Author: Peter J. Mittler
Publisher: Methuen Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 906
Book Description
The Psychological Assessment of Mental and Physical Handicaps
Author: Peter J. Mittler
Publisher: Methuen Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 906
Book Description
Publisher: Methuen Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 906
Book Description
Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309370930
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 233
Book Description
The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two disability programs: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), for disabled individuals, and their dependent family members, who have worked and contributed to the Social Security trust funds, and Supplemental Security Income (SSSI), which is a means-tested program based on income and financial assets for adults aged 65 years or older and disabled adults and children. Both programs require that claimants have a disability and meet specific medical criteria in order to qualify for benefits. SSA establishes the presence of a medically-determined impairment in individuals with mental disorders other than intellectual disability through the use of standard diagnostic criteria, which include symptoms and signs. These impairments are established largely on reports of signs and symptoms of impairment and functional limitation. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination considers the use of psychological tests in evaluating disability claims submitted to the SSA. This report critically reviews selected psychological tests, including symptom validity tests, that could contribute to SSA disability determinations. The report discusses the possible uses of such tests and their contribution to disability determinations. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination discusses testing norms, qualifications for administration of tests, administration of tests, and reporting results. The recommendations of this report will help SSA improve the consistency and accuracy of disability determination in certain cases.
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309370930
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 233
Book Description
The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two disability programs: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), for disabled individuals, and their dependent family members, who have worked and contributed to the Social Security trust funds, and Supplemental Security Income (SSSI), which is a means-tested program based on income and financial assets for adults aged 65 years or older and disabled adults and children. Both programs require that claimants have a disability and meet specific medical criteria in order to qualify for benefits. SSA establishes the presence of a medically-determined impairment in individuals with mental disorders other than intellectual disability through the use of standard diagnostic criteria, which include symptoms and signs. These impairments are established largely on reports of signs and symptoms of impairment and functional limitation. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination considers the use of psychological tests in evaluating disability claims submitted to the SSA. This report critically reviews selected psychological tests, including symptom validity tests, that could contribute to SSA disability determinations. The report discusses the possible uses of such tests and their contribution to disability determinations. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination discusses testing norms, qualifications for administration of tests, administration of tests, and reporting results. The recommendations of this report will help SSA improve the consistency and accuracy of disability determination in certain cases.
Psychological Evaluation of the Developmentally and Physically Disabled
Author: Jean-Pierre Fouque
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489919953
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 337
Book Description
The past decade has witnessed a considerable upsurge of clinical and research interest in the problems of developmentally and physically the fields of psychology, disabled persons. Indeed, professionals from special education, rehabilitation, psychiatry, and social work have all directed attention to the development and implementation of evaluation and remedial programs. The heightened activity in this area is in part a result of early assessment research with these popUlations, which provided preliminary evidence of difficulties in social and emotional adjustment in many disabled individuals. In response to these findings, many intervention efforts have been implemented to deal with these issues and improve the life situation of the disabled. Also, there were indications that developmentally and physically disabled children often were deprived of adequate educations. As a result, legal and legislative initiatives have been enacted in recent years to make public education available to all students irrespective of disability. Central to all therapeutic and psychoeducational endeavors with the disabled is psychological evaluation. Only through careful and com prehensive psychological evaluation can areas of deficit as well as strengths be identified. Once treatment targets and goals have been ascertained, psychological evaluation is needed to determine the efficacy of intervention strategies. However, the field of psychological evalua tion, in general, and with disabled persons, in particular, has become highly specialized. This is largely a function of the changing roles of psychological evaluators.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489919953
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 337
Book Description
The past decade has witnessed a considerable upsurge of clinical and research interest in the problems of developmentally and physically the fields of psychology, disabled persons. Indeed, professionals from special education, rehabilitation, psychiatry, and social work have all directed attention to the development and implementation of evaluation and remedial programs. The heightened activity in this area is in part a result of early assessment research with these popUlations, which provided preliminary evidence of difficulties in social and emotional adjustment in many disabled individuals. In response to these findings, many intervention efforts have been implemented to deal with these issues and improve the life situation of the disabled. Also, there were indications that developmentally and physically disabled children often were deprived of adequate educations. As a result, legal and legislative initiatives have been enacted in recent years to make public education available to all students irrespective of disability. Central to all therapeutic and psychoeducational endeavors with the disabled is psychological evaluation. Only through careful and com prehensive psychological evaluation can areas of deficit as well as strengths be identified. Once treatment targets and goals have been ascertained, psychological evaluation is needed to determine the efficacy of intervention strategies. However, the field of psychological evalua tion, in general, and with disabled persons, in particular, has become highly specialized. This is largely a function of the changing roles of psychological evaluators.
Functional Assessment for Adults with Disabilities
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309489385
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 445
Book Description
The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) provides disability benefits through the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs. To receive SSDI or SSI disability benefits, an individual must meet the statutory definition of disability, which is "the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity [SGA] by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months." SSA uses a five-step sequential process to determine whether an adult applicant meets this definition. Functional Assessment for Adults with Disabilities examines ways to collect information about an individual's physical and mental (cognitive and noncognitive) functional abilities relevant to work requirements. This report discusses the types of information that support findings of limitations in functional abilities relevant to work requirements, and provides findings and conclusions regarding the collection of information and assessment of functional abilities relevant to work requirements.
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309489385
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 445
Book Description
The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) provides disability benefits through the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs. To receive SSDI or SSI disability benefits, an individual must meet the statutory definition of disability, which is "the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity [SGA] by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months." SSA uses a five-step sequential process to determine whether an adult applicant meets this definition. Functional Assessment for Adults with Disabilities examines ways to collect information about an individual's physical and mental (cognitive and noncognitive) functional abilities relevant to work requirements. This report discusses the types of information that support findings of limitations in functional abilities relevant to work requirements, and provides findings and conclusions regarding the collection of information and assessment of functional abilities relevant to work requirements.
Clinician's Guide to Psychological Assessment and Testing
Author: John M. Spores, PhD, JD
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826199879
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 449
Book Description
"Overall, this is an excellent guide to the use and administration of psychological tests. It provides straightforward directions and instructions on how to utilize testing in such a way as to better inform clinical practice. I could see this book as a mainstay on any counselorís bookshelf, especially those who are seeking a way to utilize standardized testing in their practice."--The Professional Counselor Journal ìFinally, a detailed and crystal clear guide to psychological assessment that effectively integrates 'best practices' with the realities of negotiating the mental health care system and insurance providers. I plan to draw on this practical guide in my private practice and to incorporate it as a required text in my advanced counseling assessment classes at both the masterís and doctoral level. This book is a treasure for any mental health professional involved in psychological assessment.î Joseph G. Ponterotto, PhD Professor of Counseling Psychology, Fordham University Standardized psychological testing is often essential for reliably determining the presence of a wide range of psychiatric and personality disorders, along with effectively addressing related issues that may require a psychological referral. This nuts-and-bolts guide to conducting efficient and accurate psychological testing in clinical settings provides mental health professionals with experienced guidance in the entire process, and includes a complete set of forms and templates for all aspects of assessment and testing, from the initial referral and diagnostic interview to the final report. Based on the authorís experience with over two thousand psychological and neuropsychological testing cases, this highly practical book presents a standardized process of assessment, testing, interpretation, report-writing, and presenting feedback to patients, family members, and other professionals. Actual case examples of patients from a wide age range illustrate the assessment and testing process in action. The text provides printed and electronic versions of referral and related forms, initial psychological assessment report templates that include critical areas of coverage for obtaining insurance approval, and interpretation tables for an exceptional inventory of key standardized psychological tests. Integral to the book is a review of psychological tests in seven key categories that most effectively address differential diagnostic dilemmas and related referral questions that clinicians are likely to encounter in practice. It also provides effective strategies for selecting the appropriate tests based on the particular diagnostic questions, guidance for successfully obtaining insurance approval for a targeted yet feasible number of testing hours, and an efficient system for simultaneous test interpretation and report writing. Key Features: Includes an overview of the assessment process, from the initial referral to completion of the final report Features effective reviews of commonly used tests, including neuropsychological, intelligence, personality, and behavioral inventories Includes print and digital templates and forms for all phases of assessment and testing Aids clinicians in both private practice and other health care settings to work within managed care and be effectively reimbursed for services Includes information on conducting forensic competency to stand trial assessments, including the authorís new measure of assessing a defendantís understanding of the legal system
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826199879
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 449
Book Description
"Overall, this is an excellent guide to the use and administration of psychological tests. It provides straightforward directions and instructions on how to utilize testing in such a way as to better inform clinical practice. I could see this book as a mainstay on any counselorís bookshelf, especially those who are seeking a way to utilize standardized testing in their practice."--The Professional Counselor Journal ìFinally, a detailed and crystal clear guide to psychological assessment that effectively integrates 'best practices' with the realities of negotiating the mental health care system and insurance providers. I plan to draw on this practical guide in my private practice and to incorporate it as a required text in my advanced counseling assessment classes at both the masterís and doctoral level. This book is a treasure for any mental health professional involved in psychological assessment.î Joseph G. Ponterotto, PhD Professor of Counseling Psychology, Fordham University Standardized psychological testing is often essential for reliably determining the presence of a wide range of psychiatric and personality disorders, along with effectively addressing related issues that may require a psychological referral. This nuts-and-bolts guide to conducting efficient and accurate psychological testing in clinical settings provides mental health professionals with experienced guidance in the entire process, and includes a complete set of forms and templates for all aspects of assessment and testing, from the initial referral and diagnostic interview to the final report. Based on the authorís experience with over two thousand psychological and neuropsychological testing cases, this highly practical book presents a standardized process of assessment, testing, interpretation, report-writing, and presenting feedback to patients, family members, and other professionals. Actual case examples of patients from a wide age range illustrate the assessment and testing process in action. The text provides printed and electronic versions of referral and related forms, initial psychological assessment report templates that include critical areas of coverage for obtaining insurance approval, and interpretation tables for an exceptional inventory of key standardized psychological tests. Integral to the book is a review of psychological tests in seven key categories that most effectively address differential diagnostic dilemmas and related referral questions that clinicians are likely to encounter in practice. It also provides effective strategies for selecting the appropriate tests based on the particular diagnostic questions, guidance for successfully obtaining insurance approval for a targeted yet feasible number of testing hours, and an efficient system for simultaneous test interpretation and report writing. Key Features: Includes an overview of the assessment process, from the initial referral to completion of the final report Features effective reviews of commonly used tests, including neuropsychological, intelligence, personality, and behavioral inventories Includes print and digital templates and forms for all phases of assessment and testing Aids clinicians in both private practice and other health care settings to work within managed care and be effectively reimbursed for services Includes information on conducting forensic competency to stand trial assessments, including the authorís new measure of assessing a defendantís understanding of the legal system
Resources for Nursing Research
Author: Cynthia Clamp
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 1847877362
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 432
Book Description
′The 4th edition of this extensive text is an outstanding resource prepared by nurses (and a librarian) for nurses. In a structured and helpful style it presents thousands of items from the literature - published papers, reports, books and electronic resources - as a clear, accessible, and most of all useful collection. The efforts to signpost and lead the reader to the sought-for information are effective and well-conceived, and the "How to use this book" section is remarkably simple...the book should be found in every nursing and health library, every research institute and centre, and close to many career researchers′ desks′ - RCN Research This latest edition of Resources for Nursing Research provides a comprehensive bibliography of sources on nursing research, and includes references for books, journal papers and Internet resources. Designed to act as a ′signpost′ to available literature in the area, this Fourth Edition covers the disciplines of nursing, health care and the social sciences. Entries are concise, informative and accessible, and are arranged under three main sections: · ′Sources of Literature′ covers the process of literature searching, including using libraries and other tools for accessing literature · ′Methods of Inquiry′ includes an introduction to research, how to conceptualize and design nursing and health research, measurement and data collection, and the interpretation and presentation of data · ′The Background to Research in Nursing′ encompasses the development of nursing research; the profession′s responsibilities; the role of government; funding; research roles and careers; and education for research. Fully revised and updated, the Fourth Edition includes just under 3000 entries, of which 90% are new. It has extensive coverage of US, UK literature and other international resources. This new edition will be an essential guide for all those with an interest in nursing research, including students, teachers, librarians, practitioners and researchers.
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 1847877362
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 432
Book Description
′The 4th edition of this extensive text is an outstanding resource prepared by nurses (and a librarian) for nurses. In a structured and helpful style it presents thousands of items from the literature - published papers, reports, books and electronic resources - as a clear, accessible, and most of all useful collection. The efforts to signpost and lead the reader to the sought-for information are effective and well-conceived, and the "How to use this book" section is remarkably simple...the book should be found in every nursing and health library, every research institute and centre, and close to many career researchers′ desks′ - RCN Research This latest edition of Resources for Nursing Research provides a comprehensive bibliography of sources on nursing research, and includes references for books, journal papers and Internet resources. Designed to act as a ′signpost′ to available literature in the area, this Fourth Edition covers the disciplines of nursing, health care and the social sciences. Entries are concise, informative and accessible, and are arranged under three main sections: · ′Sources of Literature′ covers the process of literature searching, including using libraries and other tools for accessing literature · ′Methods of Inquiry′ includes an introduction to research, how to conceptualize and design nursing and health research, measurement and data collection, and the interpretation and presentation of data · ′The Background to Research in Nursing′ encompasses the development of nursing research; the profession′s responsibilities; the role of government; funding; research roles and careers; and education for research. Fully revised and updated, the Fourth Edition includes just under 3000 entries, of which 90% are new. It has extensive coverage of US, UK literature and other international resources. This new edition will be an essential guide for all those with an interest in nursing research, including students, teachers, librarians, practitioners and researchers.
Thinking Globallly Acting Locally
Author: Peter Mittler
Publisher: AuthorHouse
ISBN: 1452041032
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 463
Book Description
This unusual book is more than just the memoir of a distinguished career. It is a history of the twentieth century reflected in the life and work of one individual. It begins in 1938 with a year in the life of an eight year old Viennese Jewish boy as he experiences the worst and best of humanity, from Nazi persecution to rescue by strangers through the Kindertransports. It tells of his encounters with an English schooling system at its worst and best and of his formative years. But this is not a story of one person’s liberation. That little refugee boy grew up to contribute to the liberation of hundreds of thousands of people world-wide. Influenced by his own early experiences, Peter Mittler has spent a lifetime committed to the human rights of people with intellectual disabilities. From their liberation from the big institutions left over from the nineteenth century, to their inclusion in shaping the 2008 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, it tells the story of a dynamic and powerful human rights movement. It is perhaps the last great untold story, the story of how persons with intellectual disabilities finally gained the right to respect, value and autonomy and of the long struggle for schooling, access to work and their own front door key. This memoir weaves professional memories and accounts of collaboration across the global village with anecdotes and travellers’ tales to reflect a global perspective from someone who was there at every twist and turn, working with families, teachers, researchers, governments and self-advocates for over 60 years to influence legislation and drive lasting reform. EXTRACTS FROM BOOK REVIEWS Dame Phillipa Russell (from foreword) Socrates is reputed to have said that each generation produces a very small number of 'hero innovators' who change the way in which society values its citizens. For me and for many others, Peter Mittler is indeed one of those 'hero innovators', radically changing both national and international attitudes towards people with intellectual and other disabilities and their families. Duncan Mitchell British Journal of Learning Disabilities Peter Mittler is one of the giants of learning disability in the second half of the twentieth century. It is rare to find such a wonderfully understated page turner. Ingrid Lunt, Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs The book succeeds in going far beyond an autobiography… is easy to read, and carries the reader through with the strong narrative. Paul Williams Community Living What an incredibly full and constructive life! The book is very well written and highly readable. David Mitchell, International Journal of Disability, Development and Education Peter Mittler has the happy knack of being able to synthesise disparate material in an interesting manner, with an eye to the broader philosophical context. This book is a fitting summation of one man’s personal journey to address inequalities, particularly as they apply to those among us who have disabilities. Chris Cullen, History of Psychology and Philosophy This is a fascinating book, which chronicles the life journey of Peter Mittler, a leading exponent of evidence-based services and social inclusion for people with intellectual impairments. More than this, though, it is a history of the slow and often halting progress which has been made in the United Kingdom and throughout the
Publisher: AuthorHouse
ISBN: 1452041032
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 463
Book Description
This unusual book is more than just the memoir of a distinguished career. It is a history of the twentieth century reflected in the life and work of one individual. It begins in 1938 with a year in the life of an eight year old Viennese Jewish boy as he experiences the worst and best of humanity, from Nazi persecution to rescue by strangers through the Kindertransports. It tells of his encounters with an English schooling system at its worst and best and of his formative years. But this is not a story of one person’s liberation. That little refugee boy grew up to contribute to the liberation of hundreds of thousands of people world-wide. Influenced by his own early experiences, Peter Mittler has spent a lifetime committed to the human rights of people with intellectual disabilities. From their liberation from the big institutions left over from the nineteenth century, to their inclusion in shaping the 2008 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, it tells the story of a dynamic and powerful human rights movement. It is perhaps the last great untold story, the story of how persons with intellectual disabilities finally gained the right to respect, value and autonomy and of the long struggle for schooling, access to work and their own front door key. This memoir weaves professional memories and accounts of collaboration across the global village with anecdotes and travellers’ tales to reflect a global perspective from someone who was there at every twist and turn, working with families, teachers, researchers, governments and self-advocates for over 60 years to influence legislation and drive lasting reform. EXTRACTS FROM BOOK REVIEWS Dame Phillipa Russell (from foreword) Socrates is reputed to have said that each generation produces a very small number of 'hero innovators' who change the way in which society values its citizens. For me and for many others, Peter Mittler is indeed one of those 'hero innovators', radically changing both national and international attitudes towards people with intellectual and other disabilities and their families. Duncan Mitchell British Journal of Learning Disabilities Peter Mittler is one of the giants of learning disability in the second half of the twentieth century. It is rare to find such a wonderfully understated page turner. Ingrid Lunt, Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs The book succeeds in going far beyond an autobiography… is easy to read, and carries the reader through with the strong narrative. Paul Williams Community Living What an incredibly full and constructive life! The book is very well written and highly readable. David Mitchell, International Journal of Disability, Development and Education Peter Mittler has the happy knack of being able to synthesise disparate material in an interesting manner, with an eye to the broader philosophical context. This book is a fitting summation of one man’s personal journey to address inequalities, particularly as they apply to those among us who have disabilities. Chris Cullen, History of Psychology and Philosophy This is a fascinating book, which chronicles the life journey of Peter Mittler, a leading exponent of evidence-based services and social inclusion for people with intellectual impairments. More than this, though, it is a history of the slow and often halting progress which has been made in the United Kingdom and throughout the
Overcoming Exclusion
Author: Peter J. Mittler
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 041550418X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 274
Book Description
Professor Peter Mittler brings together nineteen of his key writings in one place, including chapters from his best-selling books and articles from leading journals which give a flavour of the impact or controversy they aroused.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 041550418X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 274
Book Description
Professor Peter Mittler brings together nineteen of his key writings in one place, including chapters from his best-selling books and articles from leading journals which give a flavour of the impact or controversy they aroused.
Neuropsychological Assessment
Author: Muriel Deutsch Lezak
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195090314
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1048
Book Description
The 12 chapters in the second section contain nearly all of the tests and assessment techniques covered in the previous editions plus many additional ones, including newly developed neuropsychological tests, tests from other branches of psychology, research techniques that have only recently been introduced into clinical neuropsychology, tests originating in Europe and elsewhere, and a few measures - as yet untried by neuropsychology - that appear to be potentially useful for neuropsychological purposes. Thus, the third edition of Neuropsychological Assessment maintains its multipurpose functions as an authoritative textbook, reference work, and practitioner's manual.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195090314
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1048
Book Description
The 12 chapters in the second section contain nearly all of the tests and assessment techniques covered in the previous editions plus many additional ones, including newly developed neuropsychological tests, tests from other branches of psychology, research techniques that have only recently been introduced into clinical neuropsychology, tests originating in Europe and elsewhere, and a few measures - as yet untried by neuropsychology - that appear to be potentially useful for neuropsychological purposes. Thus, the third edition of Neuropsychological Assessment maintains its multipurpose functions as an authoritative textbook, reference work, and practitioner's manual.
Assessment of Young Developmentally Disabled Children
Author: Theodore D. Wachs
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475793065
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 428
Book Description
Our knowledge of the cognitive and social-emotional functioning of developmentally disabled infants and preschoolers derives, in large part, from our assessment of such children. This book has been developed to familiarize readers with the characteristics of developmentally disabled children, and to introduce to readers aspects of measurement that are of relevance to the assessment of atypical infants and preschoolers. The book has been developed with clinicians and prospective clinicians in mind. These are individuals who are committed to the care and education of developmentally disabled infants and preschoolers and the families of those children. The book has thus been written to provide support for the use of assessment data in planning early interven tion programs. Of special note in the development of this edited book is that it is divided into four major parts with interrelated chapters in each part. The authors of chapters in Parts II and III had access to the chapters in Part I before writing their chapters. The summary chap ters found in Part IV were similarly written by authors having access to all chapters in Parts I-III. This approach to the development of an edited book was chosen as a way of ensuring an integration of major concepts throughout the book. This process is also a reflection of our belief that assessment is an interdisciplinary process, involving the syn thesis of a number of diverse interests.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475793065
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 428
Book Description
Our knowledge of the cognitive and social-emotional functioning of developmentally disabled infants and preschoolers derives, in large part, from our assessment of such children. This book has been developed to familiarize readers with the characteristics of developmentally disabled children, and to introduce to readers aspects of measurement that are of relevance to the assessment of atypical infants and preschoolers. The book has been developed with clinicians and prospective clinicians in mind. These are individuals who are committed to the care and education of developmentally disabled infants and preschoolers and the families of those children. The book has thus been written to provide support for the use of assessment data in planning early interven tion programs. Of special note in the development of this edited book is that it is divided into four major parts with interrelated chapters in each part. The authors of chapters in Parts II and III had access to the chapters in Part I before writing their chapters. The summary chap ters found in Part IV were similarly written by authors having access to all chapters in Parts I-III. This approach to the development of an edited book was chosen as a way of ensuring an integration of major concepts throughout the book. This process is also a reflection of our belief that assessment is an interdisciplinary process, involving the syn thesis of a number of diverse interests.