The Parisian Order of Barristers and the French Revolution PDF Download
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Author: Michael P. Fitzsimmons
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674654648
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
This investigation not only revises what historians have long thought of the attitude of barristers toward the French Revolution, but also offers insights into the corporate character of Old Regime society and how the Revolution affected it. Fitzsimmons's study suggests that many propertied commoners during the Revolution were not politically engaged, that they were not necessarily associated with a party or cause simply because of their place within a set of social relationships.
Author: Michael P. Fitzsimmons
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674654648
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
This investigation not only revises what historians have long thought of the attitude of barristers toward the French Revolution, but also offers insights into the corporate character of Old Regime society and how the Revolution affected it. Fitzsimmons's study suggests that many propertied commoners during the Revolution were not politically engaged, that they were not necessarily associated with a party or cause simply because of their place within a set of social relationships.
Author: Gary Kates
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 9780415358323
Category : Civilization, Modern
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Collating key texts at the forefront of new research and interpretation, this updated second edition adds new articles on the Terror and race/colonial issues, and studies all aspects of this major event, from its origins through to its consequences.
Author: Richard Mowery Andrews
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521361699
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 642
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Book Description
The first of two volumes centred around the two great courts of eighteenth-century Paris.
Author: Michael P. Fitzsimmons
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139485938
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 301
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Book Description
From Artisan to Worker examines the largely overlooked debate over the potential reestablishment of guilds that occurred from 1776 to 1821. The abolition of guilds in 1791 overturned an organization of labor that had been in place for centuries. The disorder that ensued - from concerns about the safety of the food supply to a general decline in the quality of goods - raised strong doubts about their abolition and sparked a debate both inside and outside of government that went on for decades. The issue of the reestablishment of guilds, however, subsequently became intertwined with the growing mechanization of production. Under the Napoleonic regime, the government considered several projects to restore guilds in a large-scale fashion, but the counterargument that guilds could impede mechanization prevailed. After Bonaparte's fall, the restored Bourbon dynasty was expected to reorganize guilds, but its sponsorship of an industrial exhibition in 1819 signaled its endorsement of mechanization, and after 1821 there were no further efforts to restore guilds during the Restoration.
Author: Ted W. Margadant
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691230889
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 527
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Book Description
The reordering of France into a new hierarchy of administrative and judicial regions in 1791 unleashed an intense rivalry among small towns for seats of authority, while raising vital issues for the vast majority of the French population. Here Ted Margadant tells a lively story of the process of politicization: magistrates, lawyers, merchants, and other townspeople who petitioned the National Assembly not only boasted of their own communities and denigrated rival towns, but also adopted revolutionary slogans and disseminated new political ideas and practices throughout the countryside. The history of this movement offers a unique vantage point for analyzing the regional context of town life and the political dynamics of bourgeois leadership during the French Revolution. Margadant explores the institutional crisis of the old regime that brought about the reordering, considers the rhetoric and politics of space in the first year of the Revolution, and examines the fate of small towns whose districts and law courts were suppressed. Combining descriptive narrative with statistical analysis and computer mapping, he reveals the important consequences of the new hierarchy for the urban development of France in the post-Revolutionary era.
Author: Tracey Rizzo
Publisher: Susquehanna University Press
ISBN: 9781575910871
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
"Best-selling court cases in eighteenth-century France provide ample evidence of a certain emancipation of women. Certain in the sense of tentative, qualified: women won their cases in surprising numbers yet were represented by their lawyers via limiting stereotypes. Certain also in the sense of sure: lawyers and editors contributed to a liberatory moment, particularly in the two decades leading up to the radical phase of the French Revolution, in which late eighteenth-century constructions of female citizenship offered virtuous women, regardless of rank or even race, "strategic possibilities" for establishing modern identities - defined as self-creating, autonomous, and capable of moral judgment and reason." "Few scholars have attempted to demonstrate the means by which representations both reflect and transform the lives of historical actors. This study offers a rare opportunity to glimpse that intersection as the causes celebres contain representations and lived experience, fact and fiction." "Lawyers and editors called for the liberation of women from tyrannical fathers, abusive husbands, public opinion, and even oppressive laws, like that maintaining the stigma of illegitimacy, in the dozens of seductions, separations, rapes, and infanticides on which this study is based."--Jacket.
Author: Timothy Tackett
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400864313
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
Here Timothy Tackett tests some of the diverse explanations of the origins of the French Revolution by examining the psychological itineraries of the individuals who launched it--the deputies of the Estates General and the National Assembly. Based on a wide variety of sources, notably the letters and diaries of over a hundred deputies, the book assesses their collective biographies and their cultural and political experience before and after 1789. In the face of the current "revisionist" orthodoxy, it argues that members of the Third Estate differed dramatically from the Nobility in wealth, status, and culture. Virtually all deputies were familiar with some elements of the Enlightenment, yet little evidence can be found before the Revolution of a coherent oppositional "ideology" or "discourse." Far from the inexperienced ideologues depicted by the revisionists, the Third Estate deputies emerge as practical men, more attracted to law, history, and science than to abstract philosophy. Insofar as they received advance instruction in the possibility of extensive reform, it came less from reading books than from involvement in municipal and regional politics and from the actions and decrees of the monarchy itself. Before their arrival in Versailles, few deputies envisioned changes that could be construed as "Revolutionary." Such new ideas emerged primarily in the process of the Assembly itself and continued to develop, in many cases, throughout the first year of the Revolution. Originally published in 1996. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Author: Lucien Karpik
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780198265719
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
Lucien Karpik presents, in contrast to market-oriented understandings of lawyers in England and the United States, a radically different interpretation of lawyers' action in society which has politics at its core. Based on the French experience from 1274 until 1994, this book stimulates areappraisal of lawyers' collective action in English-speaking countries as well as on the Continent. In a unique and lively combination of history and sociology, the book follows the evolution of French lawyers from the birth of the bar to the present day. Their history encompasses three different forms of the profession and three distinct types of lawyers. The 'State bar', which existed in theremote past, was based on individual navigation between the courts of justice and the royal court. The 'Public' or 'Classical bar', which lasted from the end of the seventeenth century to the middle of the twentieth century, was centered around politics and as a result became one of the builders ofthe liberal State. Finally, contemporary lawyers are increasingly dominated by the 'Business bar', and their practices form the basis of a systematic study of the market, hierarchy, work, sociability and self-government. The author advances and tests a wide range of new theories: on collegial power; on collective action, by explaining how a profession can become a lasting political movement or a how weak political actor can become a ruling elite; on the state and intermediate groups; on professional markets, byproposing an 'economics of quality' in place of neoclassical economics. He also presents creative perspectives on lawyers' stratification and sociability. Through the vivid presentation of a singular case, and the blending of qualitative and quantitative methods, this book develops an original perspective in socio-legal studies and historical sociology. It also makes important contributions to the sociology of professions, to the study of collectiveaction, and to economic and political sociology.
Author: Michael P. Fitzsimmons
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190644559
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
As the tricolor rose over revolutionary France, language, with its ability to define ideals and allegiances, was both a threat to authority and weapon to be wielded. In the early years of the Republic, the Académie Française, the royal body responsible for the French language, was suppressed by the National Convention at the urging of the Abbé Grégoire and the artist Jacques-Louis David. However, by 1795, the National Convention recognized that language could be used to its advantage, leading it to commission a fifth edition of the Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, which would unquestionably become the most controversial edition in the Académie's history. The National Convention expected this dictionary to champion the ideals of Revolution and Republic, but when it appeared three years later it did quite the opposite. Instead, the fifth edition virtually ignored the Revolution and the linguistic innovations that had transformed the French language, even omitting two of the most famous and enduring neologisms spawned by the Revolution--ancien régime and Terror. Present-tense definitions of abolished institutions and anachronistic values dominated the work and the Revolution was consigned to a brief and hastily-prepared supplement at the end of the second volume. Because of its failure to capture the current state of the French language, most contemporaries judged it harshly, and its deficiencies led the Parisian publisher Nicolas Moutardier to publish a competing dictionary in 1802. The dictionary became the focus of protracted litigation that Napoleon Bonaparte's government increasingly used to assert its control over language. Indeed, Bonaparte met personally with the commission of the Institut National (the republican successor to the Académie) and made clear his desire that the new edition not contain revolutionary neologisms. Eager to see the new edition appear, the Bonapartist regime committed financial resources and established a timetable for its completion within five years. However, it was only in 1835, after the fall of Bonaparte and the Bourbons, that the sixth edition would appear. Although the Académie was one of the most prominent institutions under the Old Regime, scholarship on the Académie remains largely neglected. Drawing on previously untapped sources in the Archives de l'Institut and Archives Nationales, The Place of Words is the first book-length study of the controversial fifth edition of the Dictionnaire de l'Académie française. Spanning more than half a century of changing regimes, this study provides unique insight into the ways in which each government, from the publication of the fourth edition in 1762 to the sixth in 1835, viewed the role of language as an instrument of control.
Author: Dena Goodman
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 9780801481741
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Goodman chronicles the story of the Republic of Letters from its earliest formation through major periods of change: the production of the Encyclopedia, the proliferation of a print culture that widened circles of readership beyond the control of salon governance, and the early years of the French Revolution.
