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Author: Mary Jean Bowman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education and state
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Book Description
Both theoretically and in empirical applications to three countries (Chile, France and Malaysia), this study addresses distributive and investment issues in public subsidization of higher education. First, using alternative criteria to characterize users' and payers' populations, we challenge conventional short-term methods of assessing the incidence of subsidies and subsidy-tax balances in the perspective of families of origin. With a shift of focus from a family-of-origin distributive perspective to an investment perspective, private social (societal) and fiscal benefit-cost relationships are compared and contrasted. Particular attention is given to the specification and application of an analytical framework for estimation of fiscal rates of return to public investments in higher education. Each of the countries studied expresses support of such broadly stated values as "equity," "efficiency," and "economic progress," but their relative emphasis varies, and each country is distinctive in its manifestation of these goals. The empirical findings show a high degree of consistency between dominant political expressions of value priorities and public policies in three countries
Author: Mary Jean Bowman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education and state
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Book Description
Both theoretically and in empirical applications to three countries (Chile, France and Malaysia), this study addresses distributive and investment issues in public subsidization of higher education. First, using alternative criteria to characterize users' and payers' populations, we challenge conventional short-term methods of assessing the incidence of subsidies and subsidy-tax balances in the perspective of families of origin. With a shift of focus from a family-of-origin distributive perspective to an investment perspective, private social (societal) and fiscal benefit-cost relationships are compared and contrasted. Particular attention is given to the specification and application of an analytical framework for estimation of fiscal rates of return to public investments in higher education. Each of the countries studied expresses support of such broadly stated values as "equity," "efficiency," and "economic progress," but their relative emphasis varies, and each country is distinctive in its manifestation of these goals. The empirical findings show a high degree of consistency between dominant political expressions of value priorities and public policies in three countries
Author: John Sommer
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 135148642X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
The Academy in Crisis is a provocative contribution to an important debate....The costs of goverment support for American universities are not negligible. They include stress on some of the core values of universities and of science-vaules like openness, collaboration, and collegiality-and pressure, too, on other central institutional responsibilities, such as the education of undergradutes. Robert M. Rosenzweig, former president, Association of American Universities.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Julian L. Garritzmann
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN: 9783319806853
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 319
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Book Description
This book analyzes the political economy of higher education finance across a range of OECD countries, exploring why some students pay extortionate tuition fees whilst for others their education is free. What are the redistributional consequences of these different tuition-subsidy systems? Analysing the variety of existing systems, Garritzmann shows that across the advanced democracies “Four Worlds of Student Finance” exist. Historically, however, all countries’ higher education systems looked very much alike in the 1940s. The book develops a theoretical model, the Time-Sensitive Partisan Theory, to explain why countries have evolved from a similar historical starting point to today’s very distinct Four Worlds. The empirical analyses combine a wide variety of qualitative and quantitative evidence, studying higher education policies in all advanced democracies from 1945-2015.
Author: Mark Gradstein
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1205145559
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Public provision of education has often been perceived as universal and egalitarian, but in reality it is not. Political pressure typically results in incidence bias in favor of the rich. The author argues that the bias in political influence resulting from extreme income inequalities is particularly likely to generate an incidence bias, which we call social exclusion. This may then lead to a feedback mechanism whereby inequality in the incidence of public spending on education breeds higher income inequality, thus generating multiple equilibria: with social exclusion and high inequality; and with social inclusion and relatively low inequality. The author also shows that the latter equilibrium leads to higher long-run growth than the former. An extension of the basic model reveals that spillover effects among members of social groups differentiated by race or ethnicity may reinforce the support for social exclusion.
Author: Philipp Lergetporer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Public preferences for charging tuition are important for determining higher education finance. To test whether public support for tuition depends on information and design, we devise several survey experiments in representative samples of the German electorate (N>19,500). The electorate is divided, with a slight plurality opposing tuition. Providing information on the university earnings premium raises support for tuition by 7 percentage points, turning the plurality in favor. The opposition-reducing effect persists two weeks after treatment. Information on fiscal costs and unequal access does not affect public preferences. Designing tuition as deferred income-contingent payments raises support by 16 percentage points, creating a strong majority favoring tuition. The same effect emerges when framed as loan payments. Support decreases with higher tuition levels and increases when targeted at non-EU students.
Author: William E. Becker Jr.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401129509
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 350
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Book Description
Postsecondary educational institutions in the United States are facing increasing financial stress and waning public support. Unless these trends can be changed, higher education can be expected to stagnate. What, if anything, can be done? As a starting point, advocates of higher education need to more fully recognize the issues associated with the economic mission of higher education and how this mission gets translated into individual student gains, regional growth, and social equity. This requires an understanding of the relationship between the outcomes of higher education and measures of economic productivity and well-being. This volume addresses topics related to the role of postsecondary education in microeconomic development within the United States. At tention is given to the importance of colleges and universities 'in the enhancement of individual students and in the advancement of the com munities and states within which they work. Although several of the chapters in this volume are aimed at research/teaching universities, much of what is presented throughout can be generalized to all of postsecondary education. Little attention, however, is given to the role of higher education in the macroeconomic development of the United States; this topic is covered in our related book, American Higher Education and National Growth.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
Author: William E. Becker Jr.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401581673
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
After decades of effortless growth and prosperity, America's postsecondary institutions of education have come under increasing financial stress and waning public support. In part, this stress reflects a slowdown in the real rate of national economic growth and the loss of federal and state revenues for education generally. It also reflects a trend of state legislatures simply giving higher education an ever lower ranking on the list of funding priorities. Postsecondary educational institutions in the United States will continue to face increasing financial stress and waning public support as critics question the contribution of higher education to economic growth, which historically has been a major rationale for funding. Unless the trends in education financing can be changed, higher edu cation can be expected to stagnate. What, if anything, can be done? As a starting point, advocates of higher education need to more fully recognize the important ways in which higher education influences technological change and also is influenced by that change. As demonstrated by the chapters in this book, higher education is not a neutral or passive player in economic growth. This volume addresses topics related to the role of postsecondary education in national economic development within the United States.
Author: Natasha Quadlin
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN: 161044910X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Americans now obtain college degrees at a higher rate than at any time in recent decades in the hopes of improving their career prospects. At the same time, the rising costs of an undergraduate education have increased dramatically, forcing students and families to take out often unmanageable levels of student debt. The cumulative amount of student debt reached nearly $1.5 trillion in 2017, and calls for student loan forgiveness have gained momentum. Yet public policy to address college affordability has been mixed. While some policymakers support more public funding to broaden educational access, others oppose this expansion. Noting that public opinion often shapes public policy, sociologists Natasha Quadlin and Brian Powell examine public opinion on who should shoulder the increasing costs of higher education and why. Who Should Pay? draws on a decade’s worth of public opinion surveys analyzing public attitudes about whether parents, students, or the government should be primarily responsible for funding higher education. Quadlin and Powell find that between 2010 and 2019, public opinion has shifted dramatically in favor of more government funding. In 2010, Americans overwhelming believed that parents and students were responsible for the costs of higher education. Less than a decade later, the percentage of Americans who believed that federal or state/local government should be the primary financial contributor has more than doubled. The authors contend that the rapidity of this change may be due to the effects of the 2008 financial crisis and the growing awareness of the social and economic costs of high levels of student debt. Quadlin and Powell also find increased public endorsement of shared responsibility between individuals and the government in paying for higher education. The authors additionally examine attitudes on the accessibility of college for all, whether higher education at public universities should be free, and whether college is worth the costs. Quadlin and Powell also explore why Americans hold these beliefs. They identify individualistic and collectivist world views that shape public perspectives on the questions of funding, accessibility, and worthiness of college. Those with more individualistic orientations believed parents and students should pay for college, and that if students want to attend college, then they should work hard and find ways to achieve their goals. Those with collectivist orientations believed in a model of shared responsibility – one in which the government takes a greater level of responsibility for funding education while acknowledging the social and economic barriers to obtaining a college degree for many students. The authors find that these belief systems differ among socio-demographic groups and that bias – sometimes unconscious and sometimes deliberate – regarding race and class affects responses from both individualistic and collectivist-oriented participants. Public opinion is typically very slow to change. Yet Who Should Pay? provides an illuminating account of just how quickly public opinion has shifted regarding the responsibility of paying for a college education and its implications for future generations of students.
