The Cognitive Artifacts of Designing

The Cognitive Artifacts of Designing PDF Author: Willemien Visser
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 148226952X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 285

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Book Description
In this dynamic review and synthesis of empirical research and theoretical discussion of design as cognitive activity, Willemien Visser reconciles and integrates the classical view of design, as conceptualized by Herbert Simon's symbolic information processing approach, with modern views of design such as the situativity approach, as formulated by Donald Schon. The author goes on to develop her own view on design, in which design is most appropriately characterized as a construction of representations. She lays the groundwork for the integration of design research and cognitive science. This seemingly simple framework has implications that set the stage for this mutually beneficial integration.

The Cognitive Artifacts of Designing

The Cognitive Artifacts of Designing PDF Author: Willemien Visser
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 148226952X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 285

Get Book Here

Book Description
In this dynamic review and synthesis of empirical research and theoretical discussion of design as cognitive activity, Willemien Visser reconciles and integrates the classical view of design, as conceptualized by Herbert Simon's symbolic information processing approach, with modern views of design such as the situativity approach, as formulated by Donald Schon. The author goes on to develop her own view on design, in which design is most appropriately characterized as a construction of representations. She lays the groundwork for the integration of design research and cognitive science. This seemingly simple framework has implications that set the stage for this mutually beneficial integration.

Design Knowing and Learning

Design Knowing and Learning PDF Author: C. Eastman
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080530311
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 329

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Book Description
Wide aspects of a university education address design: the conceptualization, planning and implementation of man-made artifacts. All areas of engineering, parts of computer science and of course architecture and industrial design all claim to teach design. Yet the education of design tends ot follow tacit practices, without explicit assumptions, goals and processes. This book is premised on the belief that design education based on a cognitive science approach can lead to significant improvements in the effectiveness of university design courses and to the future capabilities of practicing designers. This applies to all professional areas of design. The book grew out of publications and a workshop focusing on design education. This volume attempts to outline a framework upon which new efforts in design education might be based. The book includes chapters dealing with six broad aspects of the study of design education: • Methodologies for undertaking studies of design learning • Longitudinal assessment of design learning • Methods and cases for assessing beginners, experts and special populations • Studies of important component processes • Structure of design knowledge • Design cognition in the classroom

Visual Thinking for Design

Visual Thinking for Design PDF Author: Colin Ware
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080558410
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 210

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Book Description
Visual Thinking brings the science of perception to the art of design. Designers increasingly need to present information in ways that aid their audience's thinking process. Fortunately, results from the relatively new science of human visual perception provide valuable guidance. In this book, Colin Ware takes what we now know about perception, cognition, and attention and transforms it into concrete advice that designers can directly apply. He demonstrates how designs can be considered as tools for cognition – extensions of the viewer's brain in much the same way that a hammer is an extension of the user's hand. The book includes hundreds of examples, many in the form of integrated text and full-color diagrams. Experienced professional designers and students alike will learn how to maximize the power of the information tools they design for the people who use them. - Presents visual thinking as a complex process that can be supported in every stage using specific design techniques - Provides practical, task-oriented information for designers and software developers charged with design responsibilities - Includes hundreds of examples, many in the form of integrated text and full-color diagrams - Steeped in the principles of "active vision, which views graphic designs as cognitive tools

Encyclopedia of Creativity: A-H

Encyclopedia of Creativity: A-H PDF Author: Mark A. Runco
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0122270762
Category : Creation (Literary, artistic, etc.)
Languages : en
Pages : 873

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Book Description
This encyclopaedia provides specific information and guidance for everyone who is searching for a greater understanding the text includes theories of creativity, techniques for enhancing creativity and individuals who have contributed to creativity.

Design Computing and Cognition '16

Design Computing and Cognition '16 PDF Author: John. S Gero
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319449893
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 685

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Book Description
This book gathers the peer-reviewed and revised versions of papers from the Seventh International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition (DCC'16), held at Northwestern University, Evanston (Chicago), USA, from 27–29 June 2016. The material presented here reflects cutting-edge design research with a focus on artificial intelligence, cognitive science and computational theories. The papers are grouped under the following nine headings, describing advances in theory and applications alike and demonstrating the depth and breadth of design computing and design cognition: Design Creativity; Design Cognition - Design Approaches; Design Support; Design Grammars; Design Cognition - Design Behaviors; Design Processes; Design Synthesis; Design Activity and Design Knowledge. The book will be of particular interest to researchers, developers and users of advanced computation in design across all disciplines, and to all readers who need to gain a better understanding of designing.

Product Design and the Role of Representation

Product Design and the Role of Representation PDF Author: Eujin Pei
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 100047450X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 280

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Book Description
"This book responds to the expression ‘all you always wanted to know about design representation but didn’t know where to ask’. Indeed, the book is a thematic guide to design representation, and the amount of information about design representations it holds is phenomenal." Professor Gabriela Goldschmidt Technion - Israel Institute of Technology This book extends understanding of the design process by exploring design representation types and examining them as theoretical constructs. It shows how fidelity and ambiguity inform the creative act of design, and considers design thinking through the lens of design representation. Design thinking is a method that has the potential to stimulate and enhance creativity. This book enhances understanding of what constitutes design thinking, why it is used and how it can be applied in practice to explore and develop ideas. The book positions a particular type of thinking through design representations, exploring this from its roots in design history, to the types of thinking in action associated with contemporary design practice. A taxonomy of design representations as a scaffold to express design intent, is applied to real world case studies. Product Design and the Role of Representation will be of interest to those working in or studying product development, engineering design and additive manufacturing.

Things We Could Design

Things We Could Design PDF Author: Ron Wakkary
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262366835
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 313

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Book Description
How posthumanist design enables a world in which humans share center stage with nonhumans, with whom we are entangled. Over the past forty years, designers have privileged human values such that human-centered design is seen as progressive. Yet because all that is not human has been depleted, made extinct, or put to human use, today's design contributes to the existential threat of climate change and the ongoing extinctions of other species. In Things We Could Design, Ron Wakkary argues that human-centered design is not the answer to our problems but is itself part of the problem. Drawing on philosophy, design theory, and numerous design works, he shows the way to a relational and expansive design based on humility and cohabitation. Wakkary says that design can no longer ignore its exploitation of nonhuman species and the materials we mine for and reduce to human use. Posthumanism, he argues, enables a rethinking of design that displaces the human at the center of thought and action. Weaving together posthumanist philosophies with design, he describes what he calls things--nonhumans made by designers--and calls for a commitment to design with more than human participation. Wakkary also focuses on design as "nomadic practices"--a multiplicity of intentionalities and situated knowledges that shows design to be expansive and pluralistic. He calls his overall approach "designing-with": the practice of design in a world in which humans share center stage with nonhumans, and in which we are bound together materially, ethically, and existentially.

Macrocognition: The Science and Engineering of Sociotechnical Work Systems

Macrocognition: The Science and Engineering of Sociotechnical Work Systems PDF Author: Paul Ward
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889454185
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 152

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Book Description
The increasing complexity of work systems and changes in the nature of workplace technology over the past century have resulted in an exponential shift in the nature of work activities, from physical labor to cognitive work. Modern work systems have many characteristics that make them cognitively complex: They can be highly interactive; comprised of multiple agents and artifacts; information may be limited and distributed across space and time; task goals are frequently ill-defined, conflicting, dynamic and emergent; planning may only be possible at general levels of abstraction or require adaptive solutions; some degree of proficiency or expertise is required; the stakes are often high; and uncertainty, time-constraints and stress are seldom absent. To complicate matters further, cognition in complex work settings is typically constrained by broader professional, organizational, and institutional practice and policy. These features of cognitive work present significant challenges to scientific methodology and theory, and subsequent design of reliable interventions. Historically, philosophers and scientists have attempted to understand the mental activities experienced during cognitive work at multiple levels of analysis using divergent methods. Some have examined cognition at an associative, contextual, functional or holistic level, relying on naturalistic methods to understand the higher mental processes as they work in harmony during goal-directed behavior. Others have embraced experimental methods and favored internal over external validity, often reducing cognition to a psychology of fundamental acts, such as short-term memory access with millisecond shifts in attention. More recently, Macrocognition has evolved as a complementary paradigm. Macrocognitive researchers have studied the cognitive functions and processes associated with skilled, adaptive, collaborative, and resilient cognitive work in the context of the aforementioned complexities of psychotechnical and sociotechnical work systems. Typically, this research has been carried out using cognitive task analytic techniques that draw on both naturalistic and (quasi-)experimental methods. The primary goals of research in Macrocognition are to better understand cognitive adaptations to complexity, to increase our theoretical understanding of the organism-environment relations by studying the mapping between cognitive work and real-world demands, and to promote use-inspired research capable of improving system performance.

Integrating a Usable Security Protocol into User Authentication Services Design Process

Integrating a Usable Security Protocol into User Authentication Services Design Process PDF Author: Christina Braz
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429787502
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 394

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Book Description
There is an intrinsic conflict between creating secure systems and usable systems. But usability and security can be made synergistic by providing requirements and design tools with specific usable security principles earlier in the requirements and design phase. In certain situations, it is possible to increase usability and security by revisiting design decisions made in the past; in others, to align security and usability by changing the regulatory environment in which the computers operate. This book addresses creation of a usable security protocol for user authentication as a natural outcome of the requirements and design phase of the authentication method development life cycle.

Complexity, Cognition, Urban Planning and Design

Complexity, Cognition, Urban Planning and Design PDF Author: Juval Portugali
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319326538
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 331

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Book Description
This book, which resulted from an intensive discourse between experts from several disciplines – complexity theorists, cognitive scientists, philosophers, urban planners and urban designers, as well as a zoologist and a physiologist – addresses various issues regarding cities. It is a first step in responding to the challenge of generating just such a discourse, based on a dilemma identified in the CTC (Complexity Theories of Cities) domain. The latter has demonstrated that cities exhibit the properties of natural, organic complex systems: they are open, complex and bottom-up, have fractal structures and are often chaotic. CTC have further shown that many of the mathematical formalisms and models developed to study material and organic complex systems also apply to cities. The dilemma in the current state of CTC is that cities differ from natural complex systems in that they are hybrid complex systems composed, on the one hand, of artifacts such as buildings, roads and bridges, and of natural human agents on the other. This raises a plethora of new questions on the difference between the natural and the artificial, the cognitive origin of human action and behavior, and the role of planning and designing cities. The answers to these questions cannot come from a single discipline; they must instead emerge from a discourse between experts from several disciplines engaged in CTC.