The Prime Task Effect [microform] : an Investigation of Semantic Vs. Associative Priming and the Activation Blocking Account PDF Download
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Author: Natalie Alvina Kacinik
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN: 9780612308008
Category : Paired-association learning
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
A consistent finding in the semantic priming literature is that performing a letter search on the prime eliminates the facilitation usually obtained in the standard lexical decision task. This phenomenon has been explained in terms of both a drawing away of attention from the word to the letter level, and an "activation block" at the lexical-semantic interface. In the present experiment it was asked whether this effect varies as a function of the type of prime-target relationship; specifically, whether prime letter search has differential effects for unassociated semantically related pairs high in featural similarity (e.g., SPARROW-ROBIN), than for stimulus pairs associatively related but very low in terms of shared semantic features (e.g., HAYSTACK-NEEDLE). In Experiment 1, prime task (reading or letter search) was manipulated between subjects, while type of relatedness (associative versus semantic) was manipulated within subjects. Results indicated a significant decrease in the facilitation for the semantically related pairs in the letter search condition, but no change in the priming effect for the associative pairs. On the basis of association norms collected for our primes, it was found that most of our associated pairs did not seem to be strongly associated for our subjects (Experiment 2). For Experiment 3 new associated pairs were created based on the norms and prime task was manipulated using a within subjects design. The priming effect obtained in the standard priming condition was significantly reduced but not eliminated in the letter search condition. Findings are discussed in the context of the lexical-semantic distinction and the activation blocking account.
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Author: Natalie Alvina Kacinik
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN: 9780612308008
Category : Paired-association learning
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Get Book Here
Book Description
A consistent finding in the semantic priming literature is that performing a letter search on the prime eliminates the facilitation usually obtained in the standard lexical decision task. This phenomenon has been explained in terms of both a drawing away of attention from the word to the letter level, and an "activation block" at the lexical-semantic interface. In the present experiment it was asked whether this effect varies as a function of the type of prime-target relationship; specifically, whether prime letter search has differential effects for unassociated semantically related pairs high in featural similarity (e.g., SPARROW-ROBIN), than for stimulus pairs associatively related but very low in terms of shared semantic features (e.g., HAYSTACK-NEEDLE). In Experiment 1, prime task (reading or letter search) was manipulated between subjects, while type of relatedness (associative versus semantic) was manipulated within subjects. Results indicated a significant decrease in the facilitation for the semantically related pairs in the letter search condition, but no change in the priming effect for the associative pairs. On the basis of association norms collected for our primes, it was found that most of our associated pairs did not seem to be strongly associated for our subjects (Experiment 2). For Experiment 3 new associated pairs were created based on the norms and prime task was manipulated using a within subjects design. The priming effect obtained in the standard priming condition was significantly reduced but not eliminated in the letter search condition. Findings are discussed in the context of the lexical-semantic distinction and the activation blocking account.
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Timothy P. McNamara
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135432546
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
Semantic priming has been a focus of research in the cognitive sciences for more than thirty years and is commonly used as a tool for investigating other aspects of perception and cognition, such as word recognition, language comprehension, and knowledge representations. Semantic Priming: Perspectives from Memory and Word Recognition examines empirical and theoretical advancements in the understanding of semantic priming, providing a succinct, in-depth review of this important phenomenon, framed in terms of models of memory and models of word recognition. The first section examines models of semantic priming, including spreading activation models, the verification model, compound-cue models, distributed network models, and multistage activation models (e.g. interactive-activation model). The second section examines issues and findings that have played an especially important role in testing models of priming and includes chapters on the following topics: methodological issues (e.g. counterbalancing of materials, choice of priming baselines); automatic vs. strategic priming; associative vs. “pure” semantic priming; mediated priming; long-term semantic priming; backward priming; unconscious priming; the prime-task effect; list context effects; effects of word frequency, stimulus quality, and stimulus repetition; and the cognitive neuroscience of semantic priming. The book closes with a summary and a discussion of promising new research directions. The volume will be of interest to a wide range of researchers and students in the cognitive sciences and neurosciences.
Author: Sachiko Kinoshita
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135432198
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 461
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Book Description
Masked priming has a short and somewhat controversial history. When used as a tool to study whether semantic processing can occur in the absence of conscious awareness, considerable debate followed, mainly about whether masked priming truly tapped unconscious processes. For research into other components of visual word processing, however - in particular, orthographic, phonological, and morphological - a general consensus about the evidence provided by masked priming results has emerged. This book contains thirteen original chapters in which these three components of visual word processing are examined using the masked priming procedure. The chapters showcase the advantages of masked priming as an alternative to more standard methods of studying language processing that require comparisons of matched items. Based on a recent conference, this book offers up-to-date research findings, and would be valuable to researchers and students of word recognition, psycholinguistics, or reading.
Author: Gloria Marmolejo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Author: Mika Koivisto
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789512913404
Category : Cerebral dominance
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Author: Joseph Denard Thomas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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The present study sought to investigate the extent to which masked semantic priming is an automatic process and whether its effects vary depending upon the type of stimuli used. Recent studies have shown that there is a differential priming effect for prime-target pairs with different types of semantic relationships. Here, using a semantic categorization task with masked priming, we compared the effects of synonym, antonym, and associatively related non-exemplar prime-target pairs when presented at different stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). Participants took a prime visibility posttest in conjunction with the categorization task which served as a measure of"partial awareness"of the prime. The results here indicate that differences in perceptual awareness may produce differential semantic priming patterns across the semantic relationships and SOAs considered. Potential mechanisms for this divergence are proposed.
Author: Glen Edward Bodner
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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In several experiments, masked repetition priming in the lexical decision task was greater when prime validity, defined as the proportion of repetition versus unrelated primes, was high (.8 vs. .2), even though primes were displayed for only 45 or 60 ms. A similar effect was also found with masked semantic primes. Prime validity effects are not predicted on a lexical entry-opening account of masked priming nor are they consistent with the use of prime validity effects as a marker for the consciously controlled use of primes. Instead, it is argued that episodic traces are formed even for masked primes, are available as a resource that can aid word identification, and are generally more likely to be recruited when their validity is high. However, prime validity effects did not obtain when targets varied markedly from trial to trial in how easy they were to process. Here, it appears that trial-to-trial discrepancies made the lexical decision task more difficult, causing an increase in prime recruitment, at least when prime validity was low. Consistent with this claim, prime validity effects emerged when these trial-to-trial discrepancies were minimized.
Author: Chung-I Erica Su
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 137
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Recently, semantic priming has been used to argue for a close semantic relationship between verbs and their typical participant role fillers (Ferretti, et al., 2001; McRae, et al., 2005). This suggests that verbs automatically provide more situational knowledge than is typically assumed in many linguistic frameworks (see Elman, 2009 for discussion). Moreover, it would provide a mechanism for how some linguistic and real-world knowledge can be rapidly coordinated to immediately guide on-line language parsing and interpretation. However, it has yet to be conclusively demonstrated that the semantic priming results reported by Ferretti et al. are due to automatic activation. They may instead be due to strategic processes. In this study, I attempt to answer three questions. First, was the instrument priming effect observed by Ferretti et al. and in Experiment 1 of this dissertation (which was a direct replication of Ferretti et al. 's instrument priming study) the consequence of automatic activation of typical instrument role fillers by instrument verbs? The results of Experiments 2-3, which employed experimental paradigms that are argued to be immune to strategic influences, suggest that Ferretti et al. 's instrument priming effects was not due to automatic activation of typical instrument role fillers by instrument verbs. The second question is: Was the instrument priming effect observed by Ferretti et al. and in the replication (Experiment 1) influenced by strategic processes? The results of Experiments 4a-c, which employed baseline primes that were unlikely to contribute to any instrument expectation strategy, all showed that the magnitude of instrument priming obtained in Experiment 1, was significantly reduced when unrelated instrument verb primes that contributed to strategy formation were replaced with more neutral primes. These results clearly indicate that the instrument priming effect observed by Ferretti et al. was not due to automatic processes, but instead was due to the use of two response strategies that were promoted by the confluence of task and materials variables. The results of Experiments 5a-b and Experiment 6 provide evidence for this claim. The results reported on in this dissertation are important theoretically because they undermine the representational and processing claims of one widely-cited view of verb participant role information, namely the verb-specific concepts theory (e. g., Ferretti, et al., 2001). According to the verb-specific concepts view, verbs and their typical participant role fillers overlap in representations, and hence recognition of verbs should automatically activate their typical participant role fillers, and vice versa. Because this view has been used to support sentence processing theories (e. g., Elman, 2009), the results reported in this dissertation have implications for both the organization of lexical semantic representations and sentence processing. Additionally, the experiments in this dissertation make a number of methodological contributions. Among these contributions is that they provide a direct comparison of three types of neutral baseline for semantic priming studies. The results of the neutral baseline experiments show that these three baselines are roughly comparable. These experiments also delineate a set of factors commonly present in semantic priming studies that promote the development and use of response strategies.
Author: Bianca de Wit
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Priming (Psychology)
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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The research presented in this thesis examined the assumption of automaticity of semantic priming effects, through the manipulation of the proportion of related prime-target pairs (relatednesss proportion, RP), prime visibility (masked vs. unmasked), and type of task (lexical decision vs. semantic categorization). In addition to the analysis of mean RT, the effect of these three manipulations on the RT distribution was also examined.
