The effect of Government budget deficit on monetary aggregates and the foreign sector. The case of Ethiopia PDF Download
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Author: Tewolde Girma Hailemikael
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 366841887X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: Very good, Bahir Dar University, course: Economic Policy analysis, language: English, abstract: The main objective of the study is to examine the effect of budget deficit on monetary aggregates and the foreign sector of Ethiopia using the Vector Error Correction Model over the period 1970/71 to 2010/11. Estimation result shows the existence of a fairly significant relationship between fiscal deficit, monetary aggregates and the foreign sector in Ethiopia. Budget deficit is at the root of monetary expansion. Monetary expansion intern contributes positively to rising inflation and overvalued exchange rate. The Inflation and overvalued exchange rate intern contributes to the low performances of the foreign sector through adversely affecting export incentive. Fiscal deficit for small open economy like Ethiopia is also sign of stimulated domestic import demand, because government not only spends on goods and services produced in domestic economy. Thus, the result is in favor of the twin deficit hypothesis therefore fiscal restraint bucked by export diversification will improve the performance of the foreign sector and status of inflation.
Author: Tewolde Girma Hailemikael
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 366841887X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: Very good, Bahir Dar University, course: Economic Policy analysis, language: English, abstract: The main objective of the study is to examine the effect of budget deficit on monetary aggregates and the foreign sector of Ethiopia using the Vector Error Correction Model over the period 1970/71 to 2010/11. Estimation result shows the existence of a fairly significant relationship between fiscal deficit, monetary aggregates and the foreign sector in Ethiopia. Budget deficit is at the root of monetary expansion. Monetary expansion intern contributes positively to rising inflation and overvalued exchange rate. The Inflation and overvalued exchange rate intern contributes to the low performances of the foreign sector through adversely affecting export incentive. Fiscal deficit for small open economy like Ethiopia is also sign of stimulated domestic import demand, because government not only spends on goods and services produced in domestic economy. Thus, the result is in favor of the twin deficit hypothesis therefore fiscal restraint bucked by export diversification will improve the performance of the foreign sector and status of inflation.
Author: Fikadu Goshu
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3656862702
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
Scientific Study from the year 2014 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, Wollega University (Department of Economics), language: English, abstract: This study has examined the impact of foreign aid on government expenditure in Ethiopia over the period 1981 to 2012 using Multivariate Vector Auto Regression analysis. All the necessary time series tests such as stationary test, co-integration, weak exiguity, and other tests are conducted. The empirical result from the long run fungibility equation result indicates that sectoral aid has negative effect on its sector spending in developmental sectors except for agricultural sector government spending. The estimate of agricultural aid also support that a 1percent increase in agricultural aid leads to a 0.83percent increase in agricultural spending. Aid other than health aid also has positive impact on health spending. The positive coefficient of aid other than the health implies that there is an aid diversion towards health sector from the others. The negative coefficients of sectoral aid on the sector spending and the negative coefficients of aid other than sector-specific aid, indicate diversion of aid away from the specific sector. Negative coefficients of explanatory variables may arise when there is a diversion of categorical aid from developmental investment towards non developmental expenditure such as general service government expenditures. The result also shows education aid is fungible both in short and long run. Health aid is fungible in the long run but not in the short run. Agriculture aid is non fungible in both long and short run in Ethiopia. The coefficient of aid other than education aid has positive sign that implies the diversion of foreign aid to the education sector. Foreign aid have also negative impact on all of non developmental government spending In order to get the desired benefit from foreign aid, Ministry of Finance and Economic Development has to set sound financial management system which stimulates economic growth and mitigate any diversion of developmental sector aid to other non developmental expenditure particularly in education and health sectors. Therefore, effective and efficient monitoring system which was purpose oriented utilization of foreign aid is central to make sectoral spending non fungible in Ethiopia.
Author: Mrs.Sage De Clerck
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498379214
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 470
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Book Description
The 2007–09 international financial crisis underscored the importance of reliable and timely statistics on the general government and public sectors. Government finance statistics are a basis for fiscal analysis and they play a vital role in developing and monitoring sound fiscal programs and in conducting surveillance of economic policies. The Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014 represents a major step forward in clarifying the standards for compiling and presenting fiscal statistics and strengthens the worldwide effort to improve public sector reporting and transparency.
Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451956770
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
A central proposition regarding effects of different mechanisms of fi-nancing public expenditures is that, under specific circumstances, it makes no difference to the level of aggregate demand if the government finances its outlays by debt or taxation. This so-called Ricardian equivalence states that, for a given expenditure path, substitution of debt for taxes does not affect private sector wealth and consumption. This paper provides a model illustrating the implications of Ricardian equivalence, surveys the litera-ture, considers effects of relaxing the basic assumptions, provides a frame-work to study implications of various extensions, and critically reviews recent empirical work on Ricardian equivalence.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 9781589060616
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
This Manual, which updates the first edition published in 1986, is a major advance in the standards for compilation and presentation of fiscal statistics. It is intended as a reference volume for compilers of government finance statistics, fiscal analysts, and other users of fiscal data. The Manual introduces accrual accounting, balance sheets, and complete coverage of government economic and financial activities. It covers concepts, definitions, classifications, and accounting rules, and provides a comprehensive framework for analysis, planning, and policy determination. To the extent possible, the Manual has been harmonized with the System of National Accounts 1993.
Author: Richard Hemming
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the effectiveness of fiscal policy. The focus is on the size of fiscal multipliers, and on the possibility that multipliers can turn negative (i.e., that fiscal contractions can be expansionary). The paper concludes that fiscal multipliers are overwhelmingly positive but small. However, there is some evidence of negative fiscal multipliers.
Author: M. Ayhan Kose
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464815453
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 403
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Book Description
The global economy has experienced four waves of rapid debt accumulation over the past 50 years. The first three debt waves ended with financial crises in many emerging market and developing economies. During the current wave, which started in 2010, the increase in debt in these economies has already been larger, faster, and broader-based than in the previous three waves. Current low interest rates mitigate some of the risks associated with high debt. However, emerging market and developing economies are also confronted by weak growth prospects, mounting vulnerabilities, and elevated global risks. A menu of policy options is available to reduce the likelihood that the current debt wave will end in crisis and, if crises do take place, will alleviate their impact.
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780195211238
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Assessing Aid determines that the effectiveness of aid is not decided by the amount received but rather the institutional and policy environment into which it is accepted. It examines how development assistance can be more effective at reducing global poverty and gives five mainrecommendations for making aid more effective: targeting financial aid to poor countries with good policies and strong economic management; providing policy-based aid to demonstrated reformers; using simpler instruments to transfer resources to countries with sound management; focusing projects oncreating and transmitting knowledge and capacity; and rethinking the internal incentives of aid agencies.
Author: Leslie Lipschitz
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108568467
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Understanding macroeconomic developments and policies in the twenty-first century is daunting: policy-makers face the combined challenges of supporting economic activity and employment, keeping inflation low and risks of financial crises at bay, and navigating the ever-tighter linkages of globalization. Many professionals face demands to evaluate the implications of developments and policies for their business, financial, or public policy decisions. Macroeconomics for Professionals provides a concise, rigorous, yet intuitive framework for assessing a country's macroeconomic outlook and policies. Drawing on years of experience at the International Monetary Fund, Leslie Lipschitz and Susan Schadler have created an operating manual for professional applied economists and all those required to evaluate economic analysis.
Author: International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484338502
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 79
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Book Description
This IMF Staff Report for 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that Ethiopia has recorded annual average GDP growth of about ten percent in the last decade, driven by public investments in agriculture and infrastructure. The poverty rate has fallen from 44 percent in 2000 to 23.5 percent in 2015/16. In 2016/17 GDP growth is estimated at 9 percent, as agriculture rebounded from severe drought conditions in 2015/16. Industrial activity expanded, with continued investments in infrastructure and manufacturing. The current account deficit declined in 2016/17 to 8.2 percent of GDP. Over the medium term, growth is expected to remain about 8 percent, supported by sustained expansion in exports and investment.
