Author: Edna Bonacich
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520326725
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1980.
Author: Edna Bonacich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Bonacich and Modell explore class and ethnic behavior as reflected in the history of Japanese Americans in the Unites States. They demonstrate that involvement in certain types of self-consciously ethnic business structures supports the development and maintenance of Japanese American ethnic solidarity. The authors question the idea of ethnicity as a natural or primordial bond; they accept that ethnicity reflects social and political decisions; ethnic solidarity and antagonisms are socially constructed. Moreover, economic factors play a great role in maintenance or dissolution of ethnic bonds, and ethnic groups often function as economic-interest groups; when they no longer do so, they dissolve. Participation in wider society and professions diminishes such ethnicity. The middleman-minority thesis is used to interpret the experience of pre- and post-war Japanese Americans. The model comprises three traits: social and economic characteristics and society reactions. This study emphasizes the importance of a concentration in trade for creation and perpetuation of ethnicity. The middleman-minority model applies best to the first (Issei) generation of Japanese Americans. This generation had a peculiar economic position consisting of family-centered, non-contractual oriented firms doing business (primarily agricultural related) in the midst of a capitalist economy. Owners of these ethnic firms faced open hostility and discrimination, which drove them to develop and preserve their own distinctive ethnic associations and outlook. Characteristic features of Japanese American small businesses are identified. Using the structural framework of the "middleman minority," the authors explain the decreasing ethnic identity among second generation Japanese Americans in terms of the decreasing importance of small business as an economic base for the group, as members of this generation tended to move out into the professions. Using data from the Japanese American Research Project, the researcj examines the postwar development of this ethnic group to see to what degree pre-war economic forms have been reestablished among the second generation of Japanese Americans and the implications for their internal social organization and integration with the outside community. The pre-war ethnic economy was most revived by the oldest Japanese Americans. A division was found in the second (Nisei) generation, who are divided in economic orientation between small business and the professions. Degree of Nisei ethnicity and education are strongly related to birth date. The more educated Nisei moved into professions. Three important aspects of ethnic community are examined for the mid-1960s. Close family and kin relationships, and strong formal and informal ethnic associations, support and are supported by the middleman-minority ethnic economy. There is only a weak, but positive relationship between participation in small business and ethnic socialization and values; the relation is stronger for religion. The Sansei (children of the Nisei) show an even greater shift toward the professions than their parents. The study strongly departs from the "success story" or "model minority" approach of other ethnic research. Concludes that ethnic solidarity is a historical phenomenon; when ethnic minorities become like the majority economically, preserving their distinctiveness is difficult. (TNM).
Author: George J. Borjas
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192569333
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 602
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Book Description
This book presents a series of research articles written over the past four decades by leading economists George J. Borjas and Barry R. Chiswick. Borjas and Chiswick are leading experts on the adjustment of immigrants in their destination country and their impact on the economy. Although they worked separately throughout their careers, and did not always agree, their intellectual interaction has greatly increased understanding of the economic consequences of international migration and immigration policy across developed immigrant receiving countries. This volume brings together their contributions for the first time to demonstrate how public policy issues on immigration have evolved over time. An in-depth analysis of the key issues relating to international migration Foundations of Migration Economics explores the assimilation of immigrants, focusing on the earning changes of immigrants with a longer duration in the host economy; how immigrant networks and ethnic enclaves influence the labor market and linguistic adjustment of immigrants; determinants of language proficiency and to what extent pre-migration skills are effectively employed by the destination; and the effect of immigration on the earnings of earlier waves of immigrants and native-born workers.
Author: Enrique C. Ochoa
Publisher: University of Arizona Press
ISBN: 0816545464
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 341
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Book Description
As the twenth-first century begins, Latinas/os represent 45 percent of the residents of Los Angeles County, making them the largest racial/ethnic group in the region. At the same time, the shift from manufacturing to a service-based economy in the area has contributed to a decline in good-paying jobs, significantly impacting working class families. These transformations have created a backlash that has included state propositions impacting Latinas/os and escalating anti-immigrant rhetoric—and Latina/os of all backgrounds are making their voices heard. Until recently, most research on Latinas/os in the U.S. has ignored historical and contemporary dynamics in Latin America, just as scholars of Latin America have generally stopped their studies at the border. This volume roots Los Angeles in the larger arena of globalization, exploring the demographic changes that have transformed the Latino presence in LA from primarily Mexican-origin to one that now includes peoples from throughout the hemisphere. Bringing together scholars from a range of disciplines, it combines historical perspectives with analyses of power and inequality to consider how Latinas/os are responding to exclusionary immigration, labor, and schooling practices and actively creating communities. The contributors examine Latina/o Los Angeles in the context of historical, economic and social factors that have shaped the region. The first section provides contexts for understanding Latina/o migration, with chapters focusing on such factors as U.S. economic and military domination, labor and economic integration in the Americas, and Los Angeles’ economic history. The second section considers how various Latina/o groups have settled and formed communities and interacted with the existing Mexican-origin populations, showing how Zapotecs, Salvadorans, and other peoples are remaking urban demographics. The final section on labor organizing and political activism examines the role of Latina/o immigrants in such actions as the janitors’ strike and also considers the contemporary role of students in political activism. The volume concludes with an up-to-date compilation of contemporary scholarship on immigration, the economy, schools, neighborhoods, gender and activism as they relate to Central American and Mexican immigrants. Reflecting a range of methodologies—statistical, historical, ethnographic, and participatory research—this collection is relevant not only to ethnic studies but also to broader concerns in political science, sociology, history, economics, and urban studies. In addition, some chapters focus explicitly on women, and gender issues are interwoven throughout the text. Latino Los Angeles is an important work that contributes to contemporary scholarship on transnationalism as it reexamines the changing face of America’s largest western metropolis.
Author: Keiko Itoh
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9780700714872
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Explores the origins of the community, and compares the experience of the Japanese to that of other national groups. The book discusses the community's involvement in the arts, religion and sport; intermarriage; and the second generation, and concludes by considering the impact of deteriorating relations in the 1930s and of the Second World War.
Author: Prof. Alejandro Portes
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520907310
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
Latin Journey details an eight-year study of Mexican and Cuban immigrants.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264095837
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
Taking a cross-country perspective, this publication sheds light on migrant entrepreneurship, discussing policy options to foster the development and success of migrant businesses.
Author: David B. Grusky
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429974272
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1152
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Book Description
The book covers the research on economic inequality, including the social construction of racial categories, the uneven and stalled gender revolution, and the role of new educational forms and institutions in generating both equality and inequality.
Author: Jennifer Talwar
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429980175
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
Praise for Fast Food, Fast Track "A fine ethnography with both theoretical and advocative significance, representing the best qualitative sociology." — Choice "Explores the intimate realities and behind-the-scenes exchanges of a multiethnic work force serving the typical American meal. Through a lively narrative and insightful stories, Jennifer Parker Talwar gives a full sense of what it's like to live in both a global economy and a local culture." —Sharon Zukin, author of The Cultures of Cities No longer just pocket money for American teens, wages paid by multinational fast-food chains are going to a new generation of order-takers, burger-flippers, and basket-fryers—newly arrived immigrants hailing from China, the Caribbean, Latin America, and India, a colorful sea of faces has taken its place behind one of the most ubiquitous American business institutions—the fast-food counter. They have become a vital link between the growing service sector in our cities' ethnic enclaves and the multi-billion dollar global fast-food industry. For four years, sociologist Jennifer Parker Talwar went behind the counter herself and listened to immigrant fast-food workers in New York City's ethnic communities. They talked about balancing their low-paying jobs and monotonous daily reality with keeping the faith that these very jobs could be the first step on the path to the American Dream. In this original and compelling work of ethnography, Talwar shows that contrary to those arguing that the fast-food industry only represents an increasing homogenization of the American workforce, fast-food chains in immigrant communities must and do adapt to their surroundings.
Author: Jere Takahashi
Publisher: Temple University Press
ISBN: 9781566396592
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
To talk about "political style" is to acknowledge a dynamic and somewhat improvisational approach to politics; it is to acknowledge the need to work within the limits presented by tradition, resources, and social context. To speak of "political style" in relation to a particular ethnic group is to recognize their agency in shaping their history.In Nisei/Sansei: Shifting Japanese American Identities and Politics, Jere Takahashi challenges studies that describe the Japanese American community's essentially linear process toward assimilation into U.S. society. As he develops a complex and nuanced account of Japanese American life, he shows that a diversity of opinion and debate about effective political strategy characterized each generation of Japanese Americans. As he investigates the ways in which each generation attempted to advance its interests and concerns, he uncovers the struggles over key issues and introduces the community activists whose voices have been muffled by assimilation narratives.Takahashi's approach to political style includes the ways that Japanese Americans mustered and managed political resources, but also encompasses their on-going efforts at self-definition. His focus, then, is on personal and social action; on individual activists, power, and ideological shifts within the community, and generational change. In telling the story of the community's complex and dynamic relationship to the larger society, he highlights individuals who contributed to the struggles and debates that paved the way for the emergence of a distinct Japanese American identity. Author note: Jere Takahashi teaches Asian American Studies at the University of California, Berkeley.
