Author: Clare Stephenson
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0080982557
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 895
Book Description
The Complementary Therapist's Guide to Conventional Medicine is a unique textbook for students and practitioners of complementary medicine, offering a systematic comparative approach to Western and Eastern medicine. Practitioners of complementary medicine increasingly find themselves working alongside conventionally trained doctors and nurses and it is vital for them to develop a core understanding of conventional medical language and philosophy. The book is designed as a guide to understanding conventional medical diagnoses, symptoms and treatments, whilst also encouraging the reader to reflect on and translate how these diagnoses may be interpreted from a more holistic medical perspective. Throughout the text the practitioner/student is encouraged to see that conventional and more holistic interpretations are not necessarily contradictory, but instead are simply two different approaches to interpreting the same truth, that truth being the patient's symptoms. After introductory sections on physiology, pathology and pharmacology, there follow sections devoted to each of the physiological systems of the body. In these, the physiology of each system is explored together with the medical investigation, symptoms and treatments of the important diseases which might affect that system. As each disease is described, the reader is encouraged to consider the corresponding Chinese medical perspective. The textbook concludes with chapters relating specifically to dealing with patients in practice. In particular these focus on warning signs of serious disease, supporting patients on medication and ethical issues which may arise from management of patients which is shared with conventional practitioners. The book also offers a detailed summary of 'Red Flag symptoms' which are those which should be referred for 'Western' medical investigation or emergency medical treatment, and also a guide to how patients can be safely supported in withdrawing from conventional medication, when this is clinically appropriate. Those wishing to use the text for systematic study can make use of the question and problem-solving approach offered on the accompanying CD to which references to self study exercises appear at regular stages throughout the book. This means that the text can be easily adapted to form the basis of a study course in clinical medicine for students of complementary medicine. In addition to the self-testing questions and answers, the supporting CD also contains checklists for revision and full-colour illustrations. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Clare Stephenson is a qualified medical practitioner who worked in hospital medicine, general practice and public health medicine for a number of years before training in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and acupuncture. Over the course of a decade she developed and taught an undergraduate course for students of Chinese medicine on Western medicine and how it relates to TCM. She is particularly committed to encouraging communication and understanding between practitioners of different health disciplines. She currently works as a GP in Oxfordshire. Approx.734 pages
The Complementary Therapist's Guide to Conventional Medicine E-Book
Author: Clare Stephenson
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0080982557
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 895
Book Description
The Complementary Therapist's Guide to Conventional Medicine is a unique textbook for students and practitioners of complementary medicine, offering a systematic comparative approach to Western and Eastern medicine. Practitioners of complementary medicine increasingly find themselves working alongside conventionally trained doctors and nurses and it is vital for them to develop a core understanding of conventional medical language and philosophy. The book is designed as a guide to understanding conventional medical diagnoses, symptoms and treatments, whilst also encouraging the reader to reflect on and translate how these diagnoses may be interpreted from a more holistic medical perspective. Throughout the text the practitioner/student is encouraged to see that conventional and more holistic interpretations are not necessarily contradictory, but instead are simply two different approaches to interpreting the same truth, that truth being the patient's symptoms. After introductory sections on physiology, pathology and pharmacology, there follow sections devoted to each of the physiological systems of the body. In these, the physiology of each system is explored together with the medical investigation, symptoms and treatments of the important diseases which might affect that system. As each disease is described, the reader is encouraged to consider the corresponding Chinese medical perspective. The textbook concludes with chapters relating specifically to dealing with patients in practice. In particular these focus on warning signs of serious disease, supporting patients on medication and ethical issues which may arise from management of patients which is shared with conventional practitioners. The book also offers a detailed summary of 'Red Flag symptoms' which are those which should be referred for 'Western' medical investigation or emergency medical treatment, and also a guide to how patients can be safely supported in withdrawing from conventional medication, when this is clinically appropriate. Those wishing to use the text for systematic study can make use of the question and problem-solving approach offered on the accompanying CD to which references to self study exercises appear at regular stages throughout the book. This means that the text can be easily adapted to form the basis of a study course in clinical medicine for students of complementary medicine. In addition to the self-testing questions and answers, the supporting CD also contains checklists for revision and full-colour illustrations. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Clare Stephenson is a qualified medical practitioner who worked in hospital medicine, general practice and public health medicine for a number of years before training in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and acupuncture. Over the course of a decade she developed and taught an undergraduate course for students of Chinese medicine on Western medicine and how it relates to TCM. She is particularly committed to encouraging communication and understanding between practitioners of different health disciplines. She currently works as a GP in Oxfordshire. Approx.734 pages
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0080982557
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 895
Book Description
The Complementary Therapist's Guide to Conventional Medicine is a unique textbook for students and practitioners of complementary medicine, offering a systematic comparative approach to Western and Eastern medicine. Practitioners of complementary medicine increasingly find themselves working alongside conventionally trained doctors and nurses and it is vital for them to develop a core understanding of conventional medical language and philosophy. The book is designed as a guide to understanding conventional medical diagnoses, symptoms and treatments, whilst also encouraging the reader to reflect on and translate how these diagnoses may be interpreted from a more holistic medical perspective. Throughout the text the practitioner/student is encouraged to see that conventional and more holistic interpretations are not necessarily contradictory, but instead are simply two different approaches to interpreting the same truth, that truth being the patient's symptoms. After introductory sections on physiology, pathology and pharmacology, there follow sections devoted to each of the physiological systems of the body. In these, the physiology of each system is explored together with the medical investigation, symptoms and treatments of the important diseases which might affect that system. As each disease is described, the reader is encouraged to consider the corresponding Chinese medical perspective. The textbook concludes with chapters relating specifically to dealing with patients in practice. In particular these focus on warning signs of serious disease, supporting patients on medication and ethical issues which may arise from management of patients which is shared with conventional practitioners. The book also offers a detailed summary of 'Red Flag symptoms' which are those which should be referred for 'Western' medical investigation or emergency medical treatment, and also a guide to how patients can be safely supported in withdrawing from conventional medication, when this is clinically appropriate. Those wishing to use the text for systematic study can make use of the question and problem-solving approach offered on the accompanying CD to which references to self study exercises appear at regular stages throughout the book. This means that the text can be easily adapted to form the basis of a study course in clinical medicine for students of complementary medicine. In addition to the self-testing questions and answers, the supporting CD also contains checklists for revision and full-colour illustrations. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Clare Stephenson is a qualified medical practitioner who worked in hospital medicine, general practice and public health medicine for a number of years before training in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and acupuncture. Over the course of a decade she developed and taught an undergraduate course for students of Chinese medicine on Western medicine and how it relates to TCM. She is particularly committed to encouraging communication and understanding between practitioners of different health disciplines. She currently works as a GP in Oxfordshire. Approx.734 pages
The Complementary Therapist's Guide to Red Flags and Referrals
Author: Clare Stephenson
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 070205433X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 219
Book Description
Unique ready reference for all complementary medicine, massage therapy and manual therapy practitioners and students alerting them to 'red flag' symptoms which should be referred for Western medical investigation or emergency medical treatment. When can a patient be safely reassured and when do they need further investigation or treatment? 'Red flags' are clinical signs that suggest a patient needs prompt investigation and treatment for a potentially dangerous situation. Therapists increasingly find themselves working alongside conventionally trained doctors and nurses and it is vital for them to understand conventional medical diagnoses, symptoms and treatments and, crucially, to recognise warning signs of serious disease. This is essential in order to be a safe practitioner. Clare Stephenson's The Complementary Therapist's Guide to Red Flags and Referrals meets this need by providing an easily accessible reference to 'red flag' symptoms, designed especially for therapists. It offers guidance on how best to respond to those symptoms and signs of disease which can be readily discerned through routine history taking and basic examination of the body. The guidance is in language which is accessible to therapists, and clear advice is offered on when to refer patients to conventional medicine practitioners and how to communicate with doctors when making a referral. Clinical syndromes which merit rapid response are summarised for ease of reference.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 070205433X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 219
Book Description
Unique ready reference for all complementary medicine, massage therapy and manual therapy practitioners and students alerting them to 'red flag' symptoms which should be referred for Western medical investigation or emergency medical treatment. When can a patient be safely reassured and when do they need further investigation or treatment? 'Red flags' are clinical signs that suggest a patient needs prompt investigation and treatment for a potentially dangerous situation. Therapists increasingly find themselves working alongside conventionally trained doctors and nurses and it is vital for them to understand conventional medical diagnoses, symptoms and treatments and, crucially, to recognise warning signs of serious disease. This is essential in order to be a safe practitioner. Clare Stephenson's The Complementary Therapist's Guide to Red Flags and Referrals meets this need by providing an easily accessible reference to 'red flag' symptoms, designed especially for therapists. It offers guidance on how best to respond to those symptoms and signs of disease which can be readily discerned through routine history taking and basic examination of the body. The guidance is in language which is accessible to therapists, and clear advice is offered on when to refer patients to conventional medicine practitioners and how to communicate with doctors when making a referral. Clinical syndromes which merit rapid response are summarised for ease of reference.
Clinical Examination in Cardiology-E-book
Author: B. N. Vijay Raghawa Rao
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131249247
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 769
Book Description
This second edition has been thoroughly revised and updated with additional illustrations, tables, flowcharts, and video tagging to make it more lucid and understandable, for the undergraduate medical students, besides postgraduates, and also for practicing clinical physicians and cardiologists.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 8131249247
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 769
Book Description
This second edition has been thoroughly revised and updated with additional illustrations, tables, flowcharts, and video tagging to make it more lucid and understandable, for the undergraduate medical students, besides postgraduates, and also for practicing clinical physicians and cardiologists.
The Acupuncturist's Guide to Conventional Medicine, Second Edition
Author: Clare Stephenson
Publisher: Singing Dragon
ISBN: 085701255X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 874
Book Description
Offering a systematic comparative approach to Western and Eastern medicine, this unique textbook enables students and practitioners of Chinese medicine to develop a core understanding of conventional medical language and treatments. Acupuncture practitioners increasingly find themselves working alongside Western healthcare professionals. Now in its second edition, this book is a guide to conventional medical diagnoses, symptoms and treatments, and using examples drawn from the author's experience and knowledge of TCM it encourages reflection on how these diagnoses may be interpreted from a more holistic medical perspective. It includes introductory sections on physiology, pathology and pharmacology, chapters devoted to the physiological systems of the body and the conventional approach to the treatment of diseases that can affect them, and information on dealing with patients in practice. Accompanying online material, including self-testing questions and answers and checklists for revision, is available for those wishing to use the text for systematic study.
Publisher: Singing Dragon
ISBN: 085701255X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 874
Book Description
Offering a systematic comparative approach to Western and Eastern medicine, this unique textbook enables students and practitioners of Chinese medicine to develop a core understanding of conventional medical language and treatments. Acupuncture practitioners increasingly find themselves working alongside Western healthcare professionals. Now in its second edition, this book is a guide to conventional medical diagnoses, symptoms and treatments, and using examples drawn from the author's experience and knowledge of TCM it encourages reflection on how these diagnoses may be interpreted from a more holistic medical perspective. It includes introductory sections on physiology, pathology and pharmacology, chapters devoted to the physiological systems of the body and the conventional approach to the treatment of diseases that can affect them, and information on dealing with patients in practice. Accompanying online material, including self-testing questions and answers and checklists for revision, is available for those wishing to use the text for systematic study.
The Massage Therapist's Guide to Pain Management E-Book
Author: Sandy Fritz
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0702050989
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 207
Book Description
Edited by Leon Chaitow and Sandy Fritz, this clearly written and fully illustrated volume offers practical, comprehensive coverage of the subject area accompanied by a range of video clips via www.chaitowonline.com which presents the massage therapy techniques involved. Covering all aspects of client assessment, treatment planning and current therapeutic modalities – including adjunctive treatments - this new book is suitable for massage therapists worldwide. - Offers practical, validated, and clinically relevant information to all therapists working in the field - Edited by two acknowledged experts in the field to complement each other's approach and understanding of the issues involved - Abundant use of pull-out boxes, line artwork, photographs and tables facilitates ease of understanding - Contains an abundance of clinical cases to ensure full understanding of the topics explored - Accompanying website - www.chaitowonline.com - which presents film clips of the massage therapy techniques involved
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0702050989
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 207
Book Description
Edited by Leon Chaitow and Sandy Fritz, this clearly written and fully illustrated volume offers practical, comprehensive coverage of the subject area accompanied by a range of video clips via www.chaitowonline.com which presents the massage therapy techniques involved. Covering all aspects of client assessment, treatment planning and current therapeutic modalities – including adjunctive treatments - this new book is suitable for massage therapists worldwide. - Offers practical, validated, and clinically relevant information to all therapists working in the field - Edited by two acknowledged experts in the field to complement each other's approach and understanding of the issues involved - Abundant use of pull-out boxes, line artwork, photographs and tables facilitates ease of understanding - Contains an abundance of clinical cases to ensure full understanding of the topics explored - Accompanying website - www.chaitowonline.com - which presents film clips of the massage therapy techniques involved
A Massage Therapist's Guide to Treating Headaches and Neck Pain E-Book
Author: Sandy Fritz
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0702050970
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 166
Book Description
The massage therapist's guide to treating headaches and neck pain is a practical guide for the massage therapist to assist them in identifying appropriate massage treatment for those experiencing headaches and neck pain. The book describes the most common headache types and causes for neck pain that can be effectively addressed with therapeutic massage and associated methods easily incorporated into massage. Assessment procedures are provided both to identify appropriate treatment and to alert the massage therapist to more serious conditions that could be responsible for the symptoms and require a referral for further diagnosis and treatment. Protocols for treatment using massage and other soft tissue methods are provided. The text is written in a practical way that is user friendly. Incorporates a DVD demonstrating the palpation and treatment methods.Abundant illustrations and photos•Easy reference, easy language•DVD demonstrating methods and technique, such as: massage of face and head, massage of neck; and treatment of breathing pattern disorders and headaches•Written by two world-renowned authors
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0702050970
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 166
Book Description
The massage therapist's guide to treating headaches and neck pain is a practical guide for the massage therapist to assist them in identifying appropriate massage treatment for those experiencing headaches and neck pain. The book describes the most common headache types and causes for neck pain that can be effectively addressed with therapeutic massage and associated methods easily incorporated into massage. Assessment procedures are provided both to identify appropriate treatment and to alert the massage therapist to more serious conditions that could be responsible for the symptoms and require a referral for further diagnosis and treatment. Protocols for treatment using massage and other soft tissue methods are provided. The text is written in a practical way that is user friendly. Incorporates a DVD demonstrating the palpation and treatment methods.Abundant illustrations and photos•Easy reference, easy language•DVD demonstrating methods and technique, such as: massage of face and head, massage of neck; and treatment of breathing pattern disorders and headaches•Written by two world-renowned authors
Native Healers
Author: Anita Ralph
Publisher: Aeon Books
ISBN: 1912807793
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 510
Book Description
A foundation text on the fundamental principles of Western herbal medicine and how to implement them in practice Written by two leaders in their field, this book combines the latest in scientific research with the wisdom of ancient traditions to reveal a system of healing that is flexible, supportive, powerful, and kind. Presenting a view of the body and its systems which is unique to Western herbal medicine, Native Healers provides a clear and comprehensive overview of basic treatment approaches to common conditions and the herbs used to heal them. This book serves as an informative companion to the Heartwood Foundation Course in Western Herbal Medicine and is an indispensable resource for students, healthcare professionals, and anyone interested in herbal medicine.
Publisher: Aeon Books
ISBN: 1912807793
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 510
Book Description
A foundation text on the fundamental principles of Western herbal medicine and how to implement them in practice Written by two leaders in their field, this book combines the latest in scientific research with the wisdom of ancient traditions to reveal a system of healing that is flexible, supportive, powerful, and kind. Presenting a view of the body and its systems which is unique to Western herbal medicine, Native Healers provides a clear and comprehensive overview of basic treatment approaches to common conditions and the herbs used to heal them. This book serves as an informative companion to the Heartwood Foundation Course in Western Herbal Medicine and is an indispensable resource for students, healthcare professionals, and anyone interested in herbal medicine.
Integrating Complementary and Conventional Medicine
Author: Myra Coyle-Demetriou
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498799981
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 212
Book Description
This work includes a foreword by Micheal Dixon. Chair, NHS Alliance, Visiting Professor, Institute of Integrated Health, Westminster University and Honorary Senior Lecturer, Peninsula Medical School. This practical guide provides comprehensive information on all aspects of integrating complementary and conventional medicines. Its contents cover treatments, diseases, research, evidence and advice for setting up a complementary service. The realistic, evidence-based approach considers both the benefits and limitations of complementary therapies, providing a user-friendly, authoritative handbook for everyday reference. This book is ideal for complementary therapists and general practitioners. Final year medical and nursing students, particularly those interested in palliative care, will find this book invaluable for the well documented evidence and efficacy of different complementary therapies in this area. 'Readable, delightful, imaginative, useful, lively. A compendium of integrated care that covers every aspect of integration from different treatments and different diseases to research, evidence and how to provide an integrated service. It will be of immense use to any clinician or patient who wishes to start on the journey towards an integrated health approach, and to those already familiar with the subject and wish to improve their skills. I defy anyone to read the book or even just dip into it without coming away with some new tips and thoughts on healing.' - Michael Dixon, in the Foreword.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498799981
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 212
Book Description
This work includes a foreword by Micheal Dixon. Chair, NHS Alliance, Visiting Professor, Institute of Integrated Health, Westminster University and Honorary Senior Lecturer, Peninsula Medical School. This practical guide provides comprehensive information on all aspects of integrating complementary and conventional medicines. Its contents cover treatments, diseases, research, evidence and advice for setting up a complementary service. The realistic, evidence-based approach considers both the benefits and limitations of complementary therapies, providing a user-friendly, authoritative handbook for everyday reference. This book is ideal for complementary therapists and general practitioners. Final year medical and nursing students, particularly those interested in palliative care, will find this book invaluable for the well documented evidence and efficacy of different complementary therapies in this area. 'Readable, delightful, imaginative, useful, lively. A compendium of integrated care that covers every aspect of integration from different treatments and different diseases to research, evidence and how to provide an integrated service. It will be of immense use to any clinician or patient who wishes to start on the journey towards an integrated health approach, and to those already familiar with the subject and wish to improve their skills. I defy anyone to read the book or even just dip into it without coming away with some new tips and thoughts on healing.' - Michael Dixon, in the Foreword.
Integrating Complementary and Conventional Medicine
Author: Myra Coyle-Demetriou
Publisher: Radcliffe Publishing
ISBN: 9781846191114
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 228
Book Description
This compendium of integrated care covers every aspect of integration from different treatments and different diseases to research, evidence and how to provide an integrated service.
Publisher: Radcliffe Publishing
ISBN: 9781846191114
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 228
Book Description
This compendium of integrated care covers every aspect of integration from different treatments and different diseases to research, evidence and how to provide an integrated service.
Complementary and Alternative Treatments in Mental Health Care
Author: James H. Lake
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN: 1585626392
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 508
Book Description
The widespread use of nonconventional treatments, or complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and the increasing evidence supporting their therapeutic benefits call for a concerted scientific effort to integrate treatments that work into mainstream medicines. Answering that call is the groundbreaking Complementary and Alternative Treatments in Mental Health Care, a concise, practical reference that reviews the many CAM approaches used in North America and Europe to treat -- or self-treat -- mental health problems, and the history and rationale for a variety of CAM treatments, including the risks and benefits of their integration into mainstream mental health care. Two dozen contributors with both conventional and nonconventional expertise present current information about safe, effective mental health treatments -- including herbals and other natural products, stress management, homeopathy, Ayurveda, and traditional Chinese medicine -- that have not yet been fully examined or endorsed by the institutions of conventional biomedicine. This book: Covers background issues, including conceptual and historical foundations, emerging ideas and trends, safety issues, potential drug interactions and adverse effects, and medical-legal issues pertaining to use of nonconventional treatments in mental health care. Reviews the evidence and offers practical clinical guidelines for the most widely used nonconventional treatments. Twelve chapters cover specific nonconventional modalities or alternative professional systems of medicine currently used to treat mental illness, addressing historical uses of the specified modality, significant recent research findings, unresolved safety issues, and evidence supporting use of the specified approach in common psychiatric disorders, from major depressive and bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and generalized anxiety disorder to obsessive-compulsive disorder, dementia, and sleep and substance abuse disorders. Practical clinical applications of complementary and alternative approaches are discussed throughout the book. Closes with three appendixes and a subject and author index. Appendix A ranks evidence for the various treatment modalities by major psychiatric disorder and is cross-referenced with the material in Part II. Appendix B lists important Web sites, textbooks, professional associations, and other resources. Appendix C contains a glossary of key terms used in complementary and alternative medicine. Written for both conventionally and nonconventionally trained mental health care professionals, Complementary and Alternative Treatments in Mental Health Care provides both an ideal reference for clinicians whose patients inquire about the uses of many CAM therapies and a critical, balanced review of the nonconventional modalities most widely used in Western countries to treat mental or emotional problems.
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN: 1585626392
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 508
Book Description
The widespread use of nonconventional treatments, or complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and the increasing evidence supporting their therapeutic benefits call for a concerted scientific effort to integrate treatments that work into mainstream medicines. Answering that call is the groundbreaking Complementary and Alternative Treatments in Mental Health Care, a concise, practical reference that reviews the many CAM approaches used in North America and Europe to treat -- or self-treat -- mental health problems, and the history and rationale for a variety of CAM treatments, including the risks and benefits of their integration into mainstream mental health care. Two dozen contributors with both conventional and nonconventional expertise present current information about safe, effective mental health treatments -- including herbals and other natural products, stress management, homeopathy, Ayurveda, and traditional Chinese medicine -- that have not yet been fully examined or endorsed by the institutions of conventional biomedicine. This book: Covers background issues, including conceptual and historical foundations, emerging ideas and trends, safety issues, potential drug interactions and adverse effects, and medical-legal issues pertaining to use of nonconventional treatments in mental health care. Reviews the evidence and offers practical clinical guidelines for the most widely used nonconventional treatments. Twelve chapters cover specific nonconventional modalities or alternative professional systems of medicine currently used to treat mental illness, addressing historical uses of the specified modality, significant recent research findings, unresolved safety issues, and evidence supporting use of the specified approach in common psychiatric disorders, from major depressive and bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and generalized anxiety disorder to obsessive-compulsive disorder, dementia, and sleep and substance abuse disorders. Practical clinical applications of complementary and alternative approaches are discussed throughout the book. Closes with three appendixes and a subject and author index. Appendix A ranks evidence for the various treatment modalities by major psychiatric disorder and is cross-referenced with the material in Part II. Appendix B lists important Web sites, textbooks, professional associations, and other resources. Appendix C contains a glossary of key terms used in complementary and alternative medicine. Written for both conventionally and nonconventionally trained mental health care professionals, Complementary and Alternative Treatments in Mental Health Care provides both an ideal reference for clinicians whose patients inquire about the uses of many CAM therapies and a critical, balanced review of the nonconventional modalities most widely used in Western countries to treat mental or emotional problems.