The Harmonisation of the International Sale of Goods through Principles of Law and Uniform Rules

The Harmonisation of the International Sale of Goods through Principles of Law and Uniform Rules PDF Author: Jorge Balmaceda
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1527549127
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 456

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Book Description
This book describes how the international sales of goods have generally been ruled by either English Law or Civil Law, which has often posed problems due to different approaches regarding certain principles and institutions. It clarifies how the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods of 11th April, 1980, tried to harmonise these differences with a codification technique, typical of civil law, giving privilege to rules of civil law most of the time, but also introducing institutions from common law, that are not incompatible with civil law. It explains why the general principles of civil law and of UNIDROIT help with this goal of harmonisation, integrating the loopholes of the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) during its interpretation. The work demonstrates why codification prevails over common law in the CISG most of the time, giving certitude and sophistication to this matter, which is vital for global commerce.

The Harmonisation of the International Sale of Goods through Principles of Law and Uniform Rules

The Harmonisation of the International Sale of Goods through Principles of Law and Uniform Rules PDF Author: Jorge Balmaceda
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1527549127
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 456

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Book Description
This book describes how the international sales of goods have generally been ruled by either English Law or Civil Law, which has often posed problems due to different approaches regarding certain principles and institutions. It clarifies how the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods of 11th April, 1980, tried to harmonise these differences with a codification technique, typical of civil law, giving privilege to rules of civil law most of the time, but also introducing institutions from common law, that are not incompatible with civil law. It explains why the general principles of civil law and of UNIDROIT help with this goal of harmonisation, integrating the loopholes of the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) during its interpretation. The work demonstrates why codification prevails over common law in the CISG most of the time, giving certitude and sophistication to this matter, which is vital for global commerce.

The CISG’s attempt to unify international sales law. An assessment of its successfulness

The CISG’s attempt to unify international sales law. An assessment of its successfulness PDF Author: Fabian Junge
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668126275
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 20

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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, grade: 1,3, Maastricht University, course: International Commercial Law, language: English, abstract: One of the main constraints on cross-border commerce has always been diverging national legal regimes. With the emergence of globalization starting in the last century it became evident that there is a need to approximate the existing rules to foster international trade. In theory, this should allow all participating actors to benefit more than ever leading in the long run to greater wealth for everyone. In 1980, 42 countries agreed on the CISG to address hindrances to the growing international trade by adopting a default uniform international framework for the sales of goods. The preamble specifies that “the adoption of uniform rules which govern contracts for the international sale of goods and take into account the different social, economic and legal systems would contribute to the removal of legal barriers in international trade and promote the development of international trade”. At the time of writing, the CISG has been in force for 27 years and it is time to evaluate whether the goals the drafters had in mind have been achieved. In order to assess the successfulness of the CISG to promote a unified international sales law a multitude of factors can be taken into account. To not unduly exceed the limits of this paper the author determined three key criteria on whose basis the successfulness will be evaluated. Firstly, the acceptance of the CISG in the international community will be evaluated. Secondly, the influence of the CISG on subsequent international, regional and domestic legislation and initiatives relating to sales and contract law will be addressed. Lastly, after determining the scope of application the paper focuses on the CISG’s capacity to safeguard and foster its uniform application.

Is the Vienna Convention on International Sale of Goods Too Much Influenced by Civil Law and Should it Contain a Rule on the Passing of Property?

Is the Vienna Convention on International Sale of Goods Too Much Influenced by Civil Law and Should it Contain a Rule on the Passing of Property? PDF Author: Benjamin Mahr
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638760588
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 42

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Book Description
Essay from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Law, grade: Distinction (84%), The University of Sydney (Faculty of Law), course: International Business Law, language: English, abstract: INTRODUCTION The Vienna Convention on International Sale of Goods [The Vienna Convention] is by far not the first attempt to harmonize international commercial code - there is a history of efforts to harmonization that goes back to the beginning of the 20th century. In 1930 the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law [UNIDROIT] was created in Europe. It developed its first draft sales law in 1935 and resumed its efforts in 1951 producing a draft commercial code which was circulated until the early 1960's. The first successful intermediate stage was reached, when in 1964 The Hague Conference adopted the Uniform Law for the International Sale of Goods [ULIS] and the Uniform Law for the Formation of Contracts [ULF]. High expectations accompanied the signing of the Hague Convention on Sales, but only a small number of countries ratified the Hague Convention and its application was strictly reduced to these member states. "It was especially disappointing that the Hague Conventions were not ratified by some of the signatory states - such as France and the United States - which had exercised considerable influence on the formulation of their rules." Despite the partial failure of the Hague Conventions international efforts to harmonization of sales law were still going on. In 1966 the United Nations founded The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law [UNCITRAL] which gave top priority to establishing a uniform international trade law. The efforts of a group comprised of 14 nations lead to the first draft text of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods [CISG] which was "deliberated at the eleventh session of UNCITRAL in 1978 in New York" and then circulated "among the governments of UN member states for t

Remedies for International Sellers of Goods - Second Edition

Remedies for International Sellers of Goods - Second Edition PDF Author: Center for International Legal Studies (CILS)
Publisher: Juris Publishing, Inc.
ISBN: 157823297X
Category : Conflict of laws
Languages : en
Pages : 1070

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Book Description
Remedies for International Sellers of Goods Vol 1+2 is a required work for all of those involved in international sales. The work includes coverage of 56 countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia and the Pacific, and the Middle East, Remedies for International Sellers of Goods includes detailed discussion and analysis for each jurisdiction covered, including coverage of the Uniform Law on the International Sales of Goods, and an overview of the various types of letter of credit agreements frequently used to finance cross-border sales. The work also contains the rules applicable to letter of credit arrangements, international standard contract clauses, the steps required to assure secured sales transactions, and the remedies available to those involved in disputes over the cross-border sale of goods. Analysis and discussion also includes the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, the Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods, and the Uniform Law on the Formation of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. Put quite simply, Remedies for International Sellers of Goods is a work that anyone involved with international sales transaction cannot do without.

An International Restatement of Contract Law: The UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts

An International Restatement of Contract Law: The UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts PDF Author: Michael Joachim Bonell
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN: 900419469X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 706

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Book Description
The Unidroit Principles of International Contracts, first published in 1994, have met with extraordinary success in the legal and business community worldwide. Prepared by a group of eminent experts from all major legal systems of the world, they provide a comprehensive set of rules for international commercial contracts. This new edition of An International Restatement of Contract Law is the first comprehensive introduction to the Unidroit Principles 2004. In addition, it provides an extensive survey and analysis of the actual use of the Unidroit Principles in practice with special emphasis on the different ways in which they have been interpreted and applied by the courts and arbitral tribunals in the hundred or so cases reported worldwide. The book also contains the full text of the Preamble and the 180 articles of the Unidroit Principles 2004 in Chinese, English, French, German, Italian and Russian as well as the 1994 edition in Spanish.

Review of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) 2002-2003

Review of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) 2002-2003 PDF Author: Michael Maggi
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9041122761
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 347

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Book Description
Nations in all regions of the world today share a common international sales law, The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). The Convention was prepared by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and adopted by a diplomatic conference on 11 April 1980. Since then, the number of countries that have adopted the CISG account for over two-thirds of all world trade. The area of international sales law continues to grow as technology and development take us to a global economy. As such, the study of the CISG has become an integral component of this ever-growing area of international commercial law. The Review of the CISG is published once yearly and features articles written by prominent legal scholars in the field of international sale of goods from around the world. In addition to scholarly writings analyzing the various articles of the CISG, the book seeks to compile translations of recent decisions as well as commentaries of notable cases relating to the CISG. The Review of the CISG provides both a forum for legal discussion within the international legal community in the area of international sales law and as an authoritative source of reference for international scholars.

An International Approach to the Interpretation of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1980) as Uniform Sales Law

An International Approach to the Interpretation of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1980) as Uniform Sales Law PDF Author: John Felemegas
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521868723
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 544

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Book Description
In 1980, the United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) came into being as an attempt to create a uniform commercial sales law. This book, first published in 2007, compares two major restatements - the UNIDROIT Principles and the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL) - with CISG articles. This work has gathered scholars and legal practitioners from twenty countries who contribute analysis on the various issues covered in the articles of the CISG comparing them with how the issue is treated in the UNIDROIT and PECL restatements.The introductory section of the book addresses theoretical and practical issues of the appropriate interpretive methodology as mandated in CISG Article 7 and it is followed by individual analyses of the Convention's provisions.

Unification and Harmonization of International Commercial Law

Unification and Harmonization of International Commercial Law PDF Author: Morten Fogt
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9041140751
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 304

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Book Description
In theory, the numerous existing formal instruments designed to unify or harmonize international commercial law should achieve the implied (and desired) end result: resolution of the legal uncertainty and lack of predictability in the legal position of traders. However, it is well known that they fall far short of such an outcome. This innovative book (based on a conference held at the University of Aarhus in October 2009) offers deeply considered, authoritative responses to important practical questions that have still not been answered comprehensively, and that need to be answered for the efficient conduct of international commerce and for the future development of international commercial law. These questions include: ; Can clearly preferred methods of unification and harmonization be identified? What are the benefits of achieving unification and harmonization by means of party autonomy and contract practice? Is it necessary first to harmonize some aspects of private international law? Which aspects of unification and harmonization should be formal, and which can remain informal? How should formal and informal measures interact? What conflicts are likely to arise, and what resolutions are available? Should tensions be seen as inevitable, positive, and necessary? Which of several international instruments are applicable, and what order of priority should apply? Sixteen different nationalities are represented, allowing for fruitful discussion across all major legal systems. Prominent scholars and experienced practitioners offer deeply informed insights into how to navigate the complex field of international commercial law with its multiplicity of instruments, and how to resolve or neutralize the possible defects of various different means of unification and harmonization of international commercial law. These insights and proposals are sure to be welcomed by interested academics, practitioners, judges, arbitrators, and businessmen throughout the world at global, regional, and local levels.

Commercial Contract Law

Commercial Contract Law PDF Author: Larry A. DiMatteo
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107028086
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 623

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Book Description
Part I. The Role of Consent: 1. Transatlantic perspectives: fundamental themes and debates Larry A. DiMatteo, Qi Zhou and Séverine Saintier 2. Competing theories of contract: an emerging consensus? Martin A. Hogg 3. Contracts, courts and the construction of consent Tom W. Joo 4. Are mortgage contracts promises? Curtis Bridgeman Part II. Normative Views of Contract: 5. Naturalistic contract Peter A. Alces 6. Contract in a networked world Roger Brownsword 7. Contract, transactions, and equity T.T. Arvind Part III. Contract Design and Good Faith: 8. Reasonability in contract design Nancy S. Kim 9. Managing change in uncertain times: relational view of good faith Zoe Ollerenshaw Part IV. Implied Terms and Interpretation: 10. Implied terms in English contract law Richard Austen-Baker 11. Contract interpretation: judicial rule, not party choice Juliet Kostritsky Part V. Policing Contracting Behavior: 12. The paradox of the French method of calculating the compensation of commercial agents and the importance of conceptualising the remedial scheme under Directive 86/653 Séverine Saintier 13. Unconscionability in American contract law Chuck Knapp 14. Unfair terms in comparative perspective: software contracts Jean Braucher 15. (D)CFR initiative and consumer unfair terms Mel Kenny Part VI. Misrepresentation, Breach and Remedies: 16. Remedies for misrepresentation: an integrated system David Capper 17. Re-examining damages for fraudulent misrepresentation James Devenney 18. Remedies for documentary breaches: English law and the CISG Djakhongir Saidov Part VII. Harmonizing Contract Law: 19. Harmonisation European contract law: default and mandatory rules Qi Zhou 20. Harmonization and its discontents: a critique of the transaction cost argument for a European contract law David Campbell and Roger Halson 21. Europeanisation of contract law and the proposed common European sales law Hector MacQueen 22. Harmonization of international sales law Larry A. DiMatteo.

International Law of the Sale of Goods

International Law of the Sale of Goods PDF Author: Dr. V.V.L.N. Sastry
Publisher: Dr. V.V.L.N. Sastry
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 37

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Book Description
The process that led to the creation of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and the convention itself have set a solid benchmark for commercial law unification since the 1980s. The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) formulated the CISG in an environment bedevilled by political, as well as regional, divisions, which are typical of many of the United Nations (UN) bodies. By and large, the CISG sets down a uniform, or standardised, global goods sale law. As at present, 88 nation-states have since ratified the CISG, joining its global regime. Arguably, the CISG has succeeded markedly in moving the world towards the realisation of the largely elusive objective of standardised legal outcomes on a strictly international scale. Owing to the existence of the CISG, exporters are capable of steering clear of choice of law worries. That is because the CISG presents conventional substantive rules that can be dependent upon by not only arbitrators but also the courts and contracting parties. Clearly, the CISG, is a striking success.