The Relation Between Group-level Characteristics and Group Cohesion PDF Download
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Author: Mikael Salo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Finland
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
This research examined the differences in cohesion among platoons in the Finnish conscript service and the relations between platoon cohesion and an array of outcome criteria. Data were collected from records and by questionnaires given to 514 platoon members in 21 platoons near the end of their 6 to 12 months of conscript training. Results showed that mean expected and rated performance, mental state, sense of personal growth, social skills aptitude, attitudes toward refresher training and national defense, and good conduct were related overall to strong platoon mean perceived cohesion. Platoon size was not significantly related to cohesion. The different cohesion components (peer, leader, organizational, and institutional bonding) were related differently to various predictor and outcome variables.
Author: Mikael Salo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Finland
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
This research examined the differences in cohesion among platoons in the Finnish conscript service and the relations between platoon cohesion and an array of outcome criteria. Data were collected from records and by questionnaires given to 514 platoon members in 21 platoons near the end of their 6 to 12 months of conscript training. Results showed that mean expected and rated performance, mental state, sense of personal growth, social skills aptitude, attitudes toward refresher training and national defense, and good conduct were related overall to strong platoon mean perceived cohesion. Platoon size was not significantly related to cohesion. The different cohesion components (peer, leader, organizational, and institutional bonding) were related differently to various predictor and outcome variables.
Author: Mikael Salo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Finland
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
This research examined the differences in cohesion among platoons in the Finnish conscript service and the relations between platoon cohesion and an array of outcome criteria. Data were collected from records and by questionnaires given to 514 platoon members in 21 platoons near the end of their 6 to 12 months of conscript training. Results showed that mean expected and rated performance, mental state, sense of personal growth, social skills aptitude, attitudes toward refresher training and national defense, and good conduct were related overall to strong platoon mean perceived cohesion. Platoon size was not significantly related to cohesion. The different cohesion components (peer, leader, organizational, and institutional bonding) were related differently to various predictor and outcome variables.
Author: Laurel W. Oliver
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Unit cohesion (Military science)
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
"The Army's increasing interest in group cohesion has led to increased research effort in that area. This report describes an effort to integrate the cohesion performance research that employed real world groups using a meta- analytic approach. Tukey's (1977) stem and leaf display was used to display the data. The median effect size (product-moment correlation coefficient) for the data. The median effect size (product-moment correlation coefficient) for the 14 codable studies was .36, and the unweighted mean r was .42. When study effect sizes were weighted by the number of groups involved, the mean became .32. Rosenthal and Rubin's (1982) Binomial Effect Size Display (BESD) demonstrated that a correlation of .32 increases success rate (high performance) from 34 percent to 66 percent when cohesion is increased from low (below median) to high (above median). Although these findings are problematical because of the very small number of codable studies, as well as the conceptual and methodological problems associated with the cohesion performance research, higher levels of cohesion would seem to be very desirable for real world groups such as Army units." -- Abstract.
Author: John M Levine
Publisher: SAGE Publications
ISBN: 1452261504
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1049
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Book Description
Over the past 75 years there has been a tremendous amount of theoretical and empirical research on group processes and intergroup relations by scholars in various disciplines. The Encyclopedia of Group Processes and Intergroup Relations is a reflection of the growing integration of what were formerly two distinct approaches. With approximately 300 entries, the two volumes of this encyclopedia cover concepts ranging from conformity to diversity and from small group interaction to intergroup relations on a global scale. Key Features Examines the major criteria used by researchers to define groups Conveys what behavioral scientists know and theorize about how people think, feel, and act when responding to ingroup and outgroup members Discusses perspectives on what happens within groups and between groups Key Themes Cognitions and Feelings Conflict and Cooperation Within Groups Group Decision Making Group Performance and Problem Solving Group Structure Identity and Self Influence and Persuasion Intergroup Relations in Society Methodology Organizations Theory Types of Groups and Subgroups
Author: John Bruhn
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 144190364X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
Sociologists and anthropologists have had a long interest in studying the ways in which cultures shaped different patterns of health, disease, and mortality. Social scientists have documented low rates of chronic disease and disability in non-Western societies and have suggested that social stability, cultural homogeneity and social cohesion may play a part in explaining these low rates. On the other hand, in studies of Western societies, social scientists have found that disease and mortality assume different patterns among various ethnic, cultural and social-economic groups. The role of stress, social change and a low degree of cohesion have been suggested, along with other factors as contributing to the variable rates among different social groups. Social cohesion has been implicated in the cause and recovery from both physical and psychological illnesses. Although there has been a large amount of work established the beneficial effects of cohesion on health and well-being, relatively little work has focused on HOW increased social cohesion sustains or improves health. This work is based on the premise that there are risk factors, including social cohesion that regulate health and disease in groups. One of the challenges is how to measure social cohesion – it can be readily observed and experienced but difficult to quantify. A better understanding of how social cohesion works will be valuable to improving group-level interventions.
Author: Shane R. Thye
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780762308989
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
The "Advances in Group Processes" series publishes theoretical analyses, reviews and theory-based empirical chapters on group phenomena. Volume 19 includes papers that address fundamental issues of solidarity, cohesion and trust. Chapter one shows how solidarity is a consequence of group-level phenomena (competition) and individual level phenomena (similarity). The second chapter examines solidarity among injection drug users, showing that the cohesion and solidarity of drug users are patterned by principles of collective action. The next two chapters integrate extant theories to provide new insights. Chapter three integrates principles of social exchange, status organizing processes and game theory to theorize solidarity; while chapter four shows how research on emotions can explain solidarity in status-differentiated groups. Two chapters then review and analyse long-standing programmes of research on cohesion and trust. Chapter five reviews a decade of growth for the theory of relational cohesion, showing how emotions lead to cohesion and commitment. Chapter six analyses how learning and social control can produce trust in networks of varying size. The final two chapters examine processes that are often neglected in the production of solidarity and cohesion. Chapter seven analyses group loyalty as a function of intra- and inter-personal factors. Chapter eight examines how relatively subtle features of speech arrangements can either maintain or disrupt solidarity. Overall, the volume includes papers that reflect a wide range of theoretical approaches to solidarity and contributions by scholars that work in the general area of group processes.
Author: Philip M. Podsakoff
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190880260
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 625
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Book Description
The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Citizenship Behavior provides a broad and interdisciplinary review of state-of-the-art research on organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), and related constructs such as contextual performance, spontaneous organizational behavior, prosocial behavior, and proactive behavior in the workplace. Contributors address the conceptualization and measurement of OCBs; the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of these behaviors; and the methodological issues that are common when studying OCBs. In addition, this handbook pushes future scholarship in this and related areas by identifying substantive questions, methods, and issues for future research. The result is a single resource that will inform and inspire scholars, students, and practitioners of the origins of this construct, the current state of research on this topic, and potentially exciting avenues for future exploration. This handbook is designed to meet the needs of a broad spectrum of researchers and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in a variety of disciplines including management, organizational behavior, human resources management, and industrial and organizational psychology, as well as those interested in studying citizenship behavior in a variety of organizational contexts including marketing, nursing, engineering, sports, and education.
Author: Laurel W. Oliver
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
The Army's increasing interest in group cohesion has led to increased research effort in that area. This report describes an effort to integrate the cohesion performance research that employed real world groups using a meta- analytic approach. Tukey's (1977) stem and leaf display was used to display the data. The median effect size (product-moment correlation coefficient) for the data. The median effect size (product-moment correlation coefficient) for the 14 codable studies was .36, and the unweighted mean r was .42. When study effect sizes were weighted by the number of groups involved, the mean became .32. Rosenthal and Rubin's (1982) Binomial Effect Size Display (BESD) demonstrated that a correlation of .32 increases success rate (high performance) from 34 percent to 66 percent when cohesion is increased from low (below median) to high (above median). Although these findings are problematical because of the very small number of codable studies, as well as the conceptual and methodological problems associated with the cohesion performance research, higher levels of cohesion would seem to be very desirable for real world groups such as Army units.
Author: Steve M. Jex
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471219053
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 554
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Book Description
A comprehensive treatment of the science and practice of organizational psychology Following a scientist-practitioner model, Organizational Psychology explores the practical implications of the current research in the field, expertly integrating multicultural and international issues. Beginning with a foundation of research methodology, author Steve Jex examines the behavior of individuals in organizational settings. Drawing on his experiences as a consultant and educator, he uses actual cases to illustrate workplace issues, offering balanced coverage of such key topics as occupational stress, motivation, and corporate culture. Also presented is unique information on research methods and the use of statistics in understanding organizations. With an emphasis on applying theory and research in practice, Jex explores the mechanisms that organizations use to influence employees' behavior, addressing the major motivation theories in organizational psychology. Readers will discover how psychological models can be used to improve employee morale, productivity, and quality of service. The focus then shifts from the individual to the group level-an important distinction given the increased reliance on teams in many organizations. Jex identifies the factors that have the greatest impact on group effectiveness and examines the dynamics underlying intergroup behavior. Finally, he moves to the organization ("macro") level, revealing a variety of ways in which organizations engage in planned change with the assistance of behavioral science knowledge.
Author: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Military research
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
