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Author: Frew Hailu
Publisher: Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag)
ISBN: 3954893541
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 113
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Book Description
Author: Frew Hailu
Publisher: Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag)
ISBN: 3954893541
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 113
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Frew Hailu
Publisher: diplom.de
ISBN: 3954898543
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
This study attempts to investigate the effect of government expenditure on private investment in Ethiopia over the period 1980-2012. The central question of this study is weather government expenditure has a positive or crowding in effect (complementary hypothesis) or a negative or crowding out effect (the substitutability hypothesis )on private investment in Ethiopia. To achieve its objective it adopted a modified flexible accelerator model to enlighten on the economic relationship between private investment and the other variables and used the modern technique of vector auto regressive model (VAR) and vector error correction model(VECM)as its methodology. The study also used the Johansen-Juselius (1990) cointegration analysis of a multivariate system of equation to estimate the long run relationship between government expenditure and private investment to determine the order of integration of the variable and Granger-Causality test was undertaken to determine causal relationship between the variables. In addition to this the study employs the Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) unit root test and phillip perron test. The statistical tests reveal that all-time series data are non-stationary in their level and they become stationary after diffrencing.i.e.they are integrated of order one I(1).The johansen-juselius cointegration test shows that the series are cointegrated and then employs the vector error correction model moreover the study applies the impulse response function (IRF)and forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD) to investigate the effect of government investment shocks on private investment. And the empirical findings support the complementary hypothesis between government capital expenditure and private investment and that tends to crowd-in private investment in Ethiopia. And the empirical finding of recurrent part of government expenditure shows a mixed effect of complementary hypothesis and substitutability hypothesis which tends to crowd-in and crowd out effect .Thus government expenditure have a positive as well as negative effect on private investment and finally the study is used CHOW test in order to know whether structural break has an effect on private investment or not and the result depict that there is a structural break that have a positive effect on private investment of Ethiopia.
Author: Ms.Keiko Honjo
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 145192240X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 61
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Book Description
This paper assesses the efficiency of government expenditure on education and health in 38 countries in Africa in 1984-95, both in relation to each other and compared with countries in Asia and the Western Hemisphere. The results show that, on average, countries in Africa are less efficient than countries in Asia and the Western Hemisphere; however, education and health spending in Africa became more efficient during that period. The assessment further suggests that improvements in educational attainment and health output in African countries require more than just higher budgetary allocations.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451974159
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
This paper examines the empirical evidence on the contribution that government and, in particular, capital expenditure make to the growth performance of a sample of developing countries. Using the Denison growth accounting approach, this study finds that social expenditures may have a significant impact on growth in the short run, but infrastructure expenditures may have little influence. While current expenditures for directly productive purposes may exert a positive influence, capital expenditure in these sectors appears to exert a negative influence. Experiments with other explanatory variables confirm the importance of the growth of exports to the overall growth rate.
Author: Mr.Paolo Mauro
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451852096
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
This paper discusses the possible causes and consequences of corruption. It provides a synthetic review of recent studies that analyze this phenomenon empirically. In addition, it presents further results on the effects of corruption on growth and investment, and new cross-country evidence on the link between corruption and the composition of government expenditure.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451977026
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
This paper analyzes the effects of several policy and other macro-economic variables on the ratio of private investment to GDP in developing countries. Using data for a sample of 23 developing countries over the period 1975-87, the econometric evidence indicates that the rate of private investment is positively related to the real growth rate of GDP, public sector investment, and to a lesser extent the level of per capita GDP, while it is negatively related to domestic inflation, the debt service ratio, the debt-to-GDP ratio, and high real interest rates. There is also some indication that all but the last of these variables had a greater impact before the onset of the debt crisis in 1982, while the debt-to-GDP ratio (a measure of a country’s debt overhang) has become more important since then.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498344658
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 257
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Book Description
This paper explores how fiscal policy can affect medium- to long-term growth. It identifies the main channels through which fiscal policy can influence growth and distills practical lessons for policymakers. The particular mix of policy measures, however, will depend on country-specific conditions, capacities, and preferences. The paper draws on the Fund’s extensive technical assistance on fiscal reforms as well as several analytical studies, including a novel approach for country studies, a statistical analysis of growth accelerations following fiscal reforms, and simulations of an endogenous growth model.
Author: Frew Hailu
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3656766711
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1 (A), Wollega University (wollega University), course: Development Economics, language: English, abstract: This study attempts to investigate the effect of government expenditure on private investment in Ethiopia over the period 1980-2012. The central question of this study is weather government expenditure has a positive or crowding in effect (complementary hypothesis) or a negative or crowding out effect (the substitutability hypothesis )on private investment in Ethiopia. To achieve its objective it adopted a modified flexible accelerator model to enlighten on the economic relationship between private investment and the other variables and used the modern technique of vector auto regressive model (VAR) and vector error correction model(VECM)as its methodology. The study also used the Johansen-Juselius (1990) cointegration analysis of a multivariate system of equation to estimate the long run relationship between government expenditure and private investment to determine the order of integration of the variable and Granger-Causality test was undertaken to determine causal relationship between the variables. In addition to this the study employs the Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) unit root test and phillip perron test. The statistical tests reveal that all-time series data are non-stationary in their level and they become stationary after diffrencing.i.e.they are integrated of order one I(1).The johansen-juselius cointegration test shows that the series are cointegrated and then employs the vector error correction model moreover the study applies the impulse response function (IRF)and forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD) to investigate the effect of government investment shocks on private investment. And the empirical findings support the complementary hypothesis between government capital expenditure and private investment and that tends to crowd-in private investment in Ethiopia. And the empirical finding of recurrent part of government expenditure shows a mixed effect of complementary hypothesis and substitutability hypothesis which tends to crowd-in and crowd out effect .Thus government expenditure have a positive as well as negative effect on private investment and finally the study is used CHOW test in order to know whether structural break has an effect on private investment or not and the result depict that there is a structural break that have a positive effect on private investment of Ethiopia. Keyword: Government expenditure, private investment, VAR, crowding-In, crowding out, Ethiopia
Author: Lant Pritchett
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 6010532299
Category : Capital
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
May 2000 - Using the word capital to represent two different concepts is not such a problem when government is responsible for only a small fraction of national investment and is reasonably effective (as in the United States). But when government is a major investor and is ineffective, the gap between capital and cumulative, depreciated investment effort (CUDIE) may be enormous. A public sector steel mill may absorb billions as an investment, but if it cannot produce steel it has zero value as capital. The cost of public investment is not the value of public capital. Unlike for private investors, there is no remotely plausible behavioral model of the government as investor that suggests that every dollar the public sector spends as investment creates capital in an economic sense. This seemingly obvious point has so far been uniformly ignored in the voluminous empirical literature on economic growth, which uses, at best, cumulated, depreciated investment effort (CUDIE) to estimate capital stocks. But in developing countries especially, the difference between investment cumulated at cost and capital value is of primary empirical importance: government investment is half or more of total investment. And perhaps as much as half or more of government investment spending has not created equivalent capital. This suggests that nearly everything empirical written in three broad areas is misguided. First, none of the estimates of the impact of public spending identify the productivity of public capital. Even where public capital could be very productive, regressions and evaluations may suggest that public investment spending has little impact. Second, everything currently said about total factor productivity in developing countries is deeply suspect, as there is no way empirically to distinguish between low output (or growth) attributable to investments that created no factors and low output (or growth) attributable to low (or slow growth in) productivity in using accumulated factors. Third, multivariate growth regressions to date have not, in fact, controlled for the growth of capital stock, so spurious interpretations have emerged. This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the importance of public sector actions for economic growth.
Author: Commission on Growth and Development
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821374923
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
The result of two years work by 19 experienced policymakers and two Nobel prize-winning economists, 'The Growth Report' is the most complete analysis to date of the ingredients which, if used in the right country-specific recipe, can deliver growth and help lift populations out of poverty.
