Introduction to Gibraltar PDF Download
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Author: Gilad James, PhD
Publisher: Gilad James Mystery School
ISBN: 0235410675
Category : Travel
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, serving as a gateway between Europe and Africa. It has a total area of 6.7 km², making it one of the smallest territories in the world. With a population of approximately 34,000, Gibraltar is a densely populated region with a culturally diverse community comprising British, Spanish, and North African individuals. It is known for its strategic location and imposing Rock of Gibraltar, a limestone massif rising 426 meters above sea level. Gibraltar's unique position has played an important role in its history, with evidence of human habitation dating back to the Neanderthal era. The British seized control of the territory in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession and has occupied it ever since, despite numerous attempts by Spain to reclaim the territory. Today, Gibraltar is an important center for tourism, finance, and shipping commerce. It has a vibrant economy and maintains strong cultural ties to its neighboring Spanish cities of Algeciras and La Linea.
Author: Gilad James, PhD
Publisher: Gilad James Mystery School
ISBN: 0235410675
Category : Travel
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, serving as a gateway between Europe and Africa. It has a total area of 6.7 km², making it one of the smallest territories in the world. With a population of approximately 34,000, Gibraltar is a densely populated region with a culturally diverse community comprising British, Spanish, and North African individuals. It is known for its strategic location and imposing Rock of Gibraltar, a limestone massif rising 426 meters above sea level. Gibraltar's unique position has played an important role in its history, with evidence of human habitation dating back to the Neanderthal era. The British seized control of the territory in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession and has occupied it ever since, despite numerous attempts by Spain to reclaim the territory. Today, Gibraltar is an important center for tourism, finance, and shipping commerce. It has a vibrant economy and maintains strong cultural ties to its neighboring Spanish cities of Algeciras and La Linea.
Author: James Croll
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gibraltar, Strait of
Languages : en
Pages : 27
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Book Description
Author: T. Laevastu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
The Hydrodynamical Numerical (HN) model of Walter Hansen has been used to compute tides and currents in the Strait of Gibraltar. The model has two open boundaries at which the tides were prescribed at each time step, using four tidal constituents. The grid size was two nautical miles, and the time step (from Courant criterion) was 24 seconds. Equilibrium was established after 20 hours of real-time computation. The main results from these model runs were: (1) At mean tides, the inflowing currents are stronger and last somewhat longer than the outflowing currents. (2) There is net inflow into the Mediterranean Sea caused by tidal currents alone (excluding wind and sea level difference). (3) The tides computed with the HN model were in good agreement with those obtained from the harmonic method at points where harmonic constants were available. There was also a good agreement between computed currents and the few available current measurements. (4) The HN model gave a net transport of 1-48 cukm per hour into the Mediterranean in the upper 100 m. This value is somewhat higher than previous estimates; however, heat budget considerations require a higher water exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar than do previous estimates. (Author).
Author: J.C.J. Nihoul
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080870724
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 571
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Book Description
Hydrodynamics of Semi-Enclosed Seas
Author: Julio Candela
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ocean currents
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
Pressure and current observations taken during the Gibraltar Experiment (Oct. 85 - Oct. 86) are examined to describe the variability of the flow in the strait. It is found that these fluctuating currents, although principally barotropic, have a strong influence on the exchange of waters. In the strait tidal motions have a strong semidiurnal character. The cotidal chart for the principal semidiurnal constituent presents a complicated local diffraction pattern, which is shown to be the manifestation of simple, along- and across-strait momentum balances. Along the strain, the pressure gradient is mainly balanced by the acceleration of the flow, although friction can be of appreciable magnitude, corresponding to decay time scales of 3-16 hours. Across the strait the momentum balance appears mostly geostrophic. At the sill the tidal transport in the upper layer exceeds that in the lower layer nearly a factor of 2. At the eastern end of the strait, the tidal transport is larger in the lower layer. This apparent shift in the location of maximum tidal transport is explained in terms of the fluctuating interface which acts as a membrane between Atlantic and Mediterranean waters at tidal frequencies. Subinertial flows have periods ranging from days to a few months. The observed subinertial transport is well correlated with atmospheric pressure fluctuations over the Mediterranean Sea.
Author: Gunnvald Bøyum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ocean currents
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
Author: United States. Hydrographic Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pilot guides
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
Author: John Purdy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pilot guides
Languages : en
Pages : 544
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Book Description
Author: L.J. Pratt
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400906773
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 585
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Book Description
Suppose one were given the task of mapping the general circulation in an unfamiliar ocean. The ocean, like our own, is subdivided into basins and marginal seas interconnected by sea straits. Assuming a limited budget for this undertaking, one would do well to choose the straits as observational starting points. To begin with, the currents flowing from one basin to the next, over possibly wide and time-varying paths, are confined to narrow and stable routes within the straits. Mass, heat and chemical budgets for individual basins can be formulated in terms of the fluxes measured across the straits using a relatively small number of instruments. The confinement of the flow by a strait can also give rise to profound dynamical conse quences including choking or hydraulic control, a process similar to that by which a dam regulates the flow from a reservoir. The funneling geometry can lead to enhanced tidal modulation and increased velocities, giving rise to local instabilities, mixing, internal bores, jumps, and other striking hydraulic and fine scale phenomena. In short, sea straits repre sent choke points which are observationally and dynamically strategic and which contain a full range of fascinating physical processes.
Author: John Purdy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
