The LD50 (median Lethal Dose) and LC50 (median Lethal Concentration) Toxicity Tests PDF Download
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Author: Michael D. Kreger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Toxicity testing
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Author: Michael D. Kreger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Toxicity testing
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Author: Karen J. Clingerman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alternative toxicity testing
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Author: Michael D. Kreger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Toxicity testing
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Karen J. Clingerman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Toxicity testing
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Karen J. Clingerman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Author: Alan M. Goldberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Author: Linval R. DePass
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
The LD50 test was introduced by Trevan in 1927 (1) for biological standardization of dangerous drugs. Since then, the LD50 has gained wide acceptance as a measure of acute toxicity of all types of substances. Recently, however, the LD50 test has been criticized as an unnecessary waste of resources. Therefore, efforts have been made to reduce the number of animals used in such tests and to avoid using this test unless required by regulations. A review of the literature has shown that a relatively small number of animals per dose level (5) and a small number of dose levels (2 or 3) are usually sufficient to calculate an LD50 and slope using moving average methods. In addition, one sex should suffice because large sex differences are seldom encountered. When a formal LD50 is not required, one of several approximate methods may be used to estimate the lethal dose. Further approaches include in vitro cytotoxicity methods and computer-based structure-activity models. The in vitro methods are still in a nearly stage of development and will require extensive validation before they are accepted by the toxicology community. In conclusion, when LD50 tests are required, the most economical approach should be used, without undue concern for statistical precision.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Author: N. Cook
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hazard assessment
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Book Description
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires that the results of certain toxicity tests on wildlife and aquatic organisms be submitted to the agency for evaluation before a new pesticide can be federally registered. The results of these toxicity tests are used to address the potential acute hazards of a pesticide's use to wildlife and aquatic organisms. At the present time an acceptable short-term feeding method for small mammals is not available. The EPA has been using the results of data submitted to support human safety requirements [primarily the rat single-dose oral median lethal dosage (LD50) data] to assess the hazards of pesticide residues in and on food to mammalian wildlife. We believe that these data may not properly represent the toxicity of a pesticide residue to mammalian wildlife. The objectives of the present study were three-fold: (1) to develop an acceptable short-term dietary LC50 test for small mammals, (2) to evaluate the test method by testing a number of chemical pesticides, and (3) to determine the relationship between the rat LD50 and median lethal concentration (LC50) values. The proposed 5-day LC50 test uses laboratory rats (Wistar strain) and is similar to a published avian dietary LC50 study. It consists of a 5-day acclimation period, a 5-day exposure to treated food, and a posttreatment observation period lasting for at least 9 days. The initial studies involved the exposure of five male and five female rat groups to each of five concentrations of treated food and one untreated group for control. The mortality, body weights, and food consumption were recorded. The mortality data were used to calculate LC50 values, which are presented for 17 pesticides. The experimentally determined LC50 values for rats were compared with derived ones calculated from published rat LD50 values. The derived values were not toxicologically equivalent to the LC50 values determined from our tests. Data are presented that indicate to us that rat LC50 values are a better measure of the toxicity of pesticide residues to mammalian wildlife than are rat LD50 values. Incorrect decisions on acute hazards of pesticide residues can result from the use of rat LC50 values calculated from rat LD50 values.
Author: Dietrich Schuppan
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642703909
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
International Symposium. IFPMA Symposium, Geneva 30-31 October 1984
