The Collateral Effects of Varying Antecedent Exercise Intensities on Stereotypy and Other Adaptive Behaviors in Children with Autism PDF Download
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Author: Travis Chong Ching Wong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The prevalence rate of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasing. One of the main deficits among people diagnosed with ASD is the presence of stereotypy. More importantly, stereotypy are difficult to reduce because they are often maintained by automatic reinforcement and do not have clear antecedent or trigger to these behaviors. Most interventions that are often used to address stereotypy are consequence- and punishment-based interventions, such as response interruption and redirection and response blocking. Although these interventions are effective in reducing stereotypy, they are only implemented after the stereotypy are exhibited and practitioners need to be trained to implement these interventions. In addition, they may produce negative behavioral side effects, such as tantrum behaviors and aggression. Consequently, more research has been focusing on developing antecedent-based interventions on reducing stereotypic behaviors that would also prevent negative side effects. Recent research have indicated that antecedent physical exercise interventions can lead to significant reduction of stereotypy and also many other positive collateral effects, such as increased level of academic engagement. However, various types of exercises have been incorporated in previous research and there is not enough evidence to suggest which type of physical exercise interventions or specific intervention parameters yield the largest reduction in stereotypy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of varying antecedent exercise intensities and examine whether exercise intervention with higher intensity are more effective in reducing stereotypic behaviors than lower intensity exercise intervention. In addition, this study examined participants’ subsequent task engagement or functional play as collateral effects. Results indicated that children with ASD who engage in stereotypy can benefit from antecedent exercise regardless of the exercise intensity. However, the findings suggested that higher intensity antecedent exercise led to lower levels of subsequent stereotypy and higher levels of other adaptive behaviors when compared to lower intensity antecedent exercise. Potential implications and recommendations for practitioners working with children with ASD who engage in stereotypy are provided, in addition to possible areas of future research
Author: Travis Chong Ching Wong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The prevalence rate of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasing. One of the main deficits among people diagnosed with ASD is the presence of stereotypy. More importantly, stereotypy are difficult to reduce because they are often maintained by automatic reinforcement and do not have clear antecedent or trigger to these behaviors. Most interventions that are often used to address stereotypy are consequence- and punishment-based interventions, such as response interruption and redirection and response blocking. Although these interventions are effective in reducing stereotypy, they are only implemented after the stereotypy are exhibited and practitioners need to be trained to implement these interventions. In addition, they may produce negative behavioral side effects, such as tantrum behaviors and aggression. Consequently, more research has been focusing on developing antecedent-based interventions on reducing stereotypic behaviors that would also prevent negative side effects. Recent research have indicated that antecedent physical exercise interventions can lead to significant reduction of stereotypy and also many other positive collateral effects, such as increased level of academic engagement. However, various types of exercises have been incorporated in previous research and there is not enough evidence to suggest which type of physical exercise interventions or specific intervention parameters yield the largest reduction in stereotypy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of varying antecedent exercise intensities and examine whether exercise intervention with higher intensity are more effective in reducing stereotypic behaviors than lower intensity exercise intervention. In addition, this study examined participants’ subsequent task engagement or functional play as collateral effects. Results indicated that children with ASD who engage in stereotypy can benefit from antecedent exercise regardless of the exercise intensity. However, the findings suggested that higher intensity antecedent exercise led to lower levels of subsequent stereotypy and higher levels of other adaptive behaviors when compared to lower intensity antecedent exercise. Potential implications and recommendations for practitioners working with children with ASD who engage in stereotypy are provided, in addition to possible areas of future research
Author: Alyssa Coha
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Behavior modification
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Exercise interventions are effective in reducing stereotypical behaviors in children with ASD, with high-intensity exercise enhancing the effects significantly (Teh et al., 2021). Neely et al. (2015) found a moderate-to-large effect of exercise on stereotypy and academic engagement; however, the intensity of exercise was only indirectly assessed using behavioral indicators of satiation (e.g., flushed face). It was hypothesized that Neely et al.'s (2015) protocol could be more consistently effective if the intensity was directly controlled and matched to what previous systematic reviews and meta-analysis had suggested as the most effective (Center for Disease Control and Prevention; CDC 2020, 64% - 76% of an individual's maximum heart rate). The present study systematically replicated Neely et al.'s (2015) study controlling the intensity of the exercise using a physiological measurement (heart rate) and examining its effects on stereotypic responses and academic engagement. Participants were two children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and evidence of stereotypy maintained by automatic reinforcement. Neely et al.'s (2015) design and conditions were replicated, namely, a multielement design with (a) no exercise (baseline), and (b) physical exercise until participants showed behavioral indicators of satiation. A third condition was introduced to test for controlling the intensity of the exercise using the heart rate measure. Percentage of intervals with stereotypic responses and academic engagement and heart rate were measured across conditions. Neely et al.'s main findings were reproduced, namely, antecedent exercise reduced stereotypic responses and increased academic engagement. Physiological measurement provided some evidence of a functional relationship between heart rate and stereotypic and academic engagement responses (as heart rate increased, stereotypic responses decreased while academic engagement increased). An effect size analysis (Tau-U index; Parker et al., 2011) was conducted to supplement visual analysis and allow for comparisons with previous research (meta-analyses and Neely et al.'s findings). The effect of exercise on stereotypy was large across conditions and participants. Effects on academic engagement varied between participants, with low-to-moderate effects for one participant and large effect for a second participant. Our findings overall confirm the effectiveness, reliability, and social validity of Neely et al.'s exercise intervention. However, adding a physiological measurement to control the intensity of exercise seems to produce a more robust and consistent effect, especially on stereotypy. The present modified version of Neely et al.'s intervention could be used to continue testing the effects of exercise on other behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder (e.g., out of seat behavior, aggression, self-injurious behaviors; Wong et al. 2022).
Author: Erika Jaci Richards
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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The purpose of the study was to determine if antecedent bouts of exercise, through the means of a basketball practice, are beneficial to 5 children aged 8 to 11 with autism spectrum disorder (ASK) in decreasing competing behaviors (e.g., stereotypy, disruptive behaviors). Additionally, basketball skill mastery was measured. Antecedent exercise was corroborated by measuring heart rate. The results of the study indicate that antecedent exercise decreased disruptive behaviors and had no effect on stereotypic behaviors. Of the 5 participants, 4 of them had heart rate levels that indicated they were engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity. All 5 participants increased in their basketball skill mastery. These findings suggest that children with ASD would benefit from antecedent exercise to decrease disruptive behaviors. They also have the ability to acquire motor skills in order join sports programs and participate in athletics along with typically developing peers.
Author: Heather Nicholson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Author: David Amaral
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199707472
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1445
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Autism is an emerging area of basic and clinical research, and has only recently been recognized as a major topic in biomedical research. Approximately 1 in 150 children are diagnosed as autistic, so it is also an intense growth area in behavioral and educational treatments. Financial resources have begun to be raised for more comprehensive research and an increasing number of scientists are becoming involved in autism research. In many respects, autism has become a model for conducting translational research on a psychiatric disorder. This text provides a comprehensive summary of all current knowledge related to the behavioral, experiential, and biomedical features of the autism spectrum disorders including major behavioral and cognitive syndromology, common co-morbid conditions, neuropathology, neuroimmunology, and other neurological correlates such as seizures, allergy and immunology, gastroenterology, infectious disease, and epidemiology. Edited by three leading researchers, this volume contains over 80 chapters and nine shorter commentaries by thought leaders in the field, making the book a virtual "who's who" of autism research. This carefully developed book is a comprehensive and authoritative reference for what we know in this area as well as a guidepost for the next several years in all areas of autism research.
Author: Delaney K. Cole
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects that aerobic exercise activities can have on various stereotypical behaviors found in children on the autism spectrum. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong, developmental disability that can impact how an individual communicates, behaves, as well as moves. Physical activity has long been implemented in the treatment plans of children with diagnoses along the autism spectrum; However, specific data relating to the impact of aerobic activity is quite scattered. Aerobic activities require the body to be able to take oxygen from the air around it and circulate it through the blood as a form of energy production and can include exercises of low to high intensity. This strain on the cardiovascular system then stimulates behaviors for a child with ASD. By using systematic literature review methodology this study discusses the benefits that aerobic activities, in particular, can have on the many stereotypical behaviors found in children on the autism spectrum including, irregular sleep patterns, shortened attention spans, repetitive movements, as well as overall wellness and the health improvements that arise as a result of this physical activity. Results from this review indicate that there is a positive correlation between increased aerobic activities and a decline in stereotypical behavior in children on the autism spectrum, however, the long-term effects of this practice are not discussed in this literature review.
Author: Denis Fortin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Autism
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Author: Melanie Nicole McGaha Mays
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Leslie J. Levinson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Autism
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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"The effects of exercise intensity on the stereotypic behaviours of three autistic subjects were examined. Two exercise programs which differed on the basis of intensity as measured by heart rate were implemented. The frequency of stereotypic behaviours were measured prior to exercise, immediately following exercise and 90 minutes following exercise." --
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Author: Denis Fortin
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN:
Category : Autism
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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