Author: Roland N. Pittman
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615047212
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
Author: Michitoshi Inoue
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 4431683674
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Book Description
Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Author: Marilyn J. Cipolla
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615047239
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Author: J. Gordon Betts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781947172807
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Abraham Noordergraaf
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323141412
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
Circulatory System Dynamics reviews cardiovascular dynamics from the analytical viewpoint and indicates ways in which the accumulated knowledge can be expanded and applied to further enhance understanding of the normal mammalian circulation, to ascertain the nature of difficulties associated with disease, and to test the effect of treatment. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the circulatory system, including its anatomy and the trigger for myocardial (heart muscle) contraction. The discussion then turns to measurement of blood pressure using invasive and non-invasive techniques; blood flow measurement, with emphasis on cardiac output and measurement in the microcirculation; the system and pulmonary arterial trees; and pulsatile pressure and flow in pulmonary veins. Subsequent chapters explore microcirculation and the anatomy of the microvasculature; the heart and coronary circulation, paying particular attention to the Frank-Starling mechanism and indices of myocardial "contractility"; and control of blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and cerebral flow. The last two chapters deal with circulatory assistance and the closed cardiovascular system. This book will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers in fields ranging from physiology and biology to biochemistry and biophysics.
Author: R.D. Bauer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642670202
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
This book summarizes the papers presented at the symposium "Dynamics and Regulation of the Arterial System" held at Erlangen on 28-30 October 1977 in honor of Professor Erik Wetterer. The aim of the symposium was an inten sive exchange of ideas within a mUltidisciplinary group of scientists who are specialists in their fields of research. It is obvious that a two-day symposium covering such a wide range of topics could only highlight certain aspects of the latest research on the cardiovascular system. The book is divided into three sections. The first part deals with arterial hemo dynamics. Emphasized are the mechanical properties of the arterial wall, in particular the smooth muscle, fundamental parameters for the description of pulse wave propagation, such as attenuation, phase velocity, and reflection of pulse waves. Furthermore, new methods for recording arterial diameters and the latest results in determining pulsatile pressure and pulsatile diameter of arteries in vivo as well as from calculations based on models of the arterial system are presented. The second part deals with applications of the control theory and the principles of optimality of the cardiovascular system in toto and of single regions of this system. Contributions to research in the field of regulation of blood volume and of regional hemodynamics are also presented. The third part covers problems of interaction of the heart and the arterial system, including fluid mechanics of the aortic valves and the coronary blood flow under normal and pathologic conditions.
Author: David Chambers
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108463991
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 469
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Book Description
Easily understood, up-to-date and clinically relevant, this book provides junior anaesthetists with an essential physiology resource.
Author: Robert Fitridge
Publisher: University of Adelaide Press
ISBN: 1922064009
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 589
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Book Description
New updated edition first published with Cambridge University Press. This new edition includes 29 chapters on topics as diverse as pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, vascular haemodynamics, haemostasis, thrombophilia and post-amputation pain syndromes.
Author: Howard Reisner
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 0071821236
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 622
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Book Description
A unique case-based molecular approach to understanding pathology Pathology: A Modern Case Study is a concise, focused text that emphasizes the molecular and cellular biology essential to understanding the concepts of disease causation. The book includes numerous case studies designed to highlight the role of the pathologist in the team that provides patient care. Pathology: A Modern Case Study examines the role of anatomic, clinical, and molecular pathologists in dedicated chapters and in descriptions of the pathology of specific organ systems. Features Coverage of pathology focuses on modern approaches to common and important diseases Each chapter delivers the most up-to-date advances in pathology Learning aids include chapter summaries and overviews, bolded terms, and a glossary Common clinically relevant disease are highlighted Disease discussion is based on organ compartment and etiology Coverage includes: Disease and the Genome: Genetic, Developmental and Neoplastic Disease Cell Injury, Death and Aging and the Body's Response Environmental Injury Clinical Practice: Anatomic Pathology Clinical Practice: Molecular Pathology Clinical Practice: Molecular Pathology Organ-specific pathology covering all major body systems Molecular pathology Essential for undergraduate medical students and clinicians who wish to expand their knowledge pathology, Pathology: A Modern Case Study delivers valuable coverage that is directly related to a patient’s condition and the clinical practice of pathology.
Author: D. Gareth Beevers
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1405171359
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 89
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Book Description
Hypertension is a condition which affects millions of peopleworldwide and its treatment greatly reduces the risk of strokes andheart attacks. This fully revised and updated edition of the ABCof Hypertension is an established guide providing all thenon-specialist needs to know about the measurement of bloodpressure and the investigation and management of hypertensivepatients. This new edition provides comprehensively updated andrevised information on how and whom to treat. The ABC of Hypertension will prove invaluable to generalpractitioners who may be screening large numbers of patients forhypertension, as well as nurse practitioners, midwives and otherhealthcare professionals.
