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Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : State-sponsored terrorism
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : State-sponsored terrorism
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Author: Vera Mironova
Publisher: Causes and Consequences of Ter
ISBN: 0190939753
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 345
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Book Description
At the start of the Syrian conflict in 2011, thousands of pro-democracy rebel groups spontaneously formed to fight the Assad regime. Years later, the revolution was unrecognizable as rebel opposition forces had merged into three major groups: Jabhat al-Nusra, Ahrar al Sham, and the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Why did these three groups rapidly increase in size and military strength while others simply disappeared? What is it about their organizational structure and their Islamist ideology that helped group manage their fighters so successfully? With these questions at the forefront, this book examines the internal organization of armed groups and, in particular, their human resources. Analyzing the growth of these groups through the prism of a labor market theory, this book shows that extreme Islamist groups were able to attract fighters away from more moderate groups because they had better internal organization, took better care of fighters both physically and monetarily, experienced less internal corruption, and effectively used their Islamist ideology to control recruits. With unparalleled access and extensive ethnographic research drawn from her interviews and her year embedded with Iraqi Special Operation forces, Mironova delves deep into the ideological and practical nexus of some of the most radical groups in the Middle East. This book brings together more than 600 survey-interviews with local civilians and fighters on the frontline in Syria and a dataset of human resource policies from 40 armed groups; it is an invaluable resource for anyone who wants insight into the on the ground functioning of rebel organizations.
Author: Createspace Independent Pub
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781546361756
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
The Syrian war has raged for nearly 6 years. The regime of Bashar Assad, along with his backers in Moscow and Tehran, have pursued a policy of murdering anybody that expresses criticism of his power. Assad uses barrel bombs against anyone that is opposed to his regime. Half a million Syrian people have died, at least. Fifty thousand of those people, by all estimates, have been children. Five million Syrians have become refugees; 6 million are internally displaced. Terrorists, foreign fighters, rebels, and foreign governments, are all engaged in a battle for territory and control of different aspects of Syria. The state actors are divided into pro-Assad and anti-Assad actors. Additionally, there are terrorist groups on both sides of the conflict. Hezbollah, a terrorist group, is fighting for Assad; ISIS and Al-Qaeda, both terrorist groups, are are anti-Assad. In Syria, there are a multitude of actors all seeking to advance their own self-interests. The losers in this have been the Syrian people. What is the end game in the Syria? What is the national security interest of the United States? Should the U.S. ratchet up its involvement? Should the Middle East be left to resolve the conflict?
Author: Charles River Charles River Editors
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781985003101
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
*Includes pictures *Explains the group's ideology and differences with the Islamic State *Includes online resources, footnotes, and a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents Since the Arab Spring uprising of 2011, reports of terrorist attacks around the world have flooded international media. Syria, a country about one and half times the size of Texas, has become the central battleground for many terrorist groups; those the world often focuses on and has heard much of--such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (also known as ISIS and Da'ash, but from here on referred to as ISIL)--and those the world rarely hears about and is unable to make distinctions between others--such as Jabhat Al-Nusra. Despite the lack of focused attention on its activities, Jabhat Al-Nusra (or, the Nusra Front as it is sometimes referred to) has built quite a reputation in Syria and the greater Middle East for its seemingly endless supply of weapons, ability to ally with strategic partners, and its peculiar mix of international, albeit notorious, supporters inside the country. Jabhat Al-Nusra's formal name is, "Jabhat Al-Nusra li-Ahl al-Sham," or, the "Victorious Support Front for the People of Sham (or, Syria)" and the group first emerged on the international scene in early 2012 as a localized Syrian affiliate of Al-Qaeda in Iraq. The group has carried out numerous terrorist attacks and kidnappings, and has been involved in a variety of battles against Bashar Assad's Syrian government forces as well as against other anti-government factions such as ISIL. The complexity of the Syrian Civil War is most definitely reflected in the complexity of the groups fighting for power within and around its borders; Jabhat Al-Nusra is no exception. The group's relationship with ISIL, Al-Qaeda, and the other militant factions within Syria is complicated and appears often conflictual: as of the time of this writing, Jabhat Al-Nusra had announced its split from Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) but analysts believe this is nothing more than a re-branding technique to attract all fighting elements in Syria to be under its own umbrella of control. The international community's response to the Syria Civil War has been quite disorganized. The United States was quick to support the protester movements across the region during the Arab Spring which put Syrian President Bashar Assad on high alert. As the war commenced inside Syria, Russia was quick to rush to Assad's defense and aid both inside the country and to the international community more generally. This situation pitted the U.S. and Russia against each other once again which left the Syrian people in between. Jabhat Al-Nusra took this as an opportunity to fill in the gap where the world's superpowers failed them. Not only is Al-Nusra attempting to gain legitimacy within the country, they want to show the world they are the only force fighting for the Sunnis of Syria. From the summer of 2014 to 2016, the U.S.-led coalition has focused much of its effort on destroying the brutal ISIL whose territory encompasses parts of both Iraq and Syria. Al-Nusra has capitalized on ISIL's time in the spotlight and carved its own niche among Syrians, developing relationships and carrying out small scale battles against the Assad regime and rival rebel militant groups around the country. This has been particularly attractive to countries like Turkey and Qatar, whose feel their own position in the region may shift depending on the outcome of the war and the United States' changing relationship with Iran. Al-Nusra certainly appears more appealing than ISIL. In late July 2016, Al-Nusra evolved once more by changing its name to Jabhat Fatah Al-Sham and officially cutting ties with Al-Qaeda. According to analysts, this move is just another step in a long-term effort for Al-Nusra to make itself seem different than the other groups it competes with in the region.
Author: Charles R. Lister
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190613467
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 516
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Book Description
The eruption of the anti-Assad revolution in Syria has had many unintended consequences, among which is the opportunity it offered Sunni jihadists to establish a foothold in the heart of the Middle East. That Syria's ongoing civil war is so brutal and protracted has only compounded the situation, as have developments in Iraq and Lebanon. Ranging across the battlefields and international borders have been dozens of jihadi Islamist fighting groups, of which some coalesced into significant factions such as Jabhat al Nusra and the Islamic State. This book assesses and explains the emergence since 2011 of Sunni jihadist organizations in Syria's fledgling insurgency, charts their evolution and situates them within the global Islamist project. Unprecedented numbers of foreign fighters have joined such groups, who will almost certainly continue to host them. Thus, external factors in their emergence are scrutinized, including the strategic and tactical lessons learned from other jihadist conflict zones and the complex interplay between Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State and how it has influenced the jihadist sphere in Syria. Tensions between and conflict within such groups also feature in this indispensable volume.
Author: United States. Congress
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781981466245
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
Terrorist groups in Syria : hearing before the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, November 20, 2013.
Author: Michael Knights
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 0755643046
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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Book Description
The U.S.-led effort to fight the Islamic State in northeastern Syria since 2014 has been as controversial and poorly understood as it has been significant. Advocates of fighting “by, with and through” the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) view the campaign as a near-ideal case study of a cost-effective U.S. military intervention that should be duplicated in the future. Critics of the campaign say that the U.S. allied itself with a terrorist group and endangered its ties with Turkey, a long-stranding NATO partner; losing sight of strategic priorities in order to win tactical victories at low cost. This book combines general research with 50 interviews gathered in Syria with Kurdish, Arab and Christian SDF officers, and 50 interviews with U.S. and French officials and military officers with on-the-ground involvement in the war. It provides an unprecedented window into how the war was really prosecuted, in the eyes of the participants at all levels, uniquely looking not only at how U.S. soldiers view their partner forces, but how the local partners view them in return. This is a unique and essential insight into US strategy in Syria and beyond.
Author: Pavel Pylypcuk
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668555982
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: A, , language: English, abstract: This essay will deal with the ongoing violent conflict in Syria, generally known as the Syrian Civil War. Being one of the most discussed and impactful conflicts of the last decade or so, the Syrian Civil War is undoubtedly worthy of an analysis from the perspective of the field of International Studies. The conflict in Syria, which has marked its fifth anniversary in March 2016, has quickly become a global political battleground for two superpowers, Russia and the United States. The involvement of the two world leaders in the conflict has also brought high level of coverage of the conflict, both in scholarly and popular literature. The global importance of this conflict and the amount of material on the topic have both given more than enough reason for the Syrian Civil War to be selected as the primary focus of the essay. Furthermore, the essay will specifically focus on two main issues: first, it will focus on the emergence of the conflict and the key actors involved in it, and second, the essay will try to describe some of the major (and often devastating)effects the conflict has had on both the country of Syria and its neighboring countries, including the continent of Europe.
Author: and trade of the Committee on Foreign Affairs House of Representatives, Nonproliferation Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and trade of the Committee on Foreign Affairs House of Representatives
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781497394773
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
The crisis in Syria is a complicated mess. Assad has slaughtered innocent civilians and has used chemical weapons on his own people. Assad is supported by the Iranian regime and Hezbollah. Aside from Hezbollah and Assad's armed forces, there are Shabihas, irregular militias, that are loyal death squads for the regime. On the other side you have the Sunni fighters who range from so-called moderates to hard core extremists with ties to al-Qaeda. The worst is the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, ISIS, which is al-Qaeda. ISIS numbers well into the thousands, and most of the foreign fighters who have come to Syria fight with ISIS. ISIS sits at the top of the pyramid, followed by Jabhat al-Nusra, or JN, which is another jihadist group that is philosophically aligned with al-Qaeda. The so-called moderates fight for the Supreme Military Command Council, or SMC, but a large faction of the SMC has defected to al-Qaeda. With so-called moderates fleeing to al-Qaeda, it seems that conflict has become a war between radical al-Qaeda affiliated extremists and a brutal dictator.
Author: Patrik Paulov
Publisher: BoD - Books on Demand
ISBN: 917969084X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 455
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Book Description
"A merciless revelation of the lies from media and politicians and the concealed facts... anyone who think they've heard the truth from the media and the politicians should read it!" Arbejderen, Danish daily "A comprehensive, independent analysis done because the book has so much focus on Syria's own people - ordinary people that always disappear in the media watching for the benefit of the leaders - and at the same time, Paulov dismantles the official media picture, revealing the game of the world powers... He contributes to public education, diversity, and debate." Jan Oberg, Swedish Peace researcher and director of Transnational Foundation Syria's Silenced Voices by Patrik Paulov depicts a decade of war in Syria through the eyes of Syrians who do not agree with the media image in the West. It is, simultaneously, a critical review of the Western countries and their allies' involvement and interests in the war. Syria's Silenced Voices also examines the unknown role played by Sweden, a country which has declared itself a "humanitarian superpower". Sweden has in fact been backing a Syrian opposition movement allied with terrorist organizations. Patrik Paulov concludes that what has happened in Syria and why is important to discuss since it is not just about Syria and the Syrian people. It is about examining the role of the Western governments in causing death and destruction in the other parts of the world, under the disguise of promoting democracy and human rights. Syria's Silenced Voices (Syriens tystade röster in Swedish) was first published by Karneval publishing house in Stockholm in 2019. The English edition is updated and with a newly written chapter added in May 2021.
