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Author: Judith M. Tanur
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN: 1610445260
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
The social survey has become an essential tool in modern society, providing crucial measurements of social change, describing social life, and guiding government policy. But the validity of surveys is fragile and depends ultimately upon the accuracy of answers to survey questions. As our dependence on surveys grows, so too have questions about the accuracy of survey responses. Authored by a group of experts in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and survey research, Questions About Questions provides a broad review of the survey response problem. Examining the cognitive and social processes that influence the answers to questions, the book first takes up the problem of meaning and demonstrates that a respondent must share the survey researcher's intended meaning of a question if the response is to be revealing and informative. The book then turns to an examination of memory. It provides a framework for understanding the processes that can introduce errors into retrospective reports, useful guidance on when those reports are more or less trustworthy, and investigates techniques for the improvement of such reports. Questions about the rigid standardization imposed on the survey interview receive a thorough airing as the authors show how traditional survey formats violate the usual norms of conversational behavior and potentially endanger the validity of the data collected. Synthesizing the work of the Social Science Research Council's Committee on Cognition and Survey Research, Questions About Questions emphasizes the reciprocal gains to be achieved when insights and techniques from the cognitive sciences and survey research are exchanged. "these chapters provide a good sense of the range of survey problems investigated by the cognitive movement, the methods and ideas it draws upon, and the results it has yielded." —American Journal of Sociology
Author: Judith M. Tanur
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN: 1610445260
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Get Book Here
Book Description
The social survey has become an essential tool in modern society, providing crucial measurements of social change, describing social life, and guiding government policy. But the validity of surveys is fragile and depends ultimately upon the accuracy of answers to survey questions. As our dependence on surveys grows, so too have questions about the accuracy of survey responses. Authored by a group of experts in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and survey research, Questions About Questions provides a broad review of the survey response problem. Examining the cognitive and social processes that influence the answers to questions, the book first takes up the problem of meaning and demonstrates that a respondent must share the survey researcher's intended meaning of a question if the response is to be revealing and informative. The book then turns to an examination of memory. It provides a framework for understanding the processes that can introduce errors into retrospective reports, useful guidance on when those reports are more or less trustworthy, and investigates techniques for the improvement of such reports. Questions about the rigid standardization imposed on the survey interview receive a thorough airing as the authors show how traditional survey formats violate the usual norms of conversational behavior and potentially endanger the validity of the data collected. Synthesizing the work of the Social Science Research Council's Committee on Cognition and Survey Research, Questions About Questions emphasizes the reciprocal gains to be achieved when insights and techniques from the cognitive sciences and survey research are exchanged. "these chapters provide a good sense of the range of survey problems investigated by the cognitive movement, the methods and ideas it draws upon, and the results it has yielded." —American Journal of Sociology
Author: Saeedeh Momtazi
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031165527
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
This book provides a coherent and complete overview of various Question Answering (QA) systems. It covers three main categories based on the source of the data that can be unstructured text (TextQA), structured knowledge graphs (KBQA), and the combination of both. Developing a QA system usually requires using a combination of various important techniques, including natural language processing, information retrieval and extraction, knowledge graph processing, and machine learning. After a general introduction and an overview of the book in Chapter 1, the history of QA systems and the architecture of different QA approaches are explained in Chapter 2. It starts with early close domain QA systems and reviews different generations of QA up to state-of-the-art hybrid models. Next, Chapter 3 is devoted to explaining the datasets and the metrics used for evaluating TextQA and KBQA. Chapter 4 introduces the neural and deep learning models used in QA systems. This chapter includes the required knowledge of deep learning and neural text representation models for comprehending the QA models over text and QA models over knowledge base explained in Chapters 5 and 6, respectively. In some of the KBQA models the textual data is also used as another source besides the knowledge base; these hybrid models are studied in Chapter 7. In Chapter 8, a detailed explanation of some well-known real applications of the QA systems is provided. Eventually, open issues and future work on QA are discussed in Chapter 9. This book delivers a comprehensive overview on QA over text, QA over knowledge base, and hybrid QA systems which can be used by researchers starting in this field. It will help its readers to follow the state-of-the-art research in the area by providing essential and basic knowledge.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Military bases
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services. Subcommittee on Military Construction
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Military bases
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Author: Army Library (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Military bases, American
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Subcommittee for Special Investigations
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Military base closures
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Author: European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 160750605X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1184
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Book Description
LC copy bound in 2 v.: v. 1, p. 1-509; v. 2, p. [509]-1153.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Government Operations
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Strikes and lockouts
Languages : en
Pages : 720
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Author: John R. Jacobs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Flight crews
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Subcommittee on Military Installations and Facilities
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Military bases
Languages : en
Pages : 614
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Book Description
