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Author: Weiyin Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Shape fabrics in high-strain zones are commonly used to constrain deformation processes in the lithosphere. Linear fabric, as a type of shape fabric, usually indicates constrictional strain and is an important feature in orogenic belts. Among all kinds of linear fabrics, the isolated L-tectonites, which are surrounded by strong planar fabrics, are poorly understood. The isolated L-tectonites are generally developed in heterogeneous high-strain zones. Their formation involves heterogeneous and multiscale deformation processes that current singlescale kinematic models cannot explain. To relate isolated L-tectonites in a high-strain zone with its boundary conditions, I apply a multiscale approach. Isolated L-tectonites are regarded as ellipsoidal heterogeneous domains embedded in a high-strain zone. Eshelby's formalism extended for power-law viscous materials is used to investigate the strain patterns of the partitioned flows in heterogeneous domains. It is shown that, under an imposed flattening or plane-strain deformation field at the high-strain zone scale, L-tectonites can be developed in strong domains regardless of initial shapes or orientations of the strong domains. The numerical modeling is applied to Archean greenstone belts where isolated Ltectonites are developed. The fabric set in greenstone belts has been interpreted by the gravitational sinking of greenstone rocks into the underlying granitoids. The simulations of deformation fields on different scales show that the fabric set can be well explained by transpression. The numerical modeling reproduces field-observed fabrics in greenstone belts that have remained unexplained by current kinematic models.
Author: Weiyin Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Shape fabrics in high-strain zones are commonly used to constrain deformation processes in the lithosphere. Linear fabric, as a type of shape fabric, usually indicates constrictional strain and is an important feature in orogenic belts. Among all kinds of linear fabrics, the isolated L-tectonites, which are surrounded by strong planar fabrics, are poorly understood. The isolated L-tectonites are generally developed in heterogeneous high-strain zones. Their formation involves heterogeneous and multiscale deformation processes that current singlescale kinematic models cannot explain. To relate isolated L-tectonites in a high-strain zone with its boundary conditions, I apply a multiscale approach. Isolated L-tectonites are regarded as ellipsoidal heterogeneous domains embedded in a high-strain zone. Eshelby's formalism extended for power-law viscous materials is used to investigate the strain patterns of the partitioned flows in heterogeneous domains. It is shown that, under an imposed flattening or plane-strain deformation field at the high-strain zone scale, L-tectonites can be developed in strong domains regardless of initial shapes or orientations of the strong domains. The numerical modeling is applied to Archean greenstone belts where isolated Ltectonites are developed. The fabric set in greenstone belts has been interpreted by the gravitational sinking of greenstone rocks into the underlying granitoids. The simulations of deformation fields on different scales show that the fabric set can be well explained by transpression. The numerical modeling reproduces field-observed fabrics in greenstone belts that have remained unexplained by current kinematic models.
Author: Walter A. Sullivan
Publisher: ProQuest
ISBN: 9780549216766
Category : Rock deformation
Languages : en
Pages : 199
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Book Description
In this dissertation I combine three detailed case studies of naturally deformed rocks with data and theories from the literature to improve our understanding of L tectonites. The case-study localities include: (1) granitic rocks, exposed in the Laramie Mountains (Wyoming), that experienced contractional deformation during continental assembly during Paleoproterozoic time; (2) mafic metavolcanic rocks and siliceous metasedimentary rocks, exposed in the Klamath Mountains (California), that were deformed during thrust faulting and accretion of oceanic rocks during Jurassic time; and (3) quartzite, granite, and schist, cut by a Tertiary shear zone that was fundamental in the tectonic exhumation of the Raft River Mountains metamorphic core complex (Utah). In the Laramie Mountains locality, L tectonites are localized in the hinge zone of a km-scale synform. The domain of L and L>S tectonites accommodates oblique extrusion of material parallel with the axis of folding between two relatively rigid crustal blocks. In the Klamath Mountains locality, zone-normal shortening and transport-parallel elongation enabled localization of constrictional strain in the apex of a convex-upward, lens-shaped, high-strain zone. Rheologic and metamorphic transitions did not affect the localization of constrictional strain in this area. In the Raft River Mountains locality zone-normal shortening and transport-parallel elongation coupled with a rheologic transition in rocks cut by a stretching fault at the base of the shear zone enabled strike-parallel flow into a domain of extreme transport-parallel extension. L”S tectonites developed because rheology-driven strain-path partitioning localized the component of coaxial constrictional deformation. Combining observations of numerical, theoretical, and analogue models that predict constrictional strain with case studies of natural high-strain zones indicate that there are three important factors that can lead to the development of L tectonites. These are: (1) the bulk kinematic framework, (2) local variations in external boundary conditions, and (3) internal variations in structural setting and rheology. My case studies and literature synthesis indicate that the bulk kinematic framework is the most important factor in developing L tectonites. However, in most cases, local variations in external boundary conditions, structural setting, and/or rheology are commonly required to form domains of L tectonites under bulk non-constrictional deformation conditions.
Author: A.H.F. Robertson
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 1786204304
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
This volume presents a set of research papers that provide new data and interpretations of the Permian–Triassic terranes of SE Gondwana, now exposed in South Island, New Zealand. Following an introduction for general readers, a historical summary and a review of biostratigraphy, the individual papers primarily focus on the Permian magmatic arc of the Brook Street Terrane, the classic Permian Dun Mountain ophiolite and the Permian–Triassic Maitai Group sedimentary succession. The new results emphasize the role of subduction and terrane displacement adjacent to the Permo-Triassic Gondwana margin, and present fundamental insights into three crustal processes: subduction initiation, supra-subduction zone oceanic crust genesis and forearc basin evolution. The volume concludes with a wide-ranging summary and synthesis of the regional Cambrian to Early Cretaceous tectonostratigraphy of New Zealand’s South Island in relation to the wider areas of Zealandia, East Australia and West Antarctica. The volume will interest geoscientists, including stratigraphers, sedimentologists, palaeontologists, igneous petrologists, geochemists, geochronologists and economic geologists, and is aimed at professional geologists and advanced students of geology.
Author: Geological Society of London
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 9781862391789
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 474
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Book Description
This collection of research and review papers addresses the question of structural evolution during deformation to high strains and the physical properties of rocks that have been affected by high-strain zones. The discussions range from natural examples at outcrop to microscopic studies. They include experiments and numerical models based on the active processes in high-strain zones as well as studies on the physical properties of highly strained rocks in the field and laboratory. Specific questions addressed include magnetotelluric imaging of faults, magnetic fabrics, fabric development, seismic properties of highly strained rocks, change of rheology with strain, influence of melt on the localization of deformation, the relationship between deformation and metamorphism as well as new methods in the analysis of deformation. The book is aimed at an interdisciplinary group of readers interested in the effects of high strain in rocks.
Author: Dazhi Jiang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031233131
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 431
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Book Description
The book integrates theory, numerical methods, and practical applications seamlessly. MATLAB and MathCad programs are provided for readers to master the theory, understand the approach, and to further develop and apply the methods to geological problems. Multiscale and multi-physics investigations of Earth and planetary processes have been an active trend of research in Earth Sciences, thanks to the development of scientific computation and computer software and hardware. Based on the author's research and teaching over the past 15 years, the book stands alone as the first comprehensive text in unifying fundamental continuum micromechanics theory, geometric/kinematic analysis, and applications. The book should appeal to a broad audience of students and researchers, particularly those in the fields of structural geology, tectonics, (natural and experimental) rock deformation, mineral physics and rheology, and numerical modeling of multiscale and coupling processes.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earth sciences
Languages : en
Pages : 764
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Author: Eric C. Syme
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geology
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Author: Micah Jessup
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 119
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Author: Robert E. Holdsworth
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Many present-day and ancient continental deformation systems appear to have formed due to significantly oblique relative plate motions. Transpression and transtension zones are formed where the oblique motions involve components of compression and extensions, respectively. This book covers the recent advances in our understanding or transpressional and transtensional deformation zones both in theory and in real geological settings from around the world. The volume opens with an up-to-date overview of the topic that sets the scene for the more detailed papers which follow. The papers are grouped into four sections. The first, Modelling Transpression and Transtension, includes a series of papers that discuss theoretical strain models in the context of field examples and analogue experiments. The second section details the tectonic evolution of Continental Transform Zones and includes papers on the Dead Sea Transform, western USA and Chile. The third section, Oblique Divergence Zones, has papers on gravitational collapse in the Norwegian Caledonides and in SW North America, the break-up of Gondwana and a pull-apart basin in northern China. The final section on Oblique Convergence Zones, has case studies from Brazil, European Variscides, Antarctica, the Himalayas, the Sierra Nevada batholith and Italy.
Author: Geological Association of Canada. Meeting
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geology
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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