Author: Toni-Anne M. Dixon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brook trout
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Taurine is a naturally existing b-amino acid found in high concentration in vertebrate cardiomyocytes and contributes to a diversity of cardioregulatory functions. Taurine fluctuations in mammals are quite uncommon because of the absence of osmotic challenges. Contrastingly, fish experience these osmotic imbalances and taurine's ability to regulate cell volume may play an essential role in these species. Efficient cardiac cycling is essential to the growth and survival of a species in stress and non-stress environments. A decline in intracellular taurine levels has been associated with a decline in the cardiac muscle's ability to maintain normal function under hypoxia-induced stress. Although poorly understood in teleosts, taurine has been identified as an essential amino acid in mediating Ca2+handling, reducing oxidative stress and acting as an osmoregulator. The main goal of this study is to determine the effects of taurine depletion on the cardiovascular system in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). We addressed this gap in knowledge by creating two experimental groups, one fed with a 5% b-alanine supplemented feed to inhibit intracellular taurine concentrations and a control fed group. These groups were further analyzed under control and hypoxic conditions. Utilizing an invitro perfused heart preparation, we saw that cardiac function was significantly impaired. Taurine deficient (TD) hearts had significantly lower power outputs whereas there were no significant differences in cardiac output, stroke volume or muscle contractility in TD hearts under oxygenation indicating that heart function was unaffected under optimal conditions. Although in TD hearts we observed significant decreases in cardiac output, stoke volume and power output under hypoxia and even reoxygenation. Taurine deficiency had no direct effects on muscle contractility but was significantly affected by hypoxia and reoxygenation. Previous studies have shown that cardiac taurine deficiency reduced sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+-ATPase activity affecting contractility in mammals and this effect translates in our brook trout model. Oxidative stress was significantly decreased in TD hearts compared to the control hearts under both oxygenation and hypoxic reoxygenation. Previous studies that show mitochondrial uncoupling in TD hearts in brook trout may provide the basis to understand this proposed antioxidant effect of taurine deficiency. Intracellular taurine is clearly important to support cardiac performance and stress tolerance in fish. The OCLTT hypothesis suggests that cardiac performance determines upper stress tolerance limits in fish. With the current threat of climate change, taurine supplementation may protect heart function and promote survival.
Author: Emma-Lee M. Rhyno
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brook trout
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Nir El
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brook trout
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Samuel Patrick McGaw
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brook trout
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Nathan A. C. Otley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brook trout
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Corinne Conway
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquaculture
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Author: Ryan J. Huxtable
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 030642665X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
There has been an increasing interest in the biological action of taurine from metabolic aspects to other biological aspects (nutrition, development, etc.). In 1975 it was first demonstrated that taurine deprivation product retinal degeneration that taurine deprivation produced retinal degeneration in cats: more recent studies showed that a taurine-free diet or the administration of taurine transport inhibitors caused retinal degeneration in other mammlas. More recent studies have pointed out the role of taurine in development, and the first part of this book is dedicated to these topics. From the pioneer work of Read and Welty, which showed the antiarrhythmic action of taurine, particular attention has been focussed on the effect of taurine on cardiovascular regulation. One important issue is inotropism and the cardioprotective effect of taurine.
Author: Abdeslem El Idrissi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461461308
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Taurine 8 represents the combined efforts of investigators on the roles of the amino acid taurine on human health and disease. The chapters covered in this book are directly derived from presentations of the contributors at the 18th International Taurine Meeting held in Marrakech, Morocco in April 2012. The purpose of this book is to disseminate current findings on taurine's contribution in several organ systems. This book covers the following topics: Taurine in the Nervous System, Taurine in the Immune System, Taurine and Diabetes, and Taurine and the Cardiovascular System. Dr. Abdeslem El Idrissi, College of Staten Island and Dr. William L’Amoreaux, College of Staten Island, were co-chairs of the Organizing Committee for the meeting. Data presented at this meeting provided compelling evidence that taurine is not only cytoprotective in cardiomyocytes, but also is a potent GABA agonist, whereby it can facilitate vasodilation of conducting arteries. Taurine conjugates, such as taurine chloramine, may protect cells from oxidative stress via increased HO-1 expression. In adult rodents, taurine has a potent effect on plasma glucose levels, likely through the release of insulin in pancreatic beta cells. As a potential neurotransmitter, taurine is known to work via the GABAergic system, but current research presented at this meeting suggest that taurine may interact with glutamate and serotonin receptors as well. Data are also presented to demonstrate the protective roles of taurine on neurons in neuroblastoma. Perhaps the most important and exciting presentation is the role of taurine and alcohol: the combination may be lethal. Data are also presented at this meeting of the potential role taurine may have as an adjuvant treatment with cisplatin in chemotherapy.
Author: Dong-Hee Lee
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9402410791
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1181
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Taurine 10 contains original articles and critical reviews based on the oral and poster presentations of XX International Taurine Meeting held in Seoul, Korea in May 2016. The purpose of the book is to present current ideas, new avenues and research regarding biological functions and clinical applications of taurine and taurine derivatives. It focuses on all aspects of taurine research including the cardiovascular system, the immune system, diabetes, the central nervous system, endocrine system and the role of taurine supplements in nutrition. It also includes presentations of novel animal experimental models using Cdo1 and CSAD knock-out mice.
Author: Radka Lee Sevcik
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Climatic changes
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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