Author: Jean-Marc Aractingi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 250
Book Description
Author of several writings on the Druze, Jean-Marc Aractingi former Ambassador, Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Arab Masonic Council, lived his adolescence in the Druze mountain of Lebanon. He thus had the opportunity to get to know this community well through its religion and customs.But it is above all that he was among the few people to have had the privilege of possessing a copy of the original Arabic version of their sacred writings.This is how he was able, through his readings and research, to establish an analogy between their rituals and their symbolism with those of the high Masonic ranks, such as for example the symbolism of colors. This allowed him to recognize the mysterious representation of the Divinity through the color attributed to each "Minister" in hierarchical order.This book makes us discover, at the dawn of the announcement by the Druze of the advent at the beginning of the 21st century of their Messiah, this religion very rich in esotericism and which is at the crossroads of the mystics of all nations.Authors biography: Jean-Marc ARACTINGI is a Doctor, Engineer and Diplomat by training.Doctor in Theology and History of Religions from International Christian University (ICU), Engineer from AgroParisTech, former PhD student in Energy at École Centrale de Paris, he is also a 3rd cycle graduate from the University of Paris I- Sorbonne, from the Center for Diplomatic and Strategic Studies in Paris and former intern at the Paris War School.Freemason (33 °, 96 °, CBCS, 7 ° RO), he was exalted Master at the Grand Lodge of France in the Orient of Paris and a corresponding member of the famous Jean Scot Erigène Research Lodge of the Grand Lodge of France. He is currently Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Arab Masonic Council, World Grand Master of the Grand Orient Arab, High Dignitary of the International Sovereign Shrine of the Egyptian Rites of Memphis-Misraïm and member of the Directorate of the World Masonic Union of the 33rd degree of the AASR.Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Paul, Grand Cross and Grand Commander of the Order of Lafayette, he is also a Knight of the Order of the Temple and of the Order of Malta-Grand Priory of Russia.He is the author of several books on Freemasonry and on religious esotericism.
The Hidden Face of the Druze "The Freemasons of the East"
Author: Jean-Marc Aractingi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 250
Book Description
Author of several writings on the Druze, Jean-Marc Aractingi former Ambassador, Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Arab Masonic Council, lived his adolescence in the Druze mountain of Lebanon. He thus had the opportunity to get to know this community well through its religion and customs.But it is above all that he was among the few people to have had the privilege of possessing a copy of the original Arabic version of their sacred writings.This is how he was able, through his readings and research, to establish an analogy between their rituals and their symbolism with those of the high Masonic ranks, such as for example the symbolism of colors. This allowed him to recognize the mysterious representation of the Divinity through the color attributed to each "Minister" in hierarchical order.This book makes us discover, at the dawn of the announcement by the Druze of the advent at the beginning of the 21st century of their Messiah, this religion very rich in esotericism and which is at the crossroads of the mystics of all nations.Authors biography: Jean-Marc ARACTINGI is a Doctor, Engineer and Diplomat by training.Doctor in Theology and History of Religions from International Christian University (ICU), Engineer from AgroParisTech, former PhD student in Energy at École Centrale de Paris, he is also a 3rd cycle graduate from the University of Paris I- Sorbonne, from the Center for Diplomatic and Strategic Studies in Paris and former intern at the Paris War School.Freemason (33 °, 96 °, CBCS, 7 ° RO), he was exalted Master at the Grand Lodge of France in the Orient of Paris and a corresponding member of the famous Jean Scot Erigène Research Lodge of the Grand Lodge of France. He is currently Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Arab Masonic Council, World Grand Master of the Grand Orient Arab, High Dignitary of the International Sovereign Shrine of the Egyptian Rites of Memphis-Misraïm and member of the Directorate of the World Masonic Union of the 33rd degree of the AASR.Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Paul, Grand Cross and Grand Commander of the Order of Lafayette, he is also a Knight of the Order of the Temple and of the Order of Malta-Grand Priory of Russia.He is the author of several books on Freemasonry and on religious esotericism.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 250
Book Description
Author of several writings on the Druze, Jean-Marc Aractingi former Ambassador, Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Arab Masonic Council, lived his adolescence in the Druze mountain of Lebanon. He thus had the opportunity to get to know this community well through its religion and customs.But it is above all that he was among the few people to have had the privilege of possessing a copy of the original Arabic version of their sacred writings.This is how he was able, through his readings and research, to establish an analogy between their rituals and their symbolism with those of the high Masonic ranks, such as for example the symbolism of colors. This allowed him to recognize the mysterious representation of the Divinity through the color attributed to each "Minister" in hierarchical order.This book makes us discover, at the dawn of the announcement by the Druze of the advent at the beginning of the 21st century of their Messiah, this religion very rich in esotericism and which is at the crossroads of the mystics of all nations.Authors biography: Jean-Marc ARACTINGI is a Doctor, Engineer and Diplomat by training.Doctor in Theology and History of Religions from International Christian University (ICU), Engineer from AgroParisTech, former PhD student in Energy at École Centrale de Paris, he is also a 3rd cycle graduate from the University of Paris I- Sorbonne, from the Center for Diplomatic and Strategic Studies in Paris and former intern at the Paris War School.Freemason (33 °, 96 °, CBCS, 7 ° RO), he was exalted Master at the Grand Lodge of France in the Orient of Paris and a corresponding member of the famous Jean Scot Erigène Research Lodge of the Grand Lodge of France. He is currently Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Arab Masonic Council, World Grand Master of the Grand Orient Arab, High Dignitary of the International Sovereign Shrine of the Egyptian Rites of Memphis-Misraïm and member of the Directorate of the World Masonic Union of the 33rd degree of the AASR.Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Paul, Grand Cross and Grand Commander of the Order of Lafayette, he is also a Knight of the Order of the Temple and of the Order of Malta-Grand Priory of Russia.He is the author of several books on Freemasonry and on religious esotericism.
THE TRUTH ABOUT FREEMASONS, ILLUMINATI, AND NEW WORLD ORDER
Author: S.D.S C.M.W
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1105607887
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 737
Book Description
"Two Books In One" The New World Order's Letter to Every Citizen of the World warning Resistance is Futile. According to this letter addressed to everybody in America, it's useless to resist a one world takeover, as the program is in its final stages. The Very word secrecy is repugnant in a free and open society, and we are as people inherently and historically opposed to secret societies, to secret oaths and to secret proceedings. We decided long ago that the dangers of excesive and unwarranted concealment of pertinent facts far outweighed the dangers which are cited to justify. "If you have the privilege to know, you have the duty to act"
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1105607887
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 737
Book Description
"Two Books In One" The New World Order's Letter to Every Citizen of the World warning Resistance is Futile. According to this letter addressed to everybody in America, it's useless to resist a one world takeover, as the program is in its final stages. The Very word secrecy is repugnant in a free and open society, and we are as people inherently and historically opposed to secret societies, to secret oaths and to secret proceedings. We decided long ago that the dangers of excesive and unwarranted concealment of pertinent facts far outweighed the dangers which are cited to justify. "If you have the privilege to know, you have the duty to act"
Secret Societies
Author: Una Birch
Publisher: Nicolas-Hays, Inc.
ISBN: 9780892541324
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Book Description
This book is an invitation to the secret world behind the veil of daily events. In its pages you will meet the legendary Cagliostro and the Comte de Saint-Germain as they travel through the royal courts and Masonic lodges of eighteenth-century Europe, fomenting Revolution and working to overturn the social order of their day. Alchemists, magicians, Illuminati adepts, mystics, and Freemasons joined forces with politicians, journalists, scientists, writers, philosophers and libertines in a movement that forever altered the cultural landscape of Western civilization. Inaugurating two centuries of revolution and upheaval, the French Revolution of 1789 put an end to the concept of the divine right of kings, led to the formal separation of church and state, destroyed the remnants of medieval feudalism, and heralded the values of the Enlightenment as the triumphant banner under which the modern world would be born. Yet it was accompanied by a level of violence whose ferocity spoke more of an exorcism than a political restructuring. What lessons does the Revolution hold for us today? Do the forces of secret societies and silent conspiracies continue to influence the world? Historian Una Birch's classic account was originally published in 1911. Her proximity to and sympathy with the events offer a unique perspective. Secret society expert James Wasserman has made this work accessible to the modern reader with extensive annotations, a history of the Revolution, an introduction that places the Illuminati in context, and biographical sketches of the main participants. Book jacket.
Publisher: Nicolas-Hays, Inc.
ISBN: 9780892541324
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Book Description
This book is an invitation to the secret world behind the veil of daily events. In its pages you will meet the legendary Cagliostro and the Comte de Saint-Germain as they travel through the royal courts and Masonic lodges of eighteenth-century Europe, fomenting Revolution and working to overturn the social order of their day. Alchemists, magicians, Illuminati adepts, mystics, and Freemasons joined forces with politicians, journalists, scientists, writers, philosophers and libertines in a movement that forever altered the cultural landscape of Western civilization. Inaugurating two centuries of revolution and upheaval, the French Revolution of 1789 put an end to the concept of the divine right of kings, led to the formal separation of church and state, destroyed the remnants of medieval feudalism, and heralded the values of the Enlightenment as the triumphant banner under which the modern world would be born. Yet it was accompanied by a level of violence whose ferocity spoke more of an exorcism than a political restructuring. What lessons does the Revolution hold for us today? Do the forces of secret societies and silent conspiracies continue to influence the world? Historian Una Birch's classic account was originally published in 1911. Her proximity to and sympathy with the events offer a unique perspective. Secret society expert James Wasserman has made this work accessible to the modern reader with extensive annotations, a history of the Revolution, an introduction that places the Illuminati in context, and biographical sketches of the main participants. Book jacket.
Freemasonry and the Orient. Esotericisms Between the East and the West
Author: Barbara De Poli
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788869693397
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 114
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788869693397
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 114
Book Description
The End and the Beginning
Author: Hermynia Zur Mühlen
Publisher: Open Book Publishers
ISBN: 1906924279
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 302
Book Description
First published in Germany in 1929, The End and the Beginning is a lively personal memoir of a vanished world and of a rebellious, high-spirited young woman's struggle to achieve independence. Born in 1883 into a distinguished and wealthy aristocratic family of the old Austro-Hungarian Empire, Hermynia Zur Muhlen spent much of her childhood travelling in Europe and North Africa with her diplomat father. After five years on her German husband's estate in czarist Russia she broke with both her family and her husband and set out on a precarious career as a professional writer committed to socialism. Besides translating many leading contemporary authors, notably Upton Sinclair, into German, she herself published an impressive number of politically engaged novels, detective stories, short stories, and children's fairy tales. Because of her outspoken opposition to National Socialism, she had to flee her native Austria in 1938 and seek refuge in England, where she died, virtually penniless, in 1951. This revised and corrected translation of Zur Muhlen's memoir - with extensive notes and an essay on the author by Lionel Gossman - will appeal especially to readers interested in women's history, the Central European aristocratic world that came to an end with the First World War, and the culture and politics of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Publisher: Open Book Publishers
ISBN: 1906924279
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 302
Book Description
First published in Germany in 1929, The End and the Beginning is a lively personal memoir of a vanished world and of a rebellious, high-spirited young woman's struggle to achieve independence. Born in 1883 into a distinguished and wealthy aristocratic family of the old Austro-Hungarian Empire, Hermynia Zur Muhlen spent much of her childhood travelling in Europe and North Africa with her diplomat father. After five years on her German husband's estate in czarist Russia she broke with both her family and her husband and set out on a precarious career as a professional writer committed to socialism. Besides translating many leading contemporary authors, notably Upton Sinclair, into German, she herself published an impressive number of politically engaged novels, detective stories, short stories, and children's fairy tales. Because of her outspoken opposition to National Socialism, she had to flee her native Austria in 1938 and seek refuge in England, where she died, virtually penniless, in 1951. This revised and corrected translation of Zur Muhlen's memoir - with extensive notes and an essay on the author by Lionel Gossman - will appeal especially to readers interested in women's history, the Central European aristocratic world that came to an end with the First World War, and the culture and politics of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
A People's History of the World
Author: Chris Harman
Publisher: Verso Books
ISBN: 1786630818
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 753
Book Description
Building on A People’s History of the United States, this radical world history captures the broad sweep of human history from the perspective of struggling classes. An “indispensable volume” on class and capitalism throughout the ages—for readers reckoning with the history they were taught and history as it truly was (Howard Zinn) From the earliest human societies to the Holy Roman Empire, from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment, from the Industrial Revolution to the end of the twentieth century, Chris Harman provides a brilliant and comprehensive history of the human race. Eschewing the standard accounts of “Great Men,” of dates and kings, Harman offers a groundbreaking counter-history, a breathtaking sweep across the centuries in the tradition of “history from below.” In a fiery narrative, he shows how ordinary men and women were involved in creating and changing society and how conflict between classes was often at the core of these developments. While many scholars see the victory of capitalism as now safely secured, Harman explains the rise and fall of societies and civilizations throughout the ages and demonstrates that history moves ever onward in every age. A vital corrective to traditional history, A People's History of the World is essential reading for anyone interested in how society has changed and developed and the possibilities for further radical progress.
Publisher: Verso Books
ISBN: 1786630818
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 753
Book Description
Building on A People’s History of the United States, this radical world history captures the broad sweep of human history from the perspective of struggling classes. An “indispensable volume” on class and capitalism throughout the ages—for readers reckoning with the history they were taught and history as it truly was (Howard Zinn) From the earliest human societies to the Holy Roman Empire, from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment, from the Industrial Revolution to the end of the twentieth century, Chris Harman provides a brilliant and comprehensive history of the human race. Eschewing the standard accounts of “Great Men,” of dates and kings, Harman offers a groundbreaking counter-history, a breathtaking sweep across the centuries in the tradition of “history from below.” In a fiery narrative, he shows how ordinary men and women were involved in creating and changing society and how conflict between classes was often at the core of these developments. While many scholars see the victory of capitalism as now safely secured, Harman explains the rise and fall of societies and civilizations throughout the ages and demonstrates that history moves ever onward in every age. A vital corrective to traditional history, A People's History of the World is essential reading for anyone interested in how society has changed and developed and the possibilities for further radical progress.
A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations
Author: Abdelwahab Meddeb
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400849136
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 1153
Book Description
The first encylopedic guide to the history of relations between Jews and Muslims around the world This is the first encyclopedic guide to the history of relations between Jews and Muslims around the world from the birth of Islam to today. Richly illustrated and beautifully produced, the book features more than 150 authoritative and accessible articles by an international team of leading experts in history, politics, literature, anthropology, and philosophy. Organized thematically and chronologically, this indispensable reference provides critical facts and balanced context for greater historical understanding and a more informed dialogue between Jews and Muslims. Part I covers the medieval period; Part II, the early modern period through the nineteenth century, in the Ottoman Empire, Africa, Asia, and Europe; Part III, the twentieth century, including the exile of Jews from the Muslim world, Jews and Muslims in Israel, and Jewish-Muslim politics; and Part IV, intersections between Jewish and Muslim origins, philosophy, scholarship, art, ritual, and beliefs. The main articles address major topics such as the Jews of Arabia at the origin of Islam; special profiles cover important individuals and places; and excerpts from primary sources provide contemporary views on historical events. Contributors include Mark R. Cohen, Alain Dieckhoff, Michael Laskier, Vera Moreen, Gordon D. Newby, Marina Rustow, Daniel Schroeter, Kirsten Schulze, Mark Tessler, John Tolan, Gilles Veinstein, and many more. Covers the history of relations between Jews and Muslims around the world from the birth of Islam to today Written by an international team of leading scholars Features in-depth articles on social, political, and cultural history Includes profiles of important people (Eliyahu Capsali, Joseph Nasi, Mohammed V, Martin Buber, Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin, Edward Said, Messali Hadj, Mahmoud Darwish) and places (Jerusalem, Alexandria, Baghdad) Presents passages from essential documents of each historical period, such as the Cairo Geniza, Al-Sira, and Judeo-Persian illuminated manuscripts Richly illustrated with more than 250 images, including maps and color photographs Includes extensive cross-references, bibliographies, and an index
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400849136
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 1153
Book Description
The first encylopedic guide to the history of relations between Jews and Muslims around the world This is the first encyclopedic guide to the history of relations between Jews and Muslims around the world from the birth of Islam to today. Richly illustrated and beautifully produced, the book features more than 150 authoritative and accessible articles by an international team of leading experts in history, politics, literature, anthropology, and philosophy. Organized thematically and chronologically, this indispensable reference provides critical facts and balanced context for greater historical understanding and a more informed dialogue between Jews and Muslims. Part I covers the medieval period; Part II, the early modern period through the nineteenth century, in the Ottoman Empire, Africa, Asia, and Europe; Part III, the twentieth century, including the exile of Jews from the Muslim world, Jews and Muslims in Israel, and Jewish-Muslim politics; and Part IV, intersections between Jewish and Muslim origins, philosophy, scholarship, art, ritual, and beliefs. The main articles address major topics such as the Jews of Arabia at the origin of Islam; special profiles cover important individuals and places; and excerpts from primary sources provide contemporary views on historical events. Contributors include Mark R. Cohen, Alain Dieckhoff, Michael Laskier, Vera Moreen, Gordon D. Newby, Marina Rustow, Daniel Schroeter, Kirsten Schulze, Mark Tessler, John Tolan, Gilles Veinstein, and many more. Covers the history of relations between Jews and Muslims around the world from the birth of Islam to today Written by an international team of leading scholars Features in-depth articles on social, political, and cultural history Includes profiles of important people (Eliyahu Capsali, Joseph Nasi, Mohammed V, Martin Buber, Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin, Edward Said, Messali Hadj, Mahmoud Darwish) and places (Jerusalem, Alexandria, Baghdad) Presents passages from essential documents of each historical period, such as the Cairo Geniza, Al-Sira, and Judeo-Persian illuminated manuscripts Richly illustrated with more than 250 images, including maps and color photographs Includes extensive cross-references, bibliographies, and an index
Dictionary of Arab and Muslim Freemasons
Author: Jean-Marc Aractingi
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781718811829
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 488
Book Description
Unpublished to date, this dictionary of Arab and Muslim Freemasons is a challenge in itself! Indeed, the lack of sources and especially the law of silence ("Kitman" in Arabic) surrounding many Arab and Muslim Freemasons, who risk imprisonment or even death - Freemasonry is prohibited in most Arab countries - did not facilitate the task of the author. The result of this work of ants has still allowed him to list 1200 names of Arab and Muslim Freemasons who have distinguished themselves in their country, mainly from the 18th to the 20th century. Among them there are 15 kings, 40 presidents, 35 prime ministers, several ministers ... as well as clerics: Sheikhs, Imams, Bishops, Priests ..., for example: The Emir Abdelkader, Abdel Nasser, Ataturk, Mohamed Abdo, Jamaleddin al Afghani, Aga Khan III, Amadou Toumani Toure, Jordanian Hussein, Camille Chamoun, Bachir Gemayel, Hashem al Atassi, Haqqi al Azm, Salaheddin Baccouche, Gibran Khalil Gebran, Driss Basri, Ali Bongo, Boni Yayi, Habib Bouguiba, Mohamed Boudiaf, Idriss Deby, Boubacar Keita, Mamadou Tandja, Abdoulaye Wade, Ahmed Guedira ...
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781718811829
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 488
Book Description
Unpublished to date, this dictionary of Arab and Muslim Freemasons is a challenge in itself! Indeed, the lack of sources and especially the law of silence ("Kitman" in Arabic) surrounding many Arab and Muslim Freemasons, who risk imprisonment or even death - Freemasonry is prohibited in most Arab countries - did not facilitate the task of the author. The result of this work of ants has still allowed him to list 1200 names of Arab and Muslim Freemasons who have distinguished themselves in their country, mainly from the 18th to the 20th century. Among them there are 15 kings, 40 presidents, 35 prime ministers, several ministers ... as well as clerics: Sheikhs, Imams, Bishops, Priests ..., for example: The Emir Abdelkader, Abdel Nasser, Ataturk, Mohamed Abdo, Jamaleddin al Afghani, Aga Khan III, Amadou Toumani Toure, Jordanian Hussein, Camille Chamoun, Bachir Gemayel, Hashem al Atassi, Haqqi al Azm, Salaheddin Baccouche, Gibran Khalil Gebran, Driss Basri, Ali Bongo, Boni Yayi, Habib Bouguiba, Mohamed Boudiaf, Idriss Deby, Boubacar Keita, Mamadou Tandja, Abdoulaye Wade, Ahmed Guedira ...
Histoire mondiale de la Franc-Maçonnerie en Terre d'Islam
Author: Jean-Marc Aractingi
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782367600581
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 550
Book Description
La franc-maçonnerie dite "spéculative" a vu le jour en 1717 à Londres. Très vite elle a été introduite par les ambassadeurs et consuls européens accrédités auprès des pays appartenant à l'Empire ottoman. Ainsi les premières loges ont vu le jour à Smyrne (Turquie) et à Alep en Syrie dès 1738. Elles ont attiré les "Autochtones" issus la plupart de personnalités appartenant à l'élite (intellectuels, hauts fonctionnaires, magistrats). Plusieurs dirigeants ont appartenu à ces loges comme Ismaël Pacha le fils du khédive d'Egypte, l'émir Abdelkader en Algérie, le prince Askari Khan en Iran, le sultan Mourad V en Turquie... Après le démembrement de l'Empire ottoman, cette franc-maçonnerie trouvera son âge d'or en Egypte et surtout au Liban et en Syrie sous le Mandat français. Il en est de même pour les pays du Maghreb (Algérie, Tunisie et Maroc). Des présidents et des Premiers ministres y ont adhéré comme le président Mohamed Boudiaf en Algérie, Salahedinne Baccouche en Tunisie, Ahmed Réda Guédira au Maroc, Ahmed Nami Bey et Ata el-Ayoubi en Syrie, Camille Chamoun et Sami el-Solh au Liban. La création de l'Etat d'Israël en 1947 va provoquer le déclin de cette franc-maçonnerie qui sera taxée d'être sioniste ! Aujourd'hui, elle bénéficie d'un certain regain en Turquie, au Maroc, au Liban et en Syrie. Avec les Printemps arabes, on s'attend à une ouverture de loges en Tunisie, Egypte...
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782367600581
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 550
Book Description
La franc-maçonnerie dite "spéculative" a vu le jour en 1717 à Londres. Très vite elle a été introduite par les ambassadeurs et consuls européens accrédités auprès des pays appartenant à l'Empire ottoman. Ainsi les premières loges ont vu le jour à Smyrne (Turquie) et à Alep en Syrie dès 1738. Elles ont attiré les "Autochtones" issus la plupart de personnalités appartenant à l'élite (intellectuels, hauts fonctionnaires, magistrats). Plusieurs dirigeants ont appartenu à ces loges comme Ismaël Pacha le fils du khédive d'Egypte, l'émir Abdelkader en Algérie, le prince Askari Khan en Iran, le sultan Mourad V en Turquie... Après le démembrement de l'Empire ottoman, cette franc-maçonnerie trouvera son âge d'or en Egypte et surtout au Liban et en Syrie sous le Mandat français. Il en est de même pour les pays du Maghreb (Algérie, Tunisie et Maroc). Des présidents et des Premiers ministres y ont adhéré comme le président Mohamed Boudiaf en Algérie, Salahedinne Baccouche en Tunisie, Ahmed Réda Guédira au Maroc, Ahmed Nami Bey et Ata el-Ayoubi en Syrie, Camille Chamoun et Sami el-Solh au Liban. La création de l'Etat d'Israël en 1947 va provoquer le déclin de cette franc-maçonnerie qui sera taxée d'être sioniste ! Aujourd'hui, elle bénéficie d'un certain regain en Turquie, au Maroc, au Liban et en Syrie. Avec les Printemps arabes, on s'attend à une ouverture de loges en Tunisie, Egypte...
A History of Palestine
Author: Gudrun Krämer
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691150079
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 375
Book Description
Krämer focuses on patterns of interaction amongst Jews and Arabs (Muslim as well as Christian) in Palestine, an interaction that deeply affected the economic, political, social, and cultural evolution of both communities under Ottoman and British rule.
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691150079
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 375
Book Description
Krämer focuses on patterns of interaction amongst Jews and Arabs (Muslim as well as Christian) in Palestine, an interaction that deeply affected the economic, political, social, and cultural evolution of both communities under Ottoman and British rule.