The Contribution of Molecular Biology in Enhancing the Knowledge of Shigella, Campylobacter, and Acinetobacter in Lebanon PDF Download
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Author: Fatima Halimeh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Although molecular biology is still limited to a small number of laboratories in developing countries such as Lebanon. In our first line of work, we looked at the problems of Shigella spp. identification in Lebanon by exploiting several phenotypic and molecular approaches on a collection of isolates identified as Shigella spp. The heterogeneous results underline the complexity of differentiating Shigella spp. from Escherichia coli and the need for a well-validated approach in which whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is paramount. Second, we have demonstrated the power of WGS to simultaneously decipher most of the mechanisms behind the multidrug resistance to antibiotics observed in a strain of Campylobacter coli isolated from a newborn with severe diarrhea. Finally, we exploited the role of molecular typing to understand the clonal nature of the Acinetobacter baumannii strains resistant to carbapenems, isolated from the intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. Typing has helped us on the one hand to validate the presence of a polyclonal outbreak caused by OXA-23 carbapenemase-producing ST2 strains, and on the other hand to set up timely control measures capable to fully eradicate the outbreak. Thus, we can conclude the need for large-scale implementation of molecular techniques for the identification and decoding the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in all diagnostic laboratories in Lebanon as well as the ultimate need for reference laboratories doing strain typing and surveillance, thus facilitating the smooth and successful integration of WGS. Henceforth, this latest technology certainly will orchestrate all routine workflows in a clinical microbiology laboratory.
Author: Fatima Halimeh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Although molecular biology is still limited to a small number of laboratories in developing countries such as Lebanon. In our first line of work, we looked at the problems of Shigella spp. identification in Lebanon by exploiting several phenotypic and molecular approaches on a collection of isolates identified as Shigella spp. The heterogeneous results underline the complexity of differentiating Shigella spp. from Escherichia coli and the need for a well-validated approach in which whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is paramount. Second, we have demonstrated the power of WGS to simultaneously decipher most of the mechanisms behind the multidrug resistance to antibiotics observed in a strain of Campylobacter coli isolated from a newborn with severe diarrhea. Finally, we exploited the role of molecular typing to understand the clonal nature of the Acinetobacter baumannii strains resistant to carbapenems, isolated from the intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. Typing has helped us on the one hand to validate the presence of a polyclonal outbreak caused by OXA-23 carbapenemase-producing ST2 strains, and on the other hand to set up timely control measures capable to fully eradicate the outbreak. Thus, we can conclude the need for large-scale implementation of molecular techniques for the identification and decoding the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in all diagnostic laboratories in Lebanon as well as the ultimate need for reference laboratories doing strain typing and surveillance, thus facilitating the smooth and successful integration of WGS. Henceforth, this latest technology certainly will orchestrate all routine workflows in a clinical microbiology laboratory.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9789241597906
Category : House & Home
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care provide health-care workers (HCWs), hospital administrators and health authorities with a thorough review of evidence on hand hygiene in health care and specific recommendations to improve practices and reduce transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to patients and HCWs. The present Guidelines are intended to be implemented in any situation in which health care is delivered either to a patient or to a specific group in a population. Therefore, this concept applies to all settings where health care is permanently or occasionally performed, such as home care by birth attendants. Definitions of health-care settings are proposed in Appendix 1. These Guidelines and the associated WHO Multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy and an Implementation Toolkit (http://www.who.int/gpsc/en/) are designed to offer health-care facilities in Member States a conceptual framework and practical tools for the application of recommendations in practice at the bedside. While ensuring consistency with the Guidelines recommendations, individual adaptation according to local regulations, settings, needs, and resources is desirable. This extensive review includes in one document sufficient technical information to support training materials and help plan implementation strategies. The document comprises six parts.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789241564748
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Summary report published as technical document with reference number: WHO/HSE/PED/AIP/2014.2.
Author: Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030404226
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 466
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Book Description
This volume summarizes and updates information about antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR)/antibiotic resistant genes (ARG) production, including their entry routes in soil, air, water and sediment, their use in hospital and associated waste, global and temporal trends in use and spread of antibiotics, AMR and ARG. Antimicrobial/antibiotic resistance genes due to manure and agricultural waste applications, bioavailability, biomonitoring, and their Epidemiological, ecological and public health effects. The book addresses the antibiotic and AMR/ARG risk assessment and treatment technologies, for managing antibiotics and AMR/ARG impacted environments The book's expert contributions span 20 chapters, and offer a comprehensive framework for better understanding and analyzing the environmental and social impacts of antibiotics and AMR/ARGs. Readers will have access to recent and updated models regarding the interpretation of antibiotics and AMR/ARGs in environment and biomonitoring studies, and will learn about the management options require to appropriately mitigate environmental contaminants and pollution. The book will be of interest to students, teachers, researchers, policy makers and environmental organizations.
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 0788130439
Category : Antibacterial agents
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Author: Nduka Okafor
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400714602
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
This book places the main actors in environmental microbiology, namely the microorganisms, on center stage. Using the modern approach of 16S ribosomal RNA, the book looks at the taxonomy of marine and freshwater bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses, and the smaller aquatic animals such as nematodes and rotifers, as well as at the study of unculturable aquatic microorganisms (metagenomics). The peculiarities of water as an environment for microbial growth, and the influence of aquatic microorganisms on global climate and global recycling of nitrogen and sulphur are also examined. The pollution of water is explored in the context of self-purification of natural waters. Modern municipal water purification and disease transmission through water are discussed. Alternative methods for solid waste disposal are related to the economic capability of a society. Viruses are given special attention. By focusing on the basics, this primer will appeal across a wide range of disciplines.
Author: Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128188839
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (AMR) in the Environment summarizes and updates information on antibiotic producing organisms and their resistance and entry routes in soil, air, water and sediment. As antibiotic use continues to rise in healthcare, their fate, bioavailability and biomonitoring, and impacts on environment and public health are becoming increasingly important. The book addresses the impact of antibiotics and AMR to environment and public health and risk assessment. Moreover, it focused on the metagenomics and molecular techniques for the detection of antibiotics and antimicrobial genes. Lastly, it introduces management strategies, such as treatment technologies for managing antibiotics and AMR/ARGs-impacted environment, and bioremediation approaches. Summarizes and updates information on antibiotics and AMR/ARGs production and its fate and transport in the environment Includes phytoremediation and bioremediation technologies for environmental management Provides analysis of risk assessment of antibiotic resistance genes to help understand the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of antibiotics and AMR/ARGs
Author: Geoffrey Campbell-Platt
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461521637
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
Preservation by fermentation is one of the oldest food technologies, and yet it continues to play an important role in meat preservation in many parts of the world. These processes can be relatively simple, with minimal microbial involvement, or more complex, involving defined ingredients and starter cultures with controlled environmental conditions. Most meat fermentations rely on the use of salt as an ingredient, sometimes with the addition of nitrate, nitrite and spices. In some cases the meat may be smoked and, as with some cheese fermentations, fermented meats may be ripened by moulds and yeasts. The preservation of meats by fermentation depends on the interaction of a number of environmental and microbio logical factors including the pH, water activity, redox potential and the presence of preservatives and a competitive microftora. The subject of fermented meats is an important but relatively specialised area of microbiology and food technology. Few books have specifically addressed this subject and the topic has usually been dealt with in reviews and research papers with a significant proportion of these being published in languages other than English. As far as we are aware, this volume is the first to bring together a selection of key topics relating to the production of fermented meats and their chemical and microbiological properties. The book begins with a general chapter on the properties of meat.
Author: Gunjan Arora
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319486837
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 629
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Book Description
This book is a compilation of past and recent knowledge in the field of emerging drug resistance. The book covers major aspects of drug resistance in bacteria, fungi, malaria, and cancer.Human survival on earth is constantly threatened by disease and syndrome. From the early days, the aim of research in medicine was to find therapeutic agents that can improve the quality of human life. Although humans are dependent on natural compounds from early days their dependence of drugs increased excessively in last century. The advances in chemistry and biology have helped researchers to identify the drugs that have improved treatment of many diseases. The primary factor for treatment of these diseases is dependent on the efficacy of drugs available. The development of resistance to these drugs is one of the major hindrances. Although there are number of books available on this topic, “drug resistance” biology across kingdoms has never been discussed in a coherent way.
Author: Burdette C. Breidenstein
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475759339
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 585
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Book Description
Traditionally, in the food industry, there has been a distinction made among meat, poultry, seafood, and game. Meat has historically been defined as the edible flesh of animals. This basically referred only to the red meats, namely, beef, lamb, pork, and veal, including both fresh and processed products as well as variety or glandular meats. It has been recognized more recently that all foods derived from muscle, or muscle foods, have basically the same or similar characteristics in physical and chemical properties. Tberefore, it is logical to exarnine and consider all muscle foods under one cover. Tbis book, therefore, is an attempt to address the various attributes of red meat, poultry, fish, and game under the single heading of muscle foods and to note any differences where they might OCCUT. It is of interest that of the 10 top V. S. meat companies in 1990, 8 of them were dealing with poultry as well as red meats and that 4 of the 10 were also involved with seafoods. Tbis lends impetus to the inclusion of all three in a book such as this. Furthermore, the rapid increase in consumption of poultry meat to approximately 30 kg (65 pounds) per capita and seafoods to 7 kg (16 pounds) per capita compared to beef at 34 kg (75 pounds) and pork at 30 kg (65 pounds), whereas veal and lamb/mutton represent only 0.
