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Author: Huixia Yang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832528678
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
Author: Huixia Yang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832528678
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 241
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Omry Koren
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128180986
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
The Human Microbiome in Early Life: Implications to Health and Disease presents recent research advances that have highlighted the significance of early life, possibly beginning before birth, in the establishment of both the microbiome and its role in health and disease. The book reviews current knowledge on the origins of the human microbiota in early life, presents exposures which may disturb normal microbial colonization, and covers their implications to the risk of disease. Finally, emerging means to modify the early human microbiome to improve health are discussed. Examines the timeline of the human microbiome, from before conception to infancy, with an emphasis on clinical implications Evaluates the effort to understand not only the composition but also the origin of the microbiome Proves the emerging means to modify the human microbiome and particularly ‘the first 1000 days of life’ improve human health and prevent disease Generates resources to facilitate characterization of the human microbiota to further our understanding of how the microbiome impacts human health and disease
Author: B. Koletzko
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3318026913
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 349
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Book Description
There is no other time in life when the provision of adequate and balanced nutrition is of greater importance than during infancy and childhood. During this dynamic phase characterized by rapid growth, development and developmental plasticity, a sufficient amount and appropriate composition of nutrients both in health and disease are of key importance for growth, functional outcomes such as cognition and immune response, and the metabolic programming of long-term health and well-being. This compact reference text provides concise information to readers who seek quick guidance on practical issues in the nutrition of infants, children and adolescents. After the success of the first edition, which sold more than 50'000 copies in several languages, the editors prepared this thoroughly revised and updated second edition which focuses again on nutritional challenges in both affluent and poor populations around the world. Serving as a practical reference guide, this book will contribute to further improving the quality of feeding of healthy infants and children, as well as enhancing the standards of nutritional care in sick children.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309468698
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 123
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Book Description
A great number of diverse microorganisms inhabit the human body and are collectively referred to as the human microbiome. Until recently, the role of the human microbiome in maintaining human health was not fully appreciated. Today, however, research is beginning to elucidate associations between perturbations in the human microbiome and human disease and the factors that might be responsible for the perturbations. Studies have indicated that the human microbiome could be affected by environmental chemicals or could modulate exposure to environmental chemicals. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk presents a research strategy to improve our understanding of the interactions between environmental chemicals and the human microbiome and the implications of those interactions for human health risk. This report identifies barriers to such research and opportunities for collaboration, highlights key aspects of the human microbiome and its relation to health, describes potential interactions between environmental chemicals and the human microbiome, reviews the risk-assessment framework and reasons for incorporating chemicalâ€"microbiome interactions.
Author: Karen E. Nelson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441970894
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
The book brings a completely different perspective than available books by combining the information gained from the human genome with that derived from parallel metagenomic studies, and new results from investigating the effects of these microbes on the host immune system. Although there are a number of books that focus on the human genome that are currently available, there are no books that bring to the forefront the mix of the human genome and the genomes and metagenomes of the microbial species that live within and on us.
Author: C. S. Pitchumoni
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441916237
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 660
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Book Description
As aging trends in the United States and Europe in particular are strongly suggestive of increasingly older society, it would be prudent for health care providers to better prepare for such changes. By including physiology, disease, nutrition, pharmacology, pathology, radiology and other relevant associated topics, Geriatric Gastroenterology fills the void in the literature for a volume devoted specifically to gastrointestinal illness in the elderly. This unique volume includes provision of training for current and future generations of physicians to deal with the health problems of older adults. It will also serve as a comprehensive guide to practicing physicians for ease of reference. Relevant to the geriatric age group, the volume covers epidemiology, physiology of aging, gastrointestinal physiology, pharmacology, radiology, pathology, motility disorders, luminal disorders, hepato-biliary disease, systemic manifestations, neoplastic disorders, gastrointestinal bleeding, cancer and medication related interactions and adverse events, all extremely common in older adults; these are often hard to evaluate and judge, especially considering the complex aging physiology. All have become important components of modern medicine. Special emphasis is be given to nutrition and related disorders. Capsule endoscopy and its utility in the geriatric population is also covered. Presented in simple, easy to read style, the volume includes numerous tables, figures and key points enabling ease of understanding. Chapters on imaging and pathology are profusely illustrated. All chapters are written by specialists and include up to date scientific information. Geriatric Gastroenterology is of great utility to residents in internal medicine, fellows in gastroenterology and geriatric medicine as well as gastroenterologists, geriatricians and practicing physicians including primary care physicians caring for older adults.
Author: Mark Lyte
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441955763
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 325
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Book Description
Microbial endocrinology represents a newly emerging interdisciplinary field that is formed by the intersection of the fields of neurobiology and microbiology. This book will introduce a new perspective to the current understanding not only of the factors that mediate the ability of microbes to cause disease, but also to the mechanisms that maintain normal homeostasis. The discovery that microbes can directly respond to neuroendocrine hormones, as evidenced by increased growth and production of virulence-associated factors, provides for a new framework with which to investigate how microorganisms interface not only with vertebrates, but also with invertebrates and even plants. The reader will learn that the neuroendocrine hormones that one most commonly associates with mammals are actually found throughout the plant, insect and microbial communities to an extent that will undoubtedly surprise many, and most importantly, how interactions between microbes and neuroendocrine hormones can influence the pathophysiology of infectious disease.
Author: Susan Prescott
Publisher: Apollo Books
ISBN: 9781742582917
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
As an internationally renowned specialist in childhood allergy and immunology, Prof. Susan Prescott takes us on a journey into the science behind the allergy epidemic. As both an allergy specialist working in a busy children's hospital and as a cutting edge research scientist, Prescott is perfectly placed to explore how and why we are experiencing an epidemic rise in allergic diseases, as well as the practical side of dealing with these potentially serious conditions. With clear, no-nonsense explanations and a very personable style, Prescott informs, assures, and educates in this book.
Author: P.L. Ogra
Publisher: S. Karger
ISBN: 3318066850
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
Considerable advances have been made in science in order to understand the varied mixture of bioactive components in human milk. The 94th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop was designed to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest findings in human milk research and its potential to modulate mucosal immunity, the microbiome, and its impact on the neonate. The publication provides a balanced state-of-the-art update on the current knowledge about milk, mucosal immunity, and the microbiome as well as their impact on breastfeeding in mammalian neonates. The first part reviews data on the immunology of milk and lactation from a historical perspective to the latest scientific findings. The second part discusses the microbiology of human milk and lactation in detail, with a focus on premature infants and necrotizing enterocolitis. And finally, in the third part, light is shed on the protective factors in human milk and their role in influencing the neonate’s immune system. Important new insights will provide great scientific support for all people seeking a deeper understanding of human milk and its immunological properties and will enlarge the knowledge of those who have already specialized in human milk research.
Author: Kameron Sugino
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Background: Obesity is a global epidemic and is responsible for increasing burdens on public health. Factors like diet and lifestyle have been investigated as modifiable factors that can help prevent the development of obesity, but another possible mediator of obesity development is the gut microbiome. The gut contains a diverse community of microbes that influences several physiological functions in humans and animals. There have been many studies investigating this association between obesity and the microbiota in adults, however, few studies have been done on the establishment of the infant gut microbiota in the context of its association with maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), breastfeeding and delivery mode. Hypothesis: We expect maternal pre-pregnancy BMI will be associated with altered microbiota composition of women and their children. However, in children, this association will have less of an effect on the gut microbiota than exposure to human milk in the diet.Methods: Fecal samples and participant information were collected from a subset of dyads enrolled in two related prospective cohorts (ARCHGUT and BABYGUT) in Michigan. Sequencing the V4 region of the 16S gene was used to analyze fecal bacterial samples collected from mothers in their third trimester and infants at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months of age. The microbiota data was analyzed using alpha and beta diversity metrics, negative binomial regression to compare taxa abundances between groups and LonGP, a microbiota analysis tool for longitudinal data sets. Results: We found that fecal bacterial communities from overweight women had lower microbiota diversity than communities from normal weight or obese women and beta diversity of overweight women differed from those of normal and obese women at the genus and phylum levels. Infant alpha diversity at 1 month of age differed in membership (Sorensen index) by maternal pre-pregnancy BMI category and also differed by delivery mode and breastfeeding exclusivity. At 6 months of age, fewer infants born to women with pre-pregnancy obesity were breastfeeding compared to infants born to non-obese women (35.7% and 81.8%, respectively). Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and human milk exposure were both significantly associated with alpha and beta diversity of the infant microbiota in univariate analyses. However, in multivariate analyses, human milk exposure accounted for 20% of variation in alpha diversity, but pre-pregnancy BMI was not significantly associated with microbiota diversity. The infant diet at six months was the major determinant of alpha and beta diversity of the infant. In our longitudinal analysis of the infant fecal microbiota from 1 month to 2 years of age, we found that age and participant explained most of the changes in abundance in our dataset. In the top 10 most abundant taxa, human milk exposure and antibiotic exposure at the time of sampling were the only variables important besides age and ID, specifically for Lachnospiraceae unclassified and Bacteroides abundances. Lachnospiraceae abundance was much higher as infants aged, in infants receiving 30.Conclusion: Here, we found several associations between the infant gut microbiota and infant exposures during the first two years of life. Exploring the relationship between gut health and early infant exposures could help develop potential preventative treatments for many gut-linked chronic diseases such as obesity.
