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Author: David S. Touretzky
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN: 9780934613064
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
Author: David S. Touretzky
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN: 9780934613064
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
Author: Eva Jablonka
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108607381
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Current knowledge of the genetic, epigenetic, behavioural and symbolic systems of inheritance requires a revision and extension of the mid-twentieth-century, gene-based, 'Modern Synthesis' version of Darwinian evolutionary theory. We present the case for this by first outlining the history that led to the neo-Darwinian view of evolution. In the second section we describe and compare different types of inheritance, and in the third discuss the implications of a broad view of heredity for various aspects of evolutionary theory. We end with an examination of the philosophical and conceptual ramifications of evolutionary thinking that incorporates multiple inheritance systems.
Author: Ashwin Ram
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317729250
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1819
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Book Description
This volume features the complete text of all regular papers, posters, and summaries of symposia presented at the 16th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.
Author: Hartmut Ehrig
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540187714
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 626
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Book Description
The generic term "graph-grammars" refers to a variety of methods for specifying (possibly infinite) sets of graphs or sets of maps. The area of graph-grammars originated in the late 60s motivated by considerations concerning pattern recognition - since then the list of areas which have interacted with the development of graph-grammars has grown quite impressively. It includes pattern recognition, software specification and development, VLSI layout schemes, data bases, lambda-calculus, analysis of concurrent systems, massively parallel computer architectures, incremental compilers, computer animation, complexity theory, developmental biology, music composition, representation of physical solids, and many others. This volume is based on the contributions presented at the third international workshop on graph-grammars and their applications, held in Warrenton, Virginia, USA in December 1986. Aiming at the best possible representation of the field not all of the papers presented at the meeting appear in this volume and some of the papers from this volume were not presented at the workshop. The volume consists of two parts: Part I presents tutorial introductions to a number of basic graph and map rewriting mechanisms. Part II contains technical contributions. This collection of papers provides the reader with an up-to-date overview of current trends in graph-grammars.
Author: John F. Sowa
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN: 1483221148
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 595
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Book Description
Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in the Representation of Knowledge provides information pertinent to the theory and applications of semantic networks. This book deals with issues in knowledge representation, which discusses theoretical topics independent of particular implementations. Organized into three parts encompassing 19 chapters, this book begins with an overview of semantic network structure for representing knowledge as a pattern of interconnected nodes and arcs. This text then analyzes the concepts of subsumption and taxonomy and synthesizes a framework that integrates many previous approaches and goes beyond them to provide an account of abstract and partially defines concepts. Other chapters consider formal analyses, which treat the methods of reasoning with semantic networks and their computational complexity. This book discusses as well encoding linguistic knowledge. The final chapter deals with a formal approach to knowledge representation that builds on ideas originating outside the artificial intelligence literature in research on foundations for programming languages. This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians.
Author: Henry E. Kyburg Jr.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940090553X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) ani mal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psy chology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelli gence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental, and methodological studies will also ap pear from time to time. The present volume provides a collection of studies that focus on some of the central problems within the domain of artificial intelligence. These difficulties fall into four principal areas: defeasible reasoning (including the frame problem as apart), ordinary language (and the representation prob lems that it generates), the revision of beliefs (and its rules of inference), and knowledge representation (and the logical problems that are encountered there). These papers make original contributions to each of these areas of inquiry and should be of special interest to those who understand the crucial role that is played by questions of logical form. They vividly illustrate the benefits that can emerge from collaborative efforts involving scholars from linguistics, philosophy, computer science, and AI. J. H. F.
Author: D. Sleeman
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000734773
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
Originally published in 1992, this title reviews seven major subareas in artificial intelligence at that time: knowledge acquisition; logic programming and representation; machine learning; natural language; vision; the design of an AI programming environment; and medicine, a major application area of AI. This volume was an attempt primarily to inform fellow AI workers of recent European work in AI. It was hoped that researchers in ‘sister’ disciplines, such as computer science and linguistics would gain a deeper understanding of the assumptions, techniques and tools of contemporary AI.
Author: John Fox
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642955495
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 237
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Book Description
The current scarcity of expert systems where the reasoning is based on Bayesian probability theory may be due to misconceptions about probabilities found in the literature. As argued by Cheeseman (1985), these misconceptions have led to the attitude: "The Bayesian approach doesn't work - so here is a new scheme". Several of these expert systems based on ad hoc "probability" concepts have been successful in a number of ways, demonstrating the necessity of being able to handle uncertainty in medical expert systems. They also demonstrate the need for a theoretically sound handling of uncertainty. In Andersen et al. (1986) it was postulated that knowledge organized in a causal network can be used for a unified approach to the main tasks of a medical expert system: diagnosis, planning of tests and explanations. The present paper explores this postulate in a causal probabilistic network. It also provides a practical demonstration that the problems supposedly associated with probabilistic networks are either non-existent or that practical solutions can be found. This paper reports on the methods implemented in MUNIN* -an expert system for electromyography (EMG) (Andreassen et al. 1987). EMG is the diagnosis of muscle and nerve diseases through analysis of bioelectrical signals from muscle and nerve tissue. In Andreassen et al.
Author: Ricardo Baeza-Yates
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475798059
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 576
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Book Description
Author: H. Prakken
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401589755
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 319
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Book Description
This book is a revised and extended version of my PhD Thesis 'Logical Tools for Modelling Legal Argument', which I defended on 14 January 1993 at the Free University Amsterdam. The first five chapters of the thesis have remained almost completely unchanged but the other chapters have undergone considerable revision and expansion. Most importantly, I have replaced the formal argument-based system of the old Chapters 6, 7 and 8 with a revised and extended system, whieh I have developed during the last three years in collaboration with Giovanni Sartor. Apart from some technical improvements, the main additions to the old system are the enriehment of its language with a nonprovability operator, and the ability to formalise reasoning about preference criteria. Moreover, the new system has a very intuitive dialectieal form, as opposed to the rather unintuitive fixed-point appearance of the old system. Another important revision is the split of the old Chapter 9 into two new chapters. The old Section 9. 1 on related research has been updated and expanded into a whole chapter, while the rest of the old chapter is now in revised form in Chapter 10. This chapter also contains two new contributions, a detailed discussion of Gordon's Pleadings Game, and a general description of a multi-Iayered overall view on the structure of argu mentation, comprising a logieal, dialectical, procedural and strategie layer. Finally, in the revised conclusion I have paid more attention to the relevance of my investigations for legal philosophy and argumentation theory.
