The Cause of the Body-wave Surface-wave Discriminant Between Earthquakes and Underground Nuclear Explosions at Near-regional Distances PDF Download
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Author: William Alan Peppin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Author: William Alan Peppin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Author: William A. Peppin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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We summarize contract work in connection with seismic discrimination. We have attempted to find a body wave-surface wave discriminant based on close-in data of NTS events. This endeavor now seems difficult to attain. We have done supporting work in terms of data recovery (high-quality digital data records of about 100 earthquakes and several nuclear explosions), extension of existing explosion source theory (to try and explain how, for a single explosion, the time history could appear different at different distances), and in creating theoretical seismograms for comparison with close-in (8 km) accelerometer data. (Author).
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309174503
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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On September 24, 1996, President Clinton signed the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty at the United Nations Headquarters. Over the next five months, 141 nations, including the four other nuclear weapon statesâ€"Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdomâ€"added their signatures to this total ban on nuclear explosions. To help achieve verification of compliance with its provisions, the treaty specifies an extensive International Monitoring System of seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasonic, and radionuclide sensors. This volume identifies specific research activities that will be needed if the United States is to effectively monitor compliance with the treaty provisions.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Laboratories
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Geophysics
Languages : en
Pages : 588
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Vols. 11 and 13 includes the Proceedings of the 2nd, 3rd, International Symposium on Geophysical Theory and Computers, Rehovoth, Israel, etc., 1965-66.
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Our identification research for the past several years has focused on the problem of correctly discriminating small-magnitude explosions from a background of earthquakes, mining tremors, and other events. Small magnitudes lead to an emphasis on regional waveforms. The goal is to reduce the variance within the population of each type of event, while increasing the separation between the explosions and the other event types. We address this problem for both broad categories of seismic waves, body waves, and surface waves. First, we map out the effects of propagation and source size in advance so that they can be accounted for and removed from observed events. This can dramatically reduce the population variance. Second, we try to optimize the measurement process to improve the separation between population types. For body waves we focus on the identification power of the short-period regional phases Pn, Pg, Sn and Lg, and coda that can often be detected down to very small magnitudes. It is now well established that particular ratios of these phases, such as 6- to 8-Hz Pn/Lg, can effectively discriminate between closely located explosions and earthquakes. To extend this discrimination power over broad areas, we developed a revised Magnitude and Distance Amplitude Correction (MDAC2) procedure (Walter and Taylor, 2002). This joint source and path model fits the observed spectra and removes magnitude and distance trends from the data. It allows for the possibility of variable apparent stress scaling in earthquakes, an unresolved issue that is the subject of investigation under separate funding. The MDACZ procedure makes use of the extremely stable coda estimates of Mw for source magnitude and can also use independent Q tomography to help reduce trade-offs in fitting spectra. We can then apply the kriging operation to the MDAC2 residuals to provide full 2-D path corrections by phase and frequency band. These corrections allow the exploration of all possible ratios and multivariate combinations of ratios for their discrimination power. We also make use of the MDAC2 spectra and the noise spectra to determine the expected signal-to-noise value of each phase and use that to optimize the multivariate discriminants as a function of location. We quantify the discrimination power using the misidentified event trade-off curves and an equi-probable measure. In addition to the traditional phases, we are also exploring the application of coda amplitudes in discrimination. Coda-derived spectra can be peaked due to Rg-to-coda scattering, which can indicate an unusually shallow source. For surface waves we have a new high-resolution regional Rayleigh-Wave tomography for the Yellow Sea and Korean Peninsula Region, based on measuring thousands of seismograms. We also continue to make new measurements for our regional Rayleigh and Love wave group velocity tomography models of Western Eurasia and North Africa. These tomography models provide high-resolution maps of group velocity from 10- to 100-s period. The maps also provide estimates of the expected phase spectra of new events that can be used in phase-match filters to compress the expected signals and improve the signal-to-noise ratio on surface wave magnitude (Ms) estimates. Phase match filters in combination with regional Ms formulas can significantly lower the threshold at which Ms can be measured, extending the Ms-mb discriminant. We have measured Ms in western Eurasia for thousands of events at tens of stations, with and without phase match filtering, and found a marked improvement in discrimination. Here we start to quantify the improvement to both discrimination performance and the Ms threshold reduction. The group velocity models also provide constraints on velocity structure, particularly in low seismicity regions. For example we are working with Dr. Bob Henmann and Dr. Charles Ammon to combine tomography derived group velocity curves with station based receiver functions in joint inversions to estimate structure.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Regional seismic explosion monitoring requires the discrimination of small clandestine nuclear explosions from background earthquakes. most successful teleseismic discriminant, the so-called Ms:mb, discriminant, compares the long-period surface waves magnitude (Ms) with the period P-based body wave magnitude (mb). There are many studies underway to try and extend surface wave magnitude (Ms) estimation to re distances and smaller magnitudes. Another problem that is encountered is how to estimate mb so that the Ms:mb discriminant is meaningful a consistent with teleseismic measures. For small-to-moderate sized events, the teleseismic body wave magnitude, mb(P), cannot be effectively measured due to low signal-to-noise ratio. We develop a stable regional alternative based on the P-coda that scales 1-to-1 with the teleseismic mb(P), but with the advantage of lower variance. Though mb(Lg) and mb(Lg-coda) can be tied to mb(P) for explosions, they overpredict earth magnitudes by ~0.5-1 magnitude units and degrade the performance of the Ms:mb discriminant. In contrast, mb(P-coda) does not exhibit this and can be used to extend Ms:mb to smaller regional events.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 1554
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Author: United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arms control
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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