The Next Generation of Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging (ECEI) Diagnostics PDF Download
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Author: Peiling Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Author: Peiling Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
Author: Jinhua Cao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
In this dissertation work, an Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging (ECEI) instrument has been developed for electron temperature fluctuation visualization measurements in the experimental fusion plasma device on the J-TEXT (located at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, China). The ECEI instrument provides centimeter level spatial resolution and microsecond level temporal resolution. Two observation windows (128 pixel-channel) are used to image separate radial depths in the plasma. The 256-channel system was successfully installed on J-TEXT in 2019. An intelligent control module has been developed and applied on one million frame per second (SPS) imaging system. The multiple radial zoom options are used to measure large radial coherent structures and fine structures with high resolution, and which are able to switch flexibly. Signal levels are optimized by the feedback control to match the dynamic measurement range facing different plasma scenarios. A system configuration logfile can be saved. In addition, the preset and manual training options are available for operator to calibrate the system before each experiment. A large package of raw data (36 GB daily) will be generated by the high spatial and temporal resolution ECEI diagnostic system. To address this issue, a general graphical analysis process routine has been developed for 2D temperature fluctuation profiles for ECEI. The ECEI analysis program has been developed and released by UC Davis for the J-TEXT ECEI system. Both narrowband and broadband MHD instabilities are clearly presented in the ECEI frequency spectra. The characteristics of MHD evolution are clearly described by 2D electron temperature animations. Artificial intelligence technology has been applied to automatically detect and separate each of the MHD modes. The primary algorithms used are OpenCV Canny Edge Detection and Depth-first search (DFS). The machine learning algorithm of Random Forest has been applied to classify the so-called edge localized modes.
Author: Benjamin John Tobias
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781124509778
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Energy production through the burning of fossil fuels is an unsustainable practice. Exponentially increasing energy consumption and dwindling natural resources ensure that coal and gas fueled power plants will someday be a thing of the past. However, even before fuel reserves are depleted, our planet may well succumb to disastrous side effects, namely the build up of carbon emissions in the environment, thereby triggering world-wide climate change and the countless industrial spills of pollutants that continue to this day. Many alternatives are currently being developed, but none has so much promise as fusion nuclear energy, the energy of the sun. The confinement of hot plasma at temperatures in excess of 100 million Kelvin by a carefully arranged magnetic field for the realization of a self-sustaining fusion power plant requires new technologies and improved understanding of fundamental physical phenomena. Millimeter wave imaging of electron cyclotron radiation lends insight into the spatial and temporal behavior of electron temperature fluctuations and instabilities, providing a powerful diagnostic for investigations into basic plasma physics and nuclear fusion reactor operation. This dissertation presents the design and implementation of a new generation of Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging (ECEI) diagnostics on toroidal magnetic fusion confinement devices, such as tokamaks and stellarators, around the world. The underlying physics of cyclotron radiation in fusion plasmas is reviewed, and a thorough discussion of millimeter wave imaging techniques and heterodyne radiometry in ECEI follows. The imaging of turbulence and fluid flows has evolved over half a millennium since Leonardo da Vinci's first sketches of cascading water, and applications for ECEI in fusion research are broad ranging. Two areas of physical investigation are discussed in this dissertation: the identification of poloidal shearing in Alfvén eigenmode structures predicted by hybrid gyrofluid-magnetohydrodynamic (gyrofluid-MHD) modeling, and magnetic field line displacement during precursor oscillations associated with the sawtooth crash, a disruptive instability observed both in tokamak plasmas with high core current and in the magnetized plasmas of solar flares and other interstellar plasmas. Understanding both of these phenomena is essential for the future of magnetic fusion energy, and important new observations described herein underscore the advantages of imaging techniques in experimental physics.
Author: Bihe Deng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 542
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Author: Hyeon Keo Park
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Scattering (Physics)
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Author: Xiangyu Kong
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303153808
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
To realize fusion plant, the very first step is to understand the fundamental physics of materials under fusion conditions, i.e. to understand fusion plasmas. Our research group, Plasma Diagnostics Group, focuses on developing advanced tools for physicists to extract as much information as possible from fusion plasmas at millions degrees. The Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging (ECEI) diagnostics is a very useful tool invented in this group to study fusion plasma electron temperature and it fluctuations. This dissertation presents millimeter wave imaging technology advances recently developed in this group to improve the ECEI system. New technologies made it more powerful to image and visualize magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) activities and micro-turbulence in fusion plasmas.Topics of particular emphasis start from development of miniaturized elliptical substrate lens array. This novel substrate lens array replaces the previous generation substrate lens, hyper-hemispherical substrate lens, in terms of geometry. From the optical performance perspective, this substitution not only significantly simplifies the optical system with improved optical coupling, but also enhances the RF/LO coupling efficiency. By the benefit of the mini lens focusing properties, a wideband dual-dipole antenna array is carefully designed and developed. The new antenna array is optimized simultaneously for receiving both RF and LO, with sharp radiation patterns, low side-lobe levels, and less crosstalk between adjacent antennas. In addition, a high frequency antenna is also developed, which extends the frequency limit from 145 GHz to 220 GHz. This type of antenna will be used on high field operation tokamaks with toroidal fields in excess of 3 Tesla.Another important technology advance is so-called extended bandwidth double down-conversion electronics. This new electronics extends the instantaneous IF coverage from 2 to 9.2 GHz to 2 to 16.4 GHz. From the plasma point of view, it means that the instantaneous spatial coverage is doubled without compromising the spatial resolution. Other related technology advances, including frequency selective surfaces, beam splitters, ultra wideband baluns, pre-amplification scheme, are addressed in less detail. Finally, the Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) radiometer system on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) is discussed.
Author: Tianran Liang
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303539428
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
To understand the fundamental physical phenomena of the hot confinement plasma located inside of the controlled fusion experimental devices called Tokamaks, good spatial and temporal measurements of the electron temperature and density fluctuations are needed. Two powerful plasma visualization diagnostics, Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging (ECEI) and Microwave Imaging Reflectometry (MIR), have been developed by the plasma diagnostic group in University of California at Davis. Unlike the conventional 1-D diagnostic methods, they are able to provide 2-D high resolution image of the electron temperature and density fluctuations.This dissertation will focus on the development of the ECEI system customized for the KSTAR tokamak in Korea. The physics principle of the electron cyclotron radiation in fusion plasmas is firstly reviewed, followed by a description of the system architecture of the ECEI diagnostic. Technology advancements in a variety of the system components are discussed, including the miniature elliptical substrate lenses, dual-dipole antennas and mixers array, quasi-optical planar filters, double down-conversion heterodyne electronics, and local oscillator power coupling. Particular emphasis is given to the design methods and major innovations in the advanced optical coupling system for the KSTAR ECEI. This includes step-by-step descriptions on the imaging lens design analysis, as well as the realization of the advanced imaging features, such as independent zoom and focus control. The development of the frequency selective surface (FSS) notch filter is also discussed in detail. The FSS's basic configurations, design principles, and the numerical design tools will be discussed. The previous notch filter designs as well as the new generation multilayer configuration, which brings significant performance improvements, will be summarized. The laboratory testing platform and the fabrication considerations will also be presented. The KSTAR ECEI diagnostic, fabricated and installed in 2010, represents a new benchmark in imaging diagnostic system in terms of plasma coverage, resolution, and imaging flexibility. It also represents a major step forward in the standardization of many ECEI system components, such as dual detector array with mini lens and planar quasi-optical filter components.
Author: Ronald Prater
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814462063
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 427
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Book Description
This proceedings volume, the sixteenth in a biannual series, presents a snapshot of the state of current research worldwide on Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) and related technologies. The papers address the physics, both theory and experiment, of ECE and ECRH. The technologies of high power millimeter-wave sources — gyrotrons — and transmission lines and launchers are included. The focus is on physics and technology relevant to the research and development of nuclear fusion.
Author: John Lohr
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812814647
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 583
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Book Description
These proceedings present the latest results in electron cyclotron emission, heating and current drive, with an emphasis on the physics and technology of Electron Cyclotron Emission, Electron Cyclotron Heating and Electron Cyclotron Current Drive applied to magnetic fusion research. The field is a key element in the development of fusion power and the ITER project now under construction.
Author: John Lohr
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814470996
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 583
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Book Description
These proceedings present the latest results in electron cyclotron emission, heating and current drive, with an emphasis on the physics and technology of Electron Cyclotron Emission, Electron Cyclotron Heating and Electron Cyclotron Current Drive applied to magnetic fusion research. The field is a key element in the development of fusion power and the ITER project now under construction.
