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Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309465184
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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Book Description
Scientific advances over the past several decades have accelerated the ability to engineer existing organisms and to potentially create novel ones not found in nature. Synthetic biology, which collectively refers to concepts, approaches, and tools that enable the modification or creation of biological organisms, is being pursued overwhelmingly for beneficial purposes ranging from reducing the burden of disease to improving agricultural yields to remediating pollution. Although the contributions synthetic biology can make in these and other areas hold great promise, it is also possible to imagine malicious uses that could threaten U.S. citizens and military personnel. Making informed decisions about how to address such concerns requires a realistic assessment of the capabilities that could be misused. Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology explores and envisions potential misuses of synthetic biology. This report develops a framework to guide an assessment of the security concerns related to advances in synthetic biology, assesses the levels of concern warranted for such advances, and identifies options that could help mitigate those concerns.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309465184
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 189
Get Book Here
Book Description
Scientific advances over the past several decades have accelerated the ability to engineer existing organisms and to potentially create novel ones not found in nature. Synthetic biology, which collectively refers to concepts, approaches, and tools that enable the modification or creation of biological organisms, is being pursued overwhelmingly for beneficial purposes ranging from reducing the burden of disease to improving agricultural yields to remediating pollution. Although the contributions synthetic biology can make in these and other areas hold great promise, it is also possible to imagine malicious uses that could threaten U.S. citizens and military personnel. Making informed decisions about how to address such concerns requires a realistic assessment of the capabilities that could be misused. Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology explores and envisions potential misuses of synthetic biology. This report develops a framework to guide an assessment of the security concerns related to advances in synthetic biology, assesses the levels of concern warranted for such advances, and identifies options that could help mitigate those concerns.
Author: Ernst Mayr
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674272262
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 524
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Book Description
Biology was forged into a single, coherent science only within living memory. In this volume the thinkers responsible for the "modern synthesis" of evolutionary biology and genetics come together to analyze that remarkable event. In a new Preface, Ernst Mayr calls attention to the fact that scientists in different biological disciplines varied considerably in their degree of acceptance of Darwin's theories. Mayr shows us that these differences were played out in four separate periods: 1859 to 1899, 1900 to 1915, 1916 to 1936, and 1937 to 1947. He thus enables us to understand fully why the synthesis was necessary and why Darwin's original theory--that evolutionary change is due to the combination of variation and selection--is as solid at the end of the twentieth century as it was in 1859.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309168392
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
Chemistry and chemical engineering have changed significantly in the last decade. They have broadened their scopeâ€"into biology, nanotechnology, materials science, computation, and advanced methods of process systems engineering and controlâ€"so much that the programs in most chemistry and chemical engineering departments now barely resemble the classical notion of chemistry. Beyond the Molecular Frontier brings together research, discovery, and invention across the entire spectrum of the chemical sciencesâ€"from fundamental, molecular-level chemistry to large-scale chemical processing technology. This reflects the way the field has evolved, the synergy at universities between research and education in chemistry and chemical engineering, and the way chemists and chemical engineers work together in industry. The astonishing developments in science and engineering during the 20th century have made it possible to dream of new goals that might previously have been considered unthinkable. This book identifies the key opportunities and challenges for the chemical sciences, from basic research to societal needs and from terrorism defense to environmental protection, and it looks at the ways in which chemists and chemical engineers can work together to contribute to an improved future.
Author: Janina Beck
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN: 3832551468
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites exhibiting adverse effects on humans, animals as well as crops, resulting in diseases and economic loss. Beticolins are mycotoxins produced by the fungus Cercospora beticola which is responsible for cercosporiosis, commonly known as leaf spot disease, causing heavy damages to crops worldwide. In order to study the mechanism of action of these biologically active compounds, this thesis aimed at the development of synthetic approaches towards the highly complex polycyclic scaffold of beticolins. Beticolins consist of a chlorinated tetrahydroxanthone linked to an anthraquinone subunit via a unique bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane ring system. A facile route towards naphthoquinone derivatives and subsequent Diels-Alder cycloadditions with functionalized dienes afforded a highly functionalized anthraquinone subunit of beticolin 0. For the installation of a tetrahydroxanthone subunit, a synthetic route was elaborated. With the obtained anthraquinone derivatives intramolecular couplings were performed under different conditions, to facilitate the construction of the bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane ring system. The formation of the desired scaffold turned out to be challenging, however a variety of novel bicyclo[3.3.1]systems was obtained, representing interesting scaffolds. During a research stay at the University of Copenhagen, the functionalization of helical beta-peptoids was examined. Peptidomimetics adopting three-dimensional structures with well-defined display of functional groups while being resistant to proteolysis, are of interest for the development of foldamers with a desired function.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309219396
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 570
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Book Description
Many potential applications of synthetic and systems biology are relevant to the challenges associated with the detection, surveillance, and responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. On March 14 and 15, 2011, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to explore the current state of the science of synthetic biology, including its dependency on systems biology; discussed the different approaches that scientists are taking to engineer, or reengineer, biological systems; and discussed how the tools and approaches of synthetic and systems biology were being applied to mitigate the risks associated with emerging infectious diseases. The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology is organized into sections as a topic-by-topic distillation of the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. Its purpose is to present information from relevant experience, to delineate a range of pivotal issues and their respective challenges, and to offer differing perspectives on the topic as discussed and described by the workshop participants. This report also includes a collection of individually authored papers and commentary.
Author: Philippe Huneman
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199377170
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
Since its origin in the early 20th century, the Modern Synthesis theory of evolution has grown to become the orthodox view on the process of organic evolution. Its central defining feature is the prominence it accords to genes in the explanation of evolutionary dynamics. Since the advent of the 21st century, however, the Modern Synthesis has been subject to repeated and sustained challenges. These are largely empirically driven. In the last two decades, evolutionary biology has witnessed unprecedented growth in the understanding of those processes that underwrite the development of organisms and the inheritance of characters. The empirical advances usher in challenges to the conceptual foundations of evolutionary theory. The extent to which the new biology challenges the Modern Synthesis has been the subject of lively debate. Many current commentators charge that the new biology of the 21st century calls for a revision, extension, or wholesale rejection of the Modern Synthesis Theory of evolution. Defenders of the Modern Synthesis maintain that the theory can accommodate the exciting new advances in biology. The original essays collected in this volume survey the various challenges to the Modern Synthesis arising from the new biology of the 21st century. The authors are evolutionary biologists, philosophers of science, and historians of biology from Europe and North America. Each of the essays discusses a particular challenge to the Modern Synthesis treatment of inheritance, development, or adaptation. Taken together, the essays cover a spectrum of views, from those that contend that the Modern Synthesis can rise to the challenges of the new biology, with little or no revision required, to those that call for the abandonment of the Modern Synthesis. The collection will be of interest to researchers and students in evolutionary biology, and the philosophy and history of the biological sciences.
Author: Mary Colson
Publisher: Gareth Stevens Publishing LLLP
ISBN: 1482413507
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
While Charles Darwin is familiar to so many, Alfred Wallace's contribution to science and especially to the theory of evolution was invaluable. The two traveled the world separately and developed their ideas separately, but Darwin published his theory first. Rather than become enemies, they both worked to promote acceptance of the controversial ideas. Readers will be interested in the biographies of these globetrotting scientists as well as actual quotes that aid in a better understanding of the men and their motivations.
Author: Sophia Roosth
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022644046X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
In the final years of the twentieth century, emigres from mechanical and electrical engineering and computer science resolved that if the aim of biology was to understand life, then making life would yield better theories than experimentation. Sophia Roosth, a cultural anthropologist, takes us into the world of these self-named synthetic biologists who, she shows, advocate not experiment but manufacture, not reduction but construction, not analysis but synthesis. Roosth reveals how synthetic biologists make new living things in order to understand better how life works. What we see through her careful questioning is that the biological features, theories, and limits they fasten upon are determined circularly by their own experimental tactics. This is a story of broad interest, because the active, interested making of the synthetic biologists is endemic to the sciences of our time."
Author: Nick J Westwood
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 178801507X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
Synthetic chemistry plays a central role in many areas of chemical biology; utilising recent case studies, the goal of Chemical and Biological Synthesis is to highlight the full impact that the preparation of novel reagents can have in chemical biology. Covering the synthetic approaches that can be applied across the whole field of chemical biology, this book provides synthetic chemists with the broader context to which their work contributes and the biological questions that can be addressed through it. An ideal guide for postgraduate students and researchers in synthetic organic chemistry and chemical biology, Chemical and Biological Synthesis introduces synthetic techniques and methods to those who wish to incorporate synthesis for the first time in their biology-focused research programmes.
Author: Goutam Brahmachari
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323851339
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 823
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Book Description
Green Synthetic Approaches for Biologically Relevant Heterocycles, Second Edition, Volume Two: Green Catalytic Systems and Solvents reviews this significant group of organic compounds within the context of sustainable methods and processes, expanding on the first edition with fully updated coverage and a whole range of new chapters. Volume Two explores green catalytic systems and solvents and the techniques surrounding this approach, including metal and magnetic catalysis to organocatalysis and solid acid catalysis, cycloaddition reactions, and varied approaches using ionic liquids. This updated edition is an essential resource on sustainable approaches for academic researchers, R&D professionals, and students working across medicinal, organic, natural product and green chemistry. - Provides fully updated coverage of the field with an emphasis on sustainability - Highlights a range of different eco-friendly solvents and environmentally-friendly catalysts - Collates the experience of a global team of expert contributors
