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Author: Angela C. Bell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Angela C. Bell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Clarissa Cortland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 61
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Negative stereotypes are harmful not only because they can instigate prejudice and discrimination from others; they also have the power to arouse damaging fears and concerns in the minds of negatively stereotyped individuals - a phenomenon known as stereotype threat. Being worried about confirming and reinforcing negative stereotypes that could potentially apply to oneself is distracting and has far-reaching negative consequences on an individual's cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors. Given the potential for stereotypes to have such a significant negative impact, what approaches might offer protection from the harmful effects of stereotype threat? A significant amount of stereotype threat intervention research has pointed to highlighting the presence of ingroup members - or members of an important social group that one belongs to - who have the potential to both encourage and inspire improvements in performance when faced with negative stereotypes. However, very little work has investigated the conditions under which ingroup members might serve as a source of threat in contexts when negative stereotypes are salient. It is plausible that ingroup members should, under some circumstances, evoke threat when they are in a position to judge one's actions, resulting in negative outcomes typically associated with stereotype threat effects. Three experiments investigate the role of ingroup members as a source of evaluation in stereotype threat contexts, pinning down specifically when ingroup members are more likely to serve a helpful, protective role versus a more harmful role on individuals experiencing stereotype threat. In Experiments 1 and 2, ingroup member evaluators - whether portrayed as successful role models (Experiment 1) or merely present ingroup peers (Experiment 2) - serve as a source of support and can protect performance when one's personal abilities are the target of evaluation, but serve as a source of threat and result in destructive performance decrements when the group's reputation is at stake (group-as-target stereotype threat contexts). Using an online vignette study design, Experiment 3 demonstrates that the threat elicited by ingroup member sources of evaluation in group-as-target stereotype threat contexts is qualitatively different from the threat elicited by outgroup member sources of evaluation, and is characterized by concerns about disappointing the ingroup member evaluator.
Author: John T. Jost
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Justification (Theory of knowledge)
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Author: Mel Slater
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889630641
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 335
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Author: Carsten Reinemann
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429687842
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
The studies in this volume conceptualize populism as a type of political communication and investigate it comparatively, focusing on (a) politicians’ and journalists’ perceptions, (b) media coverage, and (c) effects on citizens. This book presents findings from several large-scale internationally comparative empirical studies, funded by the European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST), focusing on communication and the media within the context of populism and populist political communication in Europe. The studies are based on comparative interview studies with journalists and politicians, a large-scale comparative content analysis, and a comparative cross-country experiment using nationally representative online-surveys over 15 countries. The book also includes advice for stakeholders like politicians, the media, and citizens about how to deal with the challenge of populist political communication. This enlightening volume is ‘populist’ in the best sense and will be an essential text for any scholar in political science, communication science, media studies, sociology and philosophy with an interest in populism and political communication. It does not assume specialist knowledge and will remain accessible and engaging to students, practitioners and policymakers. Chapters 1 and 12 of this book are freely available as downloadable Open Access PDFs at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Author: Michael Inzlicht
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199732442
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 337
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Book Description
The 21st century has brought with it unparalleled levels of diversity in the classroom and the workforce. It is now common to see in elementary school, high school, and university classrooms, not to mention boardrooms and factory floors, a mixture of ethnicities, races, genders, and religious affiliations. But these changes in academic and economic opportunities have not directly translated into an elimination of group disparities in academic performance, career opportunities, and levels of advancement. Standard explanations for these disparities, which are vehemently debated in the scientific community and popular press, range from the view that women and minorities are genetically endowed with inferior abilities to the view that members of these demographic groups are products of environments that frustrate the development of the skills needed for success. Although these explanations differ along a continuum of nature vs. nurture, they share in common a presumption that a large chunk of our population lacks the potential to achieve academic and career success.In contrast to intractable factors like biology or upbringing, the research summarized in this book suggests that factors in one's immediate situation play a critical yet underappreciated role in temporarily suppressing the intellectual performance of women and minorities, creating an illusion of group differences in ability. Research conducted over the course of the last fifteen years suggests the mere existence of cultural stereotypes that assert the intellectual inferiority of these groups creates a threatening intellectual environment for stigmatized individuals - a climate where anything they say or do is interpreted through the lens of low expectations. This stereotype threat can ultimately interfere with intellectual functioning and academic engagement, setting the stage for later differences in educational attainment, career choice, and job advancement.
Author: Samuel L. Gaertner
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317774957
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 227
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Book Description
Considers situations and interventions that can foster more inclusive representation and ways, both theoretically and practically, and that a common ingroup identity can facilitate more harmonious intergroup relations.
Author: David J. Schneider
Publisher: Guilford Press
ISBN: 1593851936
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 722
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Book Description
The first comprehensive treatment of stereotypes and stereotyping, this text synthesizes a vast body of social and cognitive research that has emerged over the past-quarter century. Provided is an unusually broad analysis of stereotypes as products both of individual cognitive activities and of social and cultural forces. While devoting careful attention to harmful aspects of stereotypes, their connections to prejudice and discrimination, and effective strategies for countering them, the volume also examines the positive functions of generalizations in helping people navigate a complex world. Unique features include four chapters addressing the content of stereotypes, which consider such topics as why certain traits are the focus of stereotyping and how they become attributed to particular groups. An outstanding text for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level courses, the volume is highly readable and features many useful examples.
Author: Diane M. Mackie
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080885799
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
This volume presents a collection of chapters exploring the interface of cognitive and affective processes in stereotyping. Stereotypes and prejudice have long been topics of interest in social psychology, but early literature and research in this area focused on affect alone, while later studies focused primarily on cognitive factors associated with information processing strategies. This volume integrates the roles of both affect and cognition with regard to the formation, representation, and modification of stereotypes and the implications of these processes for the escalation or amelioration of intergroup tensions. Reviewed Development, maintenance, and change of stereotypes and prejudice Interaction of affective and cognitive processes as antecendents of stereotyping and prejudice Affect and cognitive consequences of group categorization, preception, and interaction The interaction of cognitive and affective processes in social perception Award Winning Chapter "The Esses et al", was the 1992 winner of the Otto Klineberg award given by the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, which cited the chapter as having offered, "a substantial advance in our understanding of basic psychological processes, underlying racism, stereotyping, and prejudice."
Author: Jacques-Philippe Leyens
Publisher: SAGE Publications Limited
ISBN:
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
At the same time relevant cross-cultural issues are explored. This clearly-written and engaging book will be essential reading for students and academics in social psychology and for anyone with an interest in the phenomenon of social stereotyping.
