabeth Wilkins-Clark
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Racial and ethnic discrimination (RED) is a common experience in the lives of Black Americans (Anderson, 2019) with connections to mental health (i.e., distress, anxiety, and depression; Carden et al., 2021; Hart et al., 2021; Thomas Tobin & Moody, 2021). For decades, researchers have consistently demonstrated the utility of family stress models to examine stressor-related outcomes; however, only recently have family scientists integrated sociocultural context. These reconceptualized models either do not fully explain familial outcomes associated with mundane extreme environmental stress (MEES) or are difficult to test statistically which limits their applicability. Building off the contextual model of family stress (Boss et al., 2016; Boss, 2002), Study 1 introduced the Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Stress Model (RED-SM) and integrates tenants of Bronfenbrenner's (2005) ecological model, family systems theory (Kerr & Bowan, 1988), and Symbolic Interactionism (Blumer, 1969) and provided suggestions for its usage in family science with Black young adults. Study 2 tested this framework by examining the relationship between (RED), coping strategies, familial racial socialization (i.e., parent and sibling socialization), and mental health outcomes (i.e., depressive, anxiety, and stress symptomology) with a sample of 314 Black American young adults. Findings of this study demonstrated that family racial socialization significantly mediated the relationship between RED and mental health outcomes and was associated with lower levels of reported depressive and stress symptomology; however, coping strategy usage was associated with increases in these outcomes. Study 3 utilized the same sample to expand upon the findings of Study 2 and address gaps in the literature by directly testing the influence of sibling racial socialization on the relationship between RED and depressive, anxiety, and stress symptomology and examining the role of sibling closeness on the transmission of these racial socialization messages. The findings of this study demonstrated that sibling racial socialization significantly mediated the relationship between RED and depressive and stress symptomology in similar patterns to family socialization. Sibling closeness and dyadic characteristics (i.e., sibling gender and birth order) were associated with the transmission of sibling racial socialization messages to participants. Overall, findings of all three studies support the utility of the RED-SM to explore factors that can influence the relationship between RED encounters and their related outcomes and highlight how integral siblings are for the transmission of racial socialization and well-being. Additional research using the RED-SM and that explores family socialization, coping strategy usage, and sibling influences on racial socialization may help to inform practices and policy to: (a) decrease the likelihood that Black Americans will experience these events and (b) navigate these experiences with fewer negative consequences to mental health.
Author: Alvin N. Alvarez
Publisher: Cultural, Racial, and Ethnic P
ISBN: 9781433820953
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Introduction -- Theoretical and methodological foundations -- A theoretical overview of the impact of racism on people of color / Alex Pieterse and Shantel Powell -- Applying intersectionality theory to research on perceived racism / Jioni A. Lewis and Patrick R. Grzanka -- Improving the measurement of perceived racial discrimination : challenges and opportunities / David R. Williams -- Moderators and mediators of the experience of perceived racism / Alvin Alvarez, Christopher T.H. Liang, Carin Molenaar, and David Nguyen -- Context and costs -- Racism and mental health : examining the link between racism and depression from a social-cognitive perspective / Elizabeth Brondolo, Wan Ng, Kristy-Lee J. Pierre, and Robert Lane -- Racism and behavioral outcomes over the life course / Gilbert C. Gee and Angie Denisse Otiniano Verissimo -- Racism and physical health disparities / Joseph Keaweaimoku Kaholokula -- The impact of racism on education and the educational experiences of students of color / Adrienne D. Dixson, Dominique Clayton, Leah Peoples, and Rema Reynolds -- The costs of racism on workforce entry and work adjustment / Justin C. Perry and Lela L. Pickett -- The impact of racism on communities of color : historical contexts and contemporary issues / Azara L. Santiago Rivera, Hector Y. Adames, Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas, and Gregory Benson-Flórez -- Interventions and future directions -- Racial trauma recovery : a race-informed therapeutic approach to racial wounds / Lillian Comas-Díaz -- Critical race, psychology and social policy : refusing damage, cataloguing oppression, and documenting desire / Michelle Fine and William E. Cross -- Educational interventions for reducing racism / Elizabeth Vera, Daniel Camacho, Megan Polanin, and Manuel Salgado -- Toward a relevant psychology of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination : linking science and practice to develop interventions that work in community settings / Ignacio D. Acevedo-Polakovich, Kara L. Beck, Erin Hawks, and Sarah E. Ogdie
Author: Karyn R. Lacy
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520251164
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Author: Joseph R. Gibson
Publisher: Kitabu Publishing
ISBN: 9780998064550
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Please go to KitabuPublishing.com for information on more of our exciting titles!Racism is not over. "This system of Whites as dominant and people of color as subordinated" that we all, as Americans, live in "has become so ingrained in our society that it is virtually invisible," explained Sheri Schmidt," but it certainly exists. Racism creates events and experiences that are uniquely negative, ambiguous, unpredictable, and uncontrollable for its victims. Hence, "racism is stressful." Moreover, to quote Nia Heard-Garris, "racism is a pervasive stressor." Racism is a normative experience for people in color in this country and, therefore, a pervasive stressor. Contemporary racism can be experienced as systemic, individual, institutional, cultural, unconscious, aversive, everyday, anticipated, perceived, internalized, or microevents, which radically increases the probability and regularity of experiencing it in some form as a stressor (i.e., causes racism-related stress). "Being Black in a racist society is stressful," noted Danielle Williams. Existing in a "social environment in which Black Americans bear the stigma burden of their racial group while White Americans are allowed to view themselves as individuals" is stressful, explained Margaret Hicken et al. Having to deal with, possibly to some degree on a daily basis, the negative assumptions and expectations now associated with being Black in America is stressful. Enduring "unequal life experiences and chances based on the socially constructed racial group membership categories" being "woven into our social structure and institutions" is stressful. Being Black in America makes us uniquely, highly, and constantly vulnerable to experiencing race-based stress. Race-based stress describes a particular response to personally relevant encounters, events, evaluations, expectations, and experiences most likely to be negative and/or negating (i.e., dangerous, difficult, dehumanizing, or disappointing) primarily, but oftentimes ambiguously, because we are Black in America. Our response typically lacks the resources and capacity to effectively deal with (i.e., reduce, minimize, stop, or tolerate) the negativity and/or negation caused by these race-based encounters, events, evaluations, or experiences, which makes it stressful.Conversely, racism-related stress is stress specifically triggered by experiencing some form of racism or racist behavior, inclusive of any act of racial discrimination, hostility, violence, exclusion, inequality, or injustice perceived or experienced as somehow threatening. "Racism embedded in American society and enacted by individuals, institutions, and systems can act as a chronic or life event stressor for Blacks," concluded Deidre Franklin-Jackson and Robert Carter.Chronic stress "over time, can cause damage that leads to premature death," noted Patricia Celan. Any type of stress causes the release of cortisol, a hormone designed to enable the brain to elevate blood sugar and pressure levels in order to enhance our ability to respond to danger. However, with chronic stress there is so much cortisol constantly being produced that it becomes toxic and creates a significantly higher risk of serious health issues including stroke, heart attack, diabetes, and cancer." Apparently, Steven Kniffley was terribly accurate in concluding that the "stress of being Black is literally killing us." However, it doesn't have to continue killing us. We could live healthier, longer if we had less of this stress in our lives. That's why practicing proactive stress-reducing interventions and evidence-informed coping strategies is so important, as opposed to simply maintaining a victim mentality in which we choose tolerating over preventing our own demise.
Author: Joe R. Feagin, Texas A&M University
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN: 1461608376
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
What is it like to be a black person in America today? The voices of middle class African Americans captured in this book will surprise those who think the era of racial discrimination is past. The Many Costs of Racism is a vivid account of the mental, physical health, and economic effects of everyday racism for Black Americans—and of racism's high costs for all Americans. Drawing on well documented studies, it vividly portrays the damage done to individuals, families, and communities by stress from workplace discrimination. It shows the strong connection between discrimination and health problems, describing these as “costs” above and beyond the economic trials of discrimination. The book is an ideal text, accessible to students in sociology, law, psychology, and medicine.
Author: Gordon W. Allport
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Prejudices
Languages : en
Pages : 537
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