The Global HIV Epidemics Among Men who Have Sex with Men PDF Download
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Author: Andrea L. Wirtz
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 082138726X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
This is the first study to systematically review the available data on MSM in Low and Medium Income Countries and model the impact of responses to MSM on overall country epidemics, using Peru, Ukraine, Kenya, and Thailand as examples.
Author: Andrea L. Wirtz
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 082138726X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
This is the first study to systematically review the available data on MSM in Low and Medium Income Countries and model the impact of responses to MSM on overall country epidemics, using Peru, Ukraine, Kenya, and Thailand as examples.
Author: King K. Holmes
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464805253
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 506
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Book Description
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Author: Deanna Kerrigan
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821397753
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
A global economic analysis of HIV infection amongst sex workers, finding that evidence based and rights affirming interventions are not implemented to the level that their efficacy warrants, and that doing so at scale would be cost effective and deliver significant returns on investment.
Author: Francisca Ayodeji Akala
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821381385
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
"Despite global progress in understanding the epidemiology of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), knowledge about the epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remains limited and subject to much controversy. In the more than 25 years since the discovery of HIV, no scientific study has provided a comprehensive, data-driven synthesis of the spread of HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) in the region. Consequently, the effectiveness of policies, programs, and resources intended to address the spread of HIV/AIDS has been compromised. This report aims to fill the knowledge gap by providing the first-ever comprehensive scientific assessment and data-driven epidemiological synthesis of HIV's spread in MENA. It is based on a literature review and analysis of thousands of largely unrecognized publications, reports, and data sources extracted from scientific literature or collected from sources at the local, national, and regional levels. The resulting collection of data provides a solid foundation on which efforts to stem the spread of HIV/AIDS can be based. 'Characterizing the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa' will be of particular interest to policy makers, researchers, development practitioners, and specialists in public health and epidemiology."
Author: Roger Winder
Publisher: Unaids Regional Support Team East and Southern Africa
ISBN:
Category : Gay men
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
The term "men who have sex with men" - frequently shortened to MSM - describes a behaviour rather than a specific group of people. It includes self-identified gay, bisexual, transgendered or heterosexual men. Many men who have sex with men do not consider themselves gay or bisexual. They are often married, particularly where discriminatory laws or social stigma of male sexual relations exist. Largely because of the taboo, the female partners of men who have sex with men are often unaware of their partner's other liaisons, and the threat posed to themselves. Forced sex among men is not uncommon, especially in men-only environments such as prisons. Men who have sex with men are found in all societies, yet are largely invisible in many places. In terms of HIV, sex between men is significant because it can involve anal sex, which when unprotected carries a very high risk. Sex between men is thought to account for between 5 and 10% of global HIV infections, although the proportion of cases attributed to this mode of transmission varies considerably between countries. It is the predominant mode in much of the developed world. Globally less than one in twenty men who have sex with men have access to the HIV prevention and care services they need. Many factors contribute to this situation including denial by society and communities, stigma and discrimination, and human rights abuse. Vulnerability to HIV infection is increased where sex between men is criminalised, as men are either excluded from, or exclude themselves from, sexual health and welfare agencies out of fear. A range of interventions to reduce risk behaviours among men who have sex with men have proven successful, including: condom promotion, safer-sex campaigns and skills training; peer education with outreach programmes; and programmes tailored to subpopulations such as male sex workers and men in prisons. Specific policy measures are crucial for making prevention, care and support available to men who have sex with men. First and foremost, they must be included in national HIV programming and funding priorities. The governments must support organisations of men who have sex with men, enabling them to promote HIV prevention and care programmes and to participate in HIV planning and policymaking. Legislation should be changed, decriminalizing same-sex acts and providing protective laws against discrimination based on sexual orientation.
Author: Chris Beyrer
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 9780801886478
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
Provides critical evidenced based assessements and tools with which to investigate the role of rights abrogation in the health of populations.
Author: Feng Zhao
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464815240
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Book Description
The Eastern Europe and Central Asia region has the world’s fastestgrowing HIV epidemic. Although still concentrated, the epidemic has diversified, affecting several key populations in many countries. This change has increased the number of people in need, the ways the epidemic can spread, and the complexity of formulating an effective strategy to combat it. At the same time, international funding is insufficient to cover the growing need, and domestic plans to cover the funding gaps, in many cases, fall short. In this environment, the need to use data to make the best possible decisions about using available funds is essential. Tackling the World’s Fastest-Growing HIV Epidemic tells the story of how, in 11 countries across Eastern Europe and Central Asia, small groups of decision-makers and experts came together to carry out innovative, groundbreaking analyses for each country. It details the steps these nations have taken to strengthen their HIV programs based on the findings while highlighting critical issues for the road ahead. In so doing, the book also shows the potential of what can be done with a mathematical model and how it can support real-life improvements in policy and more efficacious budget allocations. It is the record of a unique undertaking to improve public health investments that offers lessons for many communities.
Author: Theo Sandfort
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030737268
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
This book addresses the impact of HIV on populations of men who have sex with men in Africa and local responses to the issue. It documents the enduring existence of a rich variety of same-sex practices between men. More critically, it analyses how the denial and social rejection of same-sex sexuality, together with the legacy of criminalization by former colonial rulers, has not only fueled the transmission of HIV between men, but has also impeded an effective response. The book also documents some of the outstanding progress that has been made and acknowledges the differences between African countries. Through its focus on lived realities and grassroots activism in Africa, this book will appeal to researchers, policy makers and practitioners alike.
Author: Unaids
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9291737925
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 21
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Book Description
Annotation. Business as usual is no longer a viable response to the HIV-related risks of men who have sex with men and transgender people. Where data exist on HIV in these populations, they show that our collective responses are failing far more often than they are reaching scale or succeeding. Just as disconcerting, in many parts of the world, is the fact that few reliable data exist at all.
Author: Arin Dutta
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 082139777X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
A global economic analysis of HIV infection amongst people who inject drugs, finding that harm reduction interventions are not implemented to the level that their efficacy warrants, and that doing so at scale would be both cost effective and responsive to a human rights imperative.
