Author: Kelly Marie Carr
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
Abstract: Introduction: Previous orthodontic informed consent research shows low patient/parent recall and comprehension of treatment risks and limitations. The purpose of this study was to: 1) evaluate the effectiveness of a shortened oral presentation of an established informed consent method and 2) determine if customized computer-based presentations (PPTs) improve the recall and comprehension of the risks and limitations of orthodontic treatment.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309317304
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Informed consent - the process of communication between a patient or research subject and a physician or researcher that results in the explicit agreement to undergo a specific medical intervention - is an ethical concept based on the principle that all patients and research subjects should understand and agree to the potential consequences of the clinical care they receive. Regulations that govern the attainment of informed consent for treatment and research are crucial to ensuring that medical care and research are conducted in an ethical manner and with the utmost respect for individual preferences and dignity. These regulations, however, often require - or are perceived to require - that informed consent documents and related materials contain language that is beyond the comprehension level of most patients and study participants. To explore what actions can be taken to help close the gap between what is required in the informed consent process and communicating it in a health-literate and meaningful manner to individuals, the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Health Literacy convened a one-day public workshop featuring presentations and discussions that examine the implications of health literacy for informed consent for both research involving human subjects and treatment of patients. Topics covered in this workshop included an overview of the ethical imperative to gain informed consent from patients and research participants, a review of the current state and best practices for informed consent in research and treatment, the connection between poor informed consent processes and minority underrepresentation in research, new approaches to informed consent that reflect principles of health literacy, and the future of informed consent in the treatment and research settings. Informed Consent and Health Literacy is the summary of the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
Author: William R Proffit, Dds PhD
Publisher: Elsevier India
ISBN: 8131257029
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 747
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Book Description
Contemporary Orthodontics, 6e: South Asia Edition-E-book
Author: Lee W. Graber
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323778607
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1348
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Book Description
**Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 in Dentistry** Comprehensive, cutting-edge content addresses contemporary orthodontic practice! Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques, 7th Edition provides an evidence-based approach to orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical techniques, including esthetics, genetics, temporary anchorage devices, aligners, technology-assisted biomechanics, and much more. New to this edition are seven chapters, covering topics like AI, maxillary expansion in adults, Class II correctors, and autotransplantation. Newly authored chapters on orthognathic surgery and the craniofacial team, the periodontal-orthodontic interface, interdisciplinary treatment, and accelerated tooth movement, among others, address current perspectives. The 7th edition comes with access to an enhanced eBook version, which includes videos and additional visuals to show concepts difficult to explain with words alone. Readers can also find additional, online-only chapters and a fully searchable version of the text. Respected editors Lee Graber, Katherine Vig, and Greg Huang are joined by new editor Pádhraig Fleming, along with expert contributors from around the world. This text provides the most current and comprehensive collection of orthodontic knowledge, making it the go-to book for orthodontic residents and practitioners! - Comprehensive coverage provides a one-stop resource for the field of orthodontics, including foundational theory and the latest on the materials and techniques used in today's practice. - Experienced, renowned editors lead a team of expert, international contributors to provide the most authoritative clinical practice and supporting science from the best and brightest in the industry. - More than 3,400 images include a mixture of radiographs, full-color clinical photos, and anatomic or schematic line drawings, showing examples of treatment, techniques, and outcomes. - Detailed, illustrated case studies show the decision-making process, highlighting the consequences of various treatment techniques over time. - Extensive references make it easy to look up the latest in orthodontic research and evidence-based information, and all references also appear online. - Enhanced ebook, included with every print purchase, features a fully searchable version of the text and bonus online-only chapters, instructional videos, and more. - NEW! Seven chapters cover topics such as AI, maxillary expansion in adults, Class II correctors, and autotransplantation. Newly authored chapters on aligners, orthognathic surgery, the periodontal-orthodontic interface, interdisciplinary and computer-assisted treatment, temporary anchorage devices, and accelerated tooth movement, among others, address current perspectives. - UPDATED! Relevant literature and evidence-based practices are featured throughout the text. - NEW! Additional photos and illustrations visually reinforce key concepts and procedures.
Author: Caroline Elizabeth Pawlak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Introduction: Previous research has demonstrated that current methods of informed consent are relatively ineffective as shown by poor recall and comprehension by adolescent patients and their parents. The purpose of this study was to determine if adding a short video reiterating the issues related to informed consent to a modified informed consent document that places emphasis on a limited number of core and patient specific custom "chunks" located at the beginning of an informed consent presentation improved the recall and comprehension of the risks, benefits and alternatives related to orthodontic treatment. Methods: 70 patient/parent pairs were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group (Group A) patients and parents reviewed a customized slideshow and a short video describing the key risks of orthodontic treatment together. Group B followed the same protocol without viewing the video. All patients and parents were interviewed independently by research assistants using an established measurement tool with open-ended questions. Interviews were transcribed and scored for appropriateness of response using a previously established codebook. Lastly, the patients and parents were administered the REALM and WRAT questionnaires to establish health literacy and literacy in general, respectively, and completed the self-administered demographic and psychological state questionnaires. Results: No significant differences existed between the groups for socio-demographic variables. There were no significant differences between the groups for overall recall and comprehension; recall and comprehension for the domains of treatment, risk and responsibility; and recall and comprehension for core, general and custom items. Conclusions: There was no benefit to adding a short video to the previously established improved readability and audiovisual supplementation. When compared to previous studies, these data further demonstrate the benefit of improved readability and audiovisual supplementation with the addition of chunking. Positional effects indicate the most important informed consent information should be presented last.
Author: Edith Young Kang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Informed consent (Medical law)
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
Abstract: Introduction: A few studies have shown minimal recall of risks after an orthodontic case presentation/consultation appointment, where obtaining informed consent is usually part of this process. Reducing the reading grade level and altering the format for improved processability may improve recall and comprehension of this information. This study developed a measuring tool for recall and comprehension and investigated differences in these variables among different methods of communicating orthodontic informed consent information. Methods: The American Association of Orthodontists' (AAO®) informed consent document was used as the gold standard; a modified informed consent document (MIC) represented improved readability; and an automated PowerPoint® slide show with visual and audio cues for elements of informed consent had improved processability. A questionnaire that probed 18 elements of an orthodontic informed consent was created. A pilot study consisting of 20 orthodontists validated this measurement tool for face and content validity. The slideshow was also validated for face and content validity. Twenty graduate orthodontic clinic patients and their parents were recruited for a second pilot study to establish face validity of the measurement tool and the slideshow. A convenience sample of 90 patient/parent pairs (n=180) from a university-based graduate orthodontic clinic were recruited at their initial orthodontic consultationltreatment presentation appointment. Patients were 12-18 years of age, with no previous history of orthodontic treatment, no family members had treatment or were currently in treatment at the clinic, and spoke English (as did their parents). The subject pairs were stratified into three treatment groups matched by age of the patient. Group A received only the AAO® document (grade level 14) during their consultation -- gold standard informed consent. Group B received the MIC document (grade level 7) -- improved readability. Group C received the MIC document and the PowerPoint® slide show -- improved readability and processability. Reading level, health literacy, and anxiety were evaluated using three standard measurement tools - the Wide Range Achievement Test 3 (WRAT 3)̧, Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM)̧, and the 6 item State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6), respectively. The validated measurement tool was administered to subjects in an interview format to determine comprehension and recall of orthodontic treatment risks and benefits. All interviews were digitally recorded and later transcribed. Each response in the interview was scored for the desired response on a 4 point scale: inappropriate response; on target; don't know/don't remember; no answer given/skipped. Demographic information was collected to determine if various socioeconomic factors have an impact on comprehension. Fisher's exact test, X2 test and multivariate regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The orthodontist pilot study showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the pre and post refinements and a greater than 96% rating of approval for the measurement tool. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the pre and post refinements regarding the content validity of each of the questions in the measurement tool. The clinic pilot study showed the level of recall and comprehension to be 73.2% and 78% acceptable for pre and post refinements, respectively, with no significant difference (p>0.05) between pre and post refinements for the questionnaire. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in the level of recall and comprehension between treatment group A and treatment group B. Internal reliability was low for both patient and parent. Conclusions: The patient and parent subjects and orthodontists appear to have established face validity for the measurement tool and the slideshow. The orthodontist established content validity for the measurement tool. The clinical pilot study also established face validity. The level of recall and comprehension is moderate at best and does not appear to improve with an improved readability form.
Author: Lee W. Graber
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131247163
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1203
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Book Description
Comprehensive, cutting-edge content prepares you for today's orthodontics! Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques: 1st South Asia Edition provides evidence-based coverage of orthodontic diagnosis, planning strategies, and treatment protocols, including esthetics, genetics, temporary anchorage devices, aligners, technology-assisted biomechanics, and much more. From respected editors Lee Graber, Robert Vanarsdall, Katherine Vig, and Greg Huang, along with a veritable Who's Who of expert contributors, this classic reference has a concise, no-nonsense approach to treatment that makes it the go-to book for orthodontic residents and practitioners - Comprehensive coverage provides a one-stop resource for the field of orthodontics, including foundational theory and the latest on the materials and techniques used in today's practice. - Experienced, renowned editors lead a team of expert, international contributors, bringing the most authoritative clinical practice and supporting science from the best and brightest in the industry. - More than 3,400 images include a mixture of radiographs, full-color clinical photos, and anatomic or schematic line drawings, showing examples of treatment, techniques, and outcomes. - Extensive references make it easy to look up the latest in orthodontic research and evidence-based information, and all references also appear online. - Detailed, illustrated case studies show the decision-making process, showing the consequences of various treatment techniques over time
Author: Alexander Robert Desman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Informed consent (Medical law)
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine if written rehearsal of informed consent improved six-months recall and comprehension compared to the current best practices. Methods: A consultation was provided and subjects read the modified informed consent. They were randomized to Group A (received the core and up to four custom elements of treatment, wrote what each image displayed) or Group B (presentation of the 18 elements with core elements chunked at the end followed by up to four custom elements). Interviews recording recall/comprehension occurred immediately and six months later. Results: Overall, no significant differences in baseline or 6-month follow-up scores were found between groups. Initially, Group A outperformed Group B in some core domains. There were no significant differences between groups in the change of scores from initial to recall. Follow-up scores were significantly lower than baseline scores (p0.05). Higher initial scores were associated with larger drops at follow-up. A decrease in knowledge 20% was common. Conclusions: Overall the methods are comparable at baseline and 6-months. Initial content retention was roughly 2/3, with 6-9% deterioration. For areas of treatment methods, risk, discomfort, and resorption at 6-months, the current processes fail the patient and leave the practitioner vulnerable to risk management issues. Results support the rehearsal method with immediate feedback for misunderstandings as the preferred method for informed consent.
Author: Brennan Skulski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Orthodontics
Languages : en
Pages : 77
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Book Description
Introduction: Proper informed consent allows patients to take an active role in their own treatment decisions and may improve treatment outcomes due to enhanced compliance. The objective was to determine if hand-written rehearsal of core and custom consent items would increase short-term recall and comprehension. Methods: Ninety patient-parent pairs were randomly assigned to two groups. After case presentation, each subject was provided 10 minutes to read a modified informed consent document. Group A received visual printouts containing the four core elements (root resorption, decalcification, pain, and relapse/retention) likely to be encountered by all patients and up to four custom elements (e.g. impacted teeth, orthognathic surgery or other case specific treatment issues). Subjects identified and wrote what the image depicted and how it could affect treatment. Group B viewed a slideshow presentation on all 18 consent elements arranged from general to specific. All participants were interviewed, and each provided their socio-demographic data, as well as completed literacy, health literacy, and state anxiety questionnaires. The groups were compared for recall and comprehension through an ANCOVA. Results: The rehearsal intervention significantly improved recall and comprehension of the core elements (p=0.001). Rehearsal also improved custom recall and comprehension, but not significantly. Group B performed significantly better on treatment questions (p=0.001). Overall, as anxiety increased, correct responses decreased. Conclusions: The rehearsal group improved recall and comprehension of the core and custom elements of informed consent and proved a more efficient method than an audiovisual presentation to provide informed consent.
Author: Vinod Krishnan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119608937
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement This new edition continues to be an authoritative reference to the scientific foundations underpinning clinical orthodontics The newly and thoroughly revised Third Edition of Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement delivers a comprehensive reference for orthodontic trainees and specialists. It is fully updated to include new chapters on personalized orthodontics as well as the inflammatory process occurring in the dental and paradental tissues. It is heavily illustrated throughout, making it easier for readers to understand and retain the information discussed within. The topics covered range from bone biology, the effects of mechanical loading on tissues and cells, genetics, tissue remodeling, and the effects of diet, drugs, and systemic diseases. The Third Edition of Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement features seven sections that cover subjects such as: The development of biological concepts in orthodontics, including the cellular and molecular biology behind orthodontic tooth movement Mechanics meets biology, including the effects of mechanical loading on hard and soft tissues and cells, and biological reactions to temporary anchorage devices Inflammation and orthodontics, including markers for tissue remodeling in the gingival crevicular fluid and saliva Personalized diagnosis and treatment based on genomic criteria, including the genetic influences on orthodontic tooth movement Rapid orthodontics, including methods to accelerate or decelerate orthodontic tooth movement Perfect for residents and PhD students of orthodontic and periodontal programs, Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement is also useful to academics, clinicians, bone biologists, and researchers with an interest in the mechanics and biology of tooth movement.
