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Author: Horst Wilkens
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662545128
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 223
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Book Description
This book provides fascinating insights into the development and genetics of evolutionary processes on the basis of animals living in the dark, such as the Astyanax cave fish. Biologically functionless traits show high variability, which results from neutral deleterious mutations no longer being eliminated by natural selection, which normally acts to preserve functional capability. These negative mutations accumulate until the traits they are responsible for become rudimentary or even lost. The random genetic basis of regressive evolution is in accordance with Nei’s Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution, which applies to the molecular level. Such processes are particularly conspicuous in species living in constant darkness, where, for example in Astyanax, all traits depending on the exposure to light, like eyes, pigmentation, visually triggered aggressive behaviour, negative phototaxis, and several peripheral outcomes of circadian rhythmicity, are useless and diminish. In compensation constructive traits like taste, olfaction or the lateral line senses are improved by selection and do not show variability. Regressive and constructive traits inherit independently, proving that the rudimentation process is not driven by pleiotropic linkage between them. All these traits are subject to mosaic evolution and exhibit unproportional epistatic gene effects, which play an important role in evolutionary adaptation and improvement. Offering valuable evolutionary insights and supplemented by a wealth of illustrations, this book will appeal to evolutionary and developmental biologists alike.
Author: Horst Wilkens
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662545128
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 223
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book provides fascinating insights into the development and genetics of evolutionary processes on the basis of animals living in the dark, such as the Astyanax cave fish. Biologically functionless traits show high variability, which results from neutral deleterious mutations no longer being eliminated by natural selection, which normally acts to preserve functional capability. These negative mutations accumulate until the traits they are responsible for become rudimentary or even lost. The random genetic basis of regressive evolution is in accordance with Nei’s Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution, which applies to the molecular level. Such processes are particularly conspicuous in species living in constant darkness, where, for example in Astyanax, all traits depending on the exposure to light, like eyes, pigmentation, visually triggered aggressive behaviour, negative phototaxis, and several peripheral outcomes of circadian rhythmicity, are useless and diminish. In compensation constructive traits like taste, olfaction or the lateral line senses are improved by selection and do not show variability. Regressive and constructive traits inherit independently, proving that the rudimentation process is not driven by pleiotropic linkage between them. All these traits are subject to mosaic evolution and exhibit unproportional epistatic gene effects, which play an important role in evolutionary adaptation and improvement. Offering valuable evolutionary insights and supplemented by a wealth of illustrations, this book will appeal to evolutionary and developmental biologists alike.
Author: Dana Gricken
Publisher: Fire & Ice Young Adult Books
ISBN: 1680469088
Category : Young Adult Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 345
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Book Description
After the supposed death of the Dark Queen and the capturing of the Underworld, the Sentinels believe they’ve won the war. When a strange ally of the Dark Queen named Doctor Zero emerges, he announces that he’s discovered how to turn everyone soulless. With him, he brings a fearless army, a dangerous serum, and the powerful Dark Queen by his side. To have a fighting chance against him, Riley Stark frees King Bane and the Renegades from prison. The Dark Queen’s old husband—King Lucius, who resurfaces with a bloodthirsty army of his own—disagrees with Doctor Zero’s plan to turn the world soulless and seeks revenge. When Caleb is injured in the battle, Riley is forced to trust strangers and neglect her own people to save him. As the government crumbles, new monsters come out of hiding, and dangerous groups take to the streets, Riley must protect Caleb, prevent her people from becoming soulless, and ask herself if she can continue to serve the Sentinels when they’ve hidden so much from her.
Author: Naoyuki Fuse
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 4431541470
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 67
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Book Description
How organisms come to possess adaptive traits is a fundamental question for evolutionary biology. Although it is almost impossible to demonstrate evolution in the laboratory, this issue can be approached by using an unusual organism, “Dark-fly”: Drosophila melanogaster kept in complete darkness for 57 years through 1,400 generations, which corresponds to 28,000 years in terms of human generations. Has Dark-fly adapted to an environment of total darkness? If so, what is the molecular nature of the adaptation? In Evolution in the Dark, the remarkable findings from the Dark-fly project performed at Kyoto University are presented. It was found that Dark-fly did not have poor eyesight, but rather exhibited higher phototaxis ability and displayed lengthened bristles on the head that function as tactile receptors. Circadian rhythms were weakened but still retained in Dark-fly. With recent progress in genome science enabling researchers to perform whole genome sequencing for Dark-fly, a large number of mutations were identified including genes encoding a light receptor, olfactory receptors, and enzymes involved in neural development. The Dark-fly project is a simple but very long-term experiment. Combined with advanced techniques in genetics and genomics, it is a valuable tool for understanding the molecular nature of adaptive evolution.
Author: Teri Terry
Publisher: Charlesbridge Publishing
ISBN: 1632899124
Category : Young Adult Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
A thrilling showdown brings the Dark Matter trilogy to a satsifying close. Shay is trapped at the Multiverse compound while looking for the real Callie, and an unforgiving Kai is her best chance at outsmarting Alex and saving countless lives. Shay has left Kai once again by following Alex to his Multiverse compound. Her goal is to find the real Callie, but Shay discovers that the younger girl has no memory of her past. Their hope is to leave the community. While Shay pretends to be a devoted follower, Alex makes his own plans to use Shay to spread the epidemic he caused with his dark matter experiments. The survivors will be only the most worthy humans--those who evolve special abilities. The opportunistic Freja further poisons Kai's memories of his girlfriend. Angry and hurt, Kai doubles down on his mission to reveal that his former stepfather is behind the epidemic, but he has little luck convincing the authorities--until it's almost too late to save Shay from a fate worse than death.
Author: John Van Wyhe
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814458821
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
“The facts of variability, of the struggle for existence, of adaptation to conditions, were notorious enough; but none of us had suspected that the road to the heart of the species problem lay through them, until Darwin and Wallace dispelled the darkness.”T H Huxley (1887)Darwin is one of the most famous scientists in history. But he was not alone. Comparatively forgotten, Wallace independently discovered evolution by natural selection in Southeast Asia. This book is based on the most thorough research ever conducted on Wallace's voyage. Closely connected, but worlds apart, Darwin and Wallace's stories hold many surprises. Did Darwin really keep his theory a secret for twenty years? Did he plagiarise Wallace? Were their theories really the same? How did Wallace hit on the solution, and on which island? This book reveals for the first time the true story of Darwin, Wallace and the discovery that would change our understanding of life on Earth forever.
Author: Jonathan Yanez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
It's a target-rich environment... For both sides of this war. It's been a year and a half since they fled Los Angeles, desperate to escape the unleashed infection. An abandoned base in the isolated tundras of Alaska provides a safe harbor for the survivors. Now, turned infected are organizing. Worse, they've been given horrifying special abilities. As civilization continues to erode around Taylor and her companions, their only hope is to reach The Vault, where the last known transmission from the outside world originated. It's a risk to leave but Taylor's visions are telling them to go. They also hint that one of her companions holds a secret that could release the world from the horrors of the infection if-Taylor can manage to keep her safe. When betrayal sells them into the hands of their enemies, Taylor must use her evolving powers to protect their only hope of salvation or join the dark evolution. For those who enjoy, AG Riddle's Atlantis Gene, Justin Cronin's The Passage, or Max Brook's World War Z this one was written for you.
Author: Michael Peter Bolus
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781516582747
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
Through an engaging and enlightening selection of readings and articles, The Light in the Dark: The Evolution, Mechanics, and Purpose of Cinema investigates cinema from a variety of diverse perspectives. The anthology explores the technical aspects of the filmmaking process, the ways in which certain elements of cinema are creatively combined toward emotional and intellectual effect, and the myriad ways cinema both interacts with and reflects culture. The opening chapter is comprised of readings that examine the nature and origin of cinematic technique, speaking to its early development as both a commercial and artistic endeavor. The second chapter reviews the core components of filmmaking, including mise-en-scène, editing, sound design, acting, and shot composition. In the final chapter, students explore film in cultural context. The readings examine particular stages in cinema's evolution, the role and implications of complex gender constructs, and the manner in which race and racial tensions have manifested themselves in filmic narratives. A highly contemporary and accessible anthology, The Light in the Dark is an excellent resource for courses in filmmaking and film studies. Michael Peter Bolus is the CEO of MEANSTREET Productions, a founding partner of the educational consulting firm CampusPro Group, the department chair of the Liberal Arts Program at The Los Angeles Film School, and a professor of film studies at Santa Monica College. He holds a Ph.D. in theatre studies from the City University of New York Graduate Center and a master's degree in creative writing from Boston University. He is the author of Aesthetics and the Cinematic Narrative: An Introduction (Anthem Press), and his articles, interviews, and criticism have appeared in a wide array of academic and scholarly journals.
Author: Charles Darwin
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400820065
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 964
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Book Description
In the current resurgence of interest in the biological basis of animal behavior and social organization, the ideas and questions pursued by Charles Darwin remain fresh and insightful. This is especially true of The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, Darwin's second most important work. This edition is a facsimile reprint of the first printing of the first edition (1871), not previously available in paperback. The work is divided into two parts. Part One marshals behavioral and morphological evidence to argue that humans evolved from other animals. Darwin shoes that human mental and emotional capacities, far from making human beings unique, are evidence of an animal origin and evolutionary development. Part Two is an extended discussion of the differences between the sexes of many species and how they arose as a result of selection. Here Darwin lays the foundation for much contemporary research by arguing that many characteristics of animals have evolved not in response to the selective pressures exerted by their physical and biological environment, but rather to confer an advantage in sexual competition. These two themes are drawn together in two final chapters on the role of sexual selection in humans. In their Introduction, Professors Bonner and May discuss the place of The Descent in its own time and relation to current work in biology and other disciplines.
Author: Ron Garan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781732451148
Category : Astronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Astronaut Ron Garan shares incredible insights garnered from his life of exploration to build a positive future for all humanity.Humanity, along with all life on Earth, faces a crisis that threatens our very survival; resolving it will require a giant evolutionary leap in our consciousness. In Floating in Darkness: A Journey of Evolution, Ron Garan sees the crisis coming while on an extraordinary journey through war and peace, conflict and love -- through literal outer space and inner space.Ron shows us how to find purpose and make sense out of our divisive culture, how to become a "white blood cell" in a growing immune response to heal our world. In Floating in Darkness, he shows us how to build a restorative and positive future for all.
Author: Mara Grunbaum
Publisher: Workman Publishing Company
ISBN: 0761184104
Category : Humor
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
We all have our off days. Why should Evolution be any different? Maybe Evolution got carried away with an idea that was just a little too crazy—like having the Regal Horned Lizard defend itself by shooting three-foot streams of blood from its eyes. Or maybe Evolution ran out of steam (Memo to Evolution: The Irrawaddy Dolphin looks like a prototype that should have been left on the drawing board). Or maybe Evolution was feeling cheeky—a fish with hands? Joke’s on you, Red Handfish! Or maybe Evolution simply goofed up: How else to explain the overgrown teeth of the babirusas that curl backward over their face? Oops. Mara Grunbaum is a very smart, very funny science writer who celebrates the best—or, really, the worst—of Evolution’s blunders. Here are more than 100 outlandish mammals, reptiles, insects, fish, birds, and other creatures whose very existence leaves us shaking our heads and muttering WTF?! Ms. Grunbaum’s especially brilliant stroke is to personify Evolution as a well-meaning but somewhat oblivious experimenter whose conversations with a skeptical narrator are hilarious. For almost 4 billion years, Evolution has produced a nonstop parade of inflatable noses, bizarre genitalia, and seriously awkward necks. What a comedian!
