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Author: Antti Kujala
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789517464734
Category : Finland
Languages : en
Pages : 203
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Book Description
The relationship of the crown and the nobility with the peasants in the 17th century Sweden (Finland) is addressed from the perspective of taxation. Around the middle of 17th century most of the land under the authority of the crown had been donated to the nobles, until King Charles XI began to resituate these tax-payers to the crown in the 1680's. Taxation was based on a kind of social contract, combining the concept of the power state based on the subordination of its subject with the mutual interaction of the latter and those in power. The subjects also had recognised rights in society and they demanded that their superiors abide by the social contract. The peasants neither revolted openly nor did they submit. Instead, their means of securing their interests ranged from loyal allegiance to means of pressure bordering on open resistance. The major disadvantages posed by taxation for them could not, however, be rectified in this manner. The Great Northern War that broke out in 1700 proved to be a burden that was too heavy for Swedish society.
Author: Antti Kujala
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789517464734
Category : Finland
Languages : en
Pages : 203
Get Book
Book Description
The relationship of the crown and the nobility with the peasants in the 17th century Sweden (Finland) is addressed from the perspective of taxation. Around the middle of 17th century most of the land under the authority of the crown had been donated to the nobles, until King Charles XI began to resituate these tax-payers to the crown in the 1680's. Taxation was based on a kind of social contract, combining the concept of the power state based on the subordination of its subject with the mutual interaction of the latter and those in power. The subjects also had recognised rights in society and they demanded that their superiors abide by the social contract. The peasants neither revolted openly nor did they submit. Instead, their means of securing their interests ranged from loyal allegiance to means of pressure bordering on open resistance. The major disadvantages posed by taxation for them could not, however, be rectified in this manner. The Great Northern War that broke out in 1700 proved to be a burden that was too heavy for Swedish society.
Author: Mary Elizabeth Ailes
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
ISBN: 149620445X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Courage and Grief illuminates in a nuanced fashion Sweden’s involvement in Europe’s destructive Thirty Years’ War (1618–48). Focusing on the various roles women performed in the bloody and extended conflict, Mary Elizabeth Ailes analyzes how methods of warfare and Swedish society were changing in profound ways. This study considers the experiences of unmarried camp followers and officers’ wives as well as peasant women who remained in the countryside during times of conflict and upheaval. Women contributed to the war effort in a variety of ways. On campaign they provided support services to armies in the field. On the home front they helped to minimize disruptions incurred within their frayed communities. As increasing numbers of men left to fight overseas, women took over local economic activities and defended their families’ interests. Such activities significantly altered the fabric of Swedish society. Examining women’s wartime experiences in the Thirty Years’ War enhances our understanding of women’s roles in society, the nature of female power and authority, and the opportunities and hardships that warfare brought to women’s lives.
Author: Heikki Pihlajamäki
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004331530
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 307
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Book Description
In Conquest and the Law in Swedish Livonia (ca. 1630-1710), Heikki Pihlajamäki offers an exciting account of the law in seventeenth-century Livonia, conquered by Sweden. The volume demonstrates how the differences in legal cultures affected the Livonian judiciary and legal procedure in the region.
Author: Ulla Koskinen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319406884
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
This book investigates the forms that the aggression and violence of peasant elites could take in early modern Fennoscandia, and their role within society. The contributors highlight the social stratification, inner divisions, contradictions and conflicts of the peasant communities, but also pay attention to the elite as leaders of resistance against the authorities. With the formation of more centralised states, the elites’ status and room for agency diminished, but regional and temporal variations were great in this relatively drawn-out process, and there still remained several favourable contexts for their agency. Even though the peasant elite was not a homogenous entity, the chapters in this collection present us one uniting feature – the peasant elites’ tendency to assert themselves with an active and aggressive agency, even if this led to very different outcomes.
Author: Lars Rydén (biochemia)
Publisher: Baltic University Press
ISBN: 9186189115
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
Author: Antti Kujala
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319960563
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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Book Description
Presenting new insights into reciprocity, this book combines Marcel Mauss’s well-known gift theory with Barrington Moore’s idea of mutual obligations linking rulers and the ruled. Teasing out the interrelatedness of these approaches, Reciprocity in Human Societies suggests that evolutionary psychology reveals a human tendency for reciprocity and collaboration, not only in a mutually cooperative way but also through increasing retributive moral emotions. The book discusses various historical societies and the different models of the current welfare state—Nordic (social democratic), conservative, and liberal— and the repercussions of the neoliberal policies of tax havens, tax cuts, and austerity with a cross-disciplinary approach that bridges evolutionary psychology, sociology, and social anthropology with history.
Author: J. Barry
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230593488
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
This is the first book to offer a detailed modern survey of Witchcraft historiography. By using a broad chronological structure, from contemporary responses through to modern day, the book draws on contributions from a range of leading experts in the field to provide a much-needed overview of the area.
Author: Anthony J. Heywood
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113425329X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
2005 marks the centenary of Russia’s ‘first revolution’ - an unplanned, spontaneous rejection of Tsarist rule that was a response to the ‘Bloody Sunday’ massacre of 9th January 1905. A wave of strikes, urban uprisings, peasant revolts, national revolutions and mutinies swept across the Russian Empire, and it proved a crucial turning point in the demise of the autocracy and the rise of a revolutionary socialism that would shape Russia, Europe and the international system for the rest of the twentieth century. The centenary of the Revolution has prompted scholars to review and reassess our understanding of what happened in 1905. Recent opportunities to access archives throughout the former Soviet Union are yielding new provincial perspectives, as well as fresh insights into the roles of national and religious minorities, and the parts played by individuals, social groups, political parties and institutions. This text brings together some of the best of this new research and reassessment, and includes thirteen chapters written by leading historians from around the world, together with an introduction from Abraham Ascher.
Author: John Steinberg
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9047407040
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 739
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Book Description
The study uses recently declassified Russian and Japanese documents to re-examine the military, diplomatic, social, political, economic, and cultural history of the Russo-Japanese War. This research provides fascinating new information about the decline of Imperial Russian and the rise of Imperial Japan in the early 20th century.
Author: Antje Flüchter
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642192882
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
This book enters new territory by moving toward a new conceptual framework for comparative and interdisciplinary research on transcultural state formation. Once more, statehood and governance are highly discussed topics, whereby modern state building is often considered to be a genuinely European characteristic, despite the fact that early modern Europeans knew of, experienced and grappled with highly developed states in Asia. The articles collected in this book discuss how strategies of governance were part of transcultural transfers between the two continents. The first part presents and discusses concepts of statehood in order to provide a set of conceptual tools for analyzing the transcultural appropriation of governmental strategies. The second part is concerned with case studies that examine the transcultural perception of governance, and the third and final part gathers perspectives on political practice in transcultural encounters (e.g. military, administration, and diplomacy)
