Turning the Mind’s Eye Inward: The Interplay between Selective Attention and Working Memory PDF Download
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Author: Elger Abrahamse
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889197212
Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
Historically, cognitive sciences have considered selective attention and working memory as largely separated cognitive functions. That is, selective attention as a concept is typically reserved for the processes that allow for the prioritization of specific sensory input, while working memory entails more central structures for maintaining (and operating on) temporary mental representations. However, over the last decades various observations have been reported that question such sharp distinction. Most importantly, information stored in working memory has been shown to modulate selective attention processing – and vice versa. At the theoretical level, these observations are paralleled by an increasingly dominant focus on working memory as (involving) the attended part of long-term memory, with some positions considering that working memory is equivalent to selective attention turned to long-term memory representations – or internal selective attention. This questions the existence of working memory as a dedicated cognitive function and raises the need for integrative accounts of working memory and attention. The next step will be to explore the precise implications of attentional accounts of WM for the understanding of specific aspects and characteristics of WM, such as serial order processing, its modality-specificity, its capacity limitations, its relation with executive functions, as well as the nature of attentional mechanisms involved. This research topic in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience aims at bringing together the latest insights and findings about the interplay between working memory and selective attention.
Author: Elger Abrahamse
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889197212
Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Languages : en
Pages : 172
Get Book Here
Book Description
Historically, cognitive sciences have considered selective attention and working memory as largely separated cognitive functions. That is, selective attention as a concept is typically reserved for the processes that allow for the prioritization of specific sensory input, while working memory entails more central structures for maintaining (and operating on) temporary mental representations. However, over the last decades various observations have been reported that question such sharp distinction. Most importantly, information stored in working memory has been shown to modulate selective attention processing – and vice versa. At the theoretical level, these observations are paralleled by an increasingly dominant focus on working memory as (involving) the attended part of long-term memory, with some positions considering that working memory is equivalent to selective attention turned to long-term memory representations – or internal selective attention. This questions the existence of working memory as a dedicated cognitive function and raises the need for integrative accounts of working memory and attention. The next step will be to explore the precise implications of attentional accounts of WM for the understanding of specific aspects and characteristics of WM, such as serial order processing, its modality-specificity, its capacity limitations, its relation with executive functions, as well as the nature of attentional mechanisms involved. This research topic in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience aims at bringing together the latest insights and findings about the interplay between working memory and selective attention.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Historically, cognitive sciences have considered selective attention and working memory as largely separated cognitive functions. That is, selective attention as a concept is typically reserved for the processes that allow for the prioritization of specific sensory input, while working memory entails more central structures for maintaining (and operating on) temporary mental representations. However, over the last decades various observations have been reported that question such sharp distinction. Most importantly, information stored in working memory has been shown to modulate selective attention processing - and vice versa. At the theoretical level, these observations are paralleled by an increasingly dominant focus on working memory as (involving) the attended part of long-term memory, with some positions considering that working memory is equivalent to selective attention turned to long-term memory representations - or internal selective attention. This questions the existence of working memory as a dedicated cognitive function and raises the need for integrative accounts of working memory and attention. The next step will be to explore the precise implications of attentional accounts of WM for the understanding of specific aspects and characteristics of WM, such as serial order processing, its modality-specificity, its capacity limitations, its relation with executive functions, as well as the nature of attentional mechanisms involved. This research topic in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience aims at bringing together the latest insights and findings about the interplay between working memory and selective attention.
Author: Mengya Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Dion Henare
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Attention
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Optimal performance of everyday tasks like driving depend critically on both the ability to store and retrieve small amounts of information in the short term, and the ability to selectively find and process relevant objects while preventing distraction. These two abilities have traditionally been viewed as distinct processes in human cognition, however research now demonstrates significant overlap between the constructs of working memory and selective attention. Previous work has established a role for working memory resources in the successful control of attention, however there are many processes underlying successful attentional control, and affecting any one of them would produce the pattern of results that have been observed. In this thesis we used behavioural and electroencephalographic evidence to investigate working memory and selective attention. We aim to provide a more detailed understanding of the processes underlying the relationship between these two constructs. Study 1 provided systematic documentation of the effect that distractor objects have on performance in a traditional working memory task, as well as the relationship between these effects and individual differences in working memory capacity. Study 2 used lateralized event-related potentials to measure dissociable components related to target selection, distractor capture, and distractor disengagement while working memory load was manipulated. Study 2 used electroencephalographic measures of attention processes to show that increased working memory load has a specific effect on neural indices of distractor disengagement. Study 3 used a similar paradigm to Study 2 to show that the presence of irrelevant objects during working memory encoding leads to impairments in performance and modulation of the neural response to targets in a concurrent visual search task. Together, our results provide greater specificity of the relationship between attention and working memory while demonstrating the utility of lateralized ERPs in providing dissociable measures of specific attentional sub-processes. This provides a promising tool for future research which investigates the relationship between working memory and selective attention.
Author: Mary L. Courage
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1000576310
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 323
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Book Description
The Development of Memory in Infancy and Childhood provides a thorough update and expansion of the previous edition and offers new research on significant themes and ideas that have emerged in the past decade such as the cognitive neuroscience of memory development, autobiographical memory and infantile amnesia, and the cognitive and social factors that underlie memory for events. In this volume, Courage and Cowan bring together leading international experts to review the current state of the science of memory development in their own research areas. They note questions of theory and basic science addressed in their research, highlight the real-world applications of those findings, and propose an agenda for future research. The book also considers the implications of their work for the development of atypical children, specifically, how these new findings might be adapted to enrich the lives of those children and to inform and validate our current expectations of individual differences in the development of typical children. The first of three groups of chapters focuses on basic neurobiological, perceptual, and cognitive processes that underlie memory and its development (i.e., encoding, consolidation and storage, retrieval). The second group focuses primarily on the social, contextual, and cultural factors that enable, shape, and mediate these basic processes, while the rest of the chapters focus on practical applications of this knowledge to real-world settings and issues. The book provides a new look at memory development, including new topics such as spatial representation and spatial working, prospective memory, false memories, and memory and culture. This classic yet contemporary volume will appeal to senior undergraduate and graduate students of developmental and cognitive psychology, as well as to developmental psychologists who want a compendium of key topics in memory development.
Author: Shery Mosad Halim Boktor Saad
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Noah B. Johansen
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 558
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Book Description
Short-term memory, sometimes referred to as "primary", "working" or "active" memory, is said to hold a small amount of information for about 20 seconds. Estimates of short-term memory capacity vary -- from about 3 or 4 elements (i.e., words, digits, or letters) to about 9 elements: a commonly cited capacity is 7±2 elements. In contrast, long-term memory indefinitely stores a seemingly unlimited amount of information. Short-term memory can be described as the capacity (or capacities) for holding in mind, in an active, highly available state, a small amount of information. The information held in short-term memory may be: recently processed sensory input; items recently retrieved from long-term memory; or the result of recent mental processing, although that is more generally related to the concept of working memory. This book presents the latest research in the field from around the world.
Author: Donna Bayliss
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Attention
Languages : en
Pages : 672
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Book Description
Author: Nelson Cowan
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317232380
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Author: Ravi Thiruchselvam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Selective attention and working memory (WM) are central to our ability to internally represent and act on the world, and a growing body of research suggests that the two interact in several ways. These interactions hold critical implications for emotion regulation, as they may underlie distinct forms of cognitive control that enable individuals to alter emotion. In this dissertation, I examine two types of selective attention-working memory interactions that may be important for emotion regulation: the gating of affective content into WM, and the biasing of affective content active within WM. Study 1 examined the immediate and delayed emotional consequences of controlling the gating of affective content into WM. Participants were presented with affective (and neutral) images during two phases. In an initial regulation phase, participants attempted to restrict the access of image representations into WM by loading WM with unrelated content. In a subsequent re-exposure phase, participants simply attended to these images. Results showed that, during the regulatory episode, loading WM while exposed to images rapidly and powerfully attenuated a robust electrocortical index of emotional response, the late positive potential (LPP). Upon re-exposure, however, images with a WM-load history paradoxically elicited heightened LPP responses (compared to images with a simple-viewing history). This pattern of findings diverged significantly from those obtained for another major form of emotion regulation -- cognitive reappraisal -- that permits encoding affective inputs into WM. Together, these results suggest that blocking the access of affective events into WM can quickly dampen emotion during the regulatory episode, a feature that may have unintended consequences upon passive re-exposure. Study 2 examined the emotional consequences of biasing affective content active within WM. Participants were cued to attend to either an arousing or neutral aspect of an affective image representation maintained within WM. Results showed that, relative to focusing on an arousing portion of a negative image representation within WM, focusing on a neutral portion reduced both LPP responses and self-reported negative emotion. These data suggest that deploying attention within affective representations active within WM can successfully alter emotion. Study 3 sought to replicate the findings obtained in Study 2, using a novel system to record electrocortical responses. Even under different recording conditions, results showed strong preservation of the original findings. Specifically, attending to a neutral (versus arousing) aspect of an unpleasant image representation within WM reduced both LPP responses and self-reported negative emotion. Study 4 examined whether the ability to bias affective content within WM via attention is impaired in a particular form of psychopathology -- generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) -- that may be characterized by deficits in the control of affective WM representations. Participants diagnosed with GAD and never-disordered healthy control (HC) participants were cued to attend to either an arousing or neutral aspect of an affective image representation active within WM. Contrary to predictions, results showed a failure to replicate the original findings in HC participants. Although the GAD group showed an inability to dampen LPP responses by shifting attention to neutral (versus arousing) aspects of affective WM content, the pattern of results is inconclusive due to a lack of expected findings in the HC group. Future studies will need to clarify the causes underlying the unexpected pattern of results amongst healthy participants.
