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Author: Hans W. Dechert
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110816571
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 385
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Author: Hans W. Dechert
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110816571
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 385
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Book Description
Author: Gabriela Appel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Language and languages
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Author: Mary Kathryn Kenney
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Mária Gósy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hungarian language
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Author: Rama Lynn Rogers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Speech
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
Author: Raoul Oehmen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Linguistic change
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
[Truncated abstract] While much of the communication between humans is carried in the linguistic content of our utterances, a great deal of information is transmitted in more subtle ways. Speech convergence; seen as the increasing similarity of a range of linguistic and prosodic variables in the speech of interacting partners represents one such form of communication. While the communicative outcomes of convergence are increasingly well understood, exactly how it is produced by speakers and interpreted by listeners is as yet unclear and represents a distinct gap in our knowledge of human communication. A number of conflicting theories seek to account for the available evidence of this phenomena via either social or automatic accounts. The present thesis seeks to contrast the socially motivated theory of Communication Accommodation (Giles 1973) with the Interactive Alignment Model (Pickering and Garrod 2004); an automatic theory in which convergence is seen as a behaviour that allows interacting partners to parsimoniously share the burden of language production in order to gain a fluency benefit. Based on the assumptions underlying each theory, a number of predictions can be derived for experimental testing. Central to the present thesis is the notion that the study of individual variables is insufficient to test the differing assumptions of both Communication Accommodation Theory and the Model of Interactive Alignment. Instead, we suggest that such questions can only be addressed in a multivariate fashion by observing convergence over multiple variables simultaneously; something that few studies have attempted previously. Furthermore, as relationships between variables represent an aspect of interest, the analysis of one variable needs to be orthogonal and uninfluenced by the presence of other variables. In Chapter 2, we propose that the incredibly detailed temporal segmentation required for modern speech/pause analysis offers not only a number of temporal variables in its own right (Short Pause Mean, Long Pause Mean and Speech Segment Mean), but also provides the basis for the accurate analysis of a series of additional prosodic variables (Amplitude, Articulation Rate and Long Term Average Spectrum), that together form a suite of variables suited to the analysis of speech convergence. Despite researchers having segmented speech from pause in the pursuit of the temporal properties of natural language for over fifty years; only comparatively recently have the distributions of these speech/pause durations been found to be normally distributed in a log-space (e.g. Kirsner, Dunn et al. 2002). In the present thesis it is argued that the log-normal distribution of speech segments, and the bi-modal log-normal distribution of pauses, offers not only the potential for a greater understanding of language production, but also a fruitful set of variables with which to measure a variety of speech phenomena, including convergence...
Author: David Wood
Publisher: A&C Black
ISBN: 1441158197
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 249
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Book Description
The only comprehensive survey of research on formulaic language and L2 speech and the teaching implications of the link between them
Author: Li Deng
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1598290657
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Book Description
Speech dynamics refer to the temporal characteristics in all stages of the human speech communication process. This speech “chain” starts with the formation of a linguistic message in a speaker's brain and ends with the arrival of the message in a listener's brain. Given the intricacy of the dynamic speech process and its fundamental importance in human communication, this monograph is intended to provide a comprehensive material on mathematical models of speech dynamics and to address the following issues: How do we make sense of the complex speech process in terms of its functional role of speech communication? How do we quantify the special role of speech timing? How do the dynamics relate to the variability of speech that has often been said to seriously hamper automatic speech recognition? How do we put the dynamic process of speech into a quantitative form to enable detailed analyses? And finally, how can we incorporate the knowledge of speech dynamics into computerized speech analysis and recognition algorithms? The answers to all these questions require building and applying computational models for the dynamic speech process. What are the compelling reasons for carrying out dynamic speech modeling? We provide the answer in two related aspects. First, scientific inquiry into the human speech code has been relentlessly pursued for several decades. As an essential carrier of human intelligence and knowledge, speech is the most natural form of human communication. Embedded in the speech code are linguistic (as well as para-linguistic) messages, which are conveyed through four levels of the speech chain. Underlying the robust encoding and transmission of the linguistic messages are the speech dynamics at all the four levels. Mathematical modeling of speech dynamics provides an effective tool in the scientific methods of studying the speech chain. Such scientific studies help understand why humans speak as they do and how humans exploit redundancy and variability by way of multitiered dynamic processes to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of human speech communication. Second, advancement of human language technology, especially that in automatic recognition of natural-style human speech is also expected to benefit from comprehensive computational modeling of speech dynamics. The limitations of current speech recognition technology are serious and are well known. A commonly acknowledged and frequently discussed weakness of the statistical model underlying current speech recognition technology is the lack of adequate dynamic modeling schemes to provide correlation structure across the temporal speech observation sequence. Unfortunately, due to a variety of reasons, the majority of current research activities in this area favor only incremental modifications and improvements to the existing HMM-based state-of-the-art. For example, while the dynamic and correlation modeling is known to be an important topic, most of the systems nevertheless employ only an ultra-weak form of speech dynamics; e.g., differential or delta parameters. Strong-form dynamic speech modeling, which is the focus of this monograph, may serve as an ultimate solution to this problem. After the introduction chapter, the main body of this monograph consists of four chapters. They cover various aspects of theory, algorithms, and applications of dynamic speech models, and provide a comprehensive survey of the research work in this area spanning over past 20~years. This monograph is intended as advanced materials of speech and signal processing for graudate-level teaching, for professionals and engineering practioners, as well as for seasoned researchers and engineers specialized in speech processing
Author: Sandra Götz
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 902720358X
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 263
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Book Description
This book takes a new and holistic approach to fluency in English speech and differentiates between productive, perceptive, and nonverbal fluency. The in-depth corpus-based description of productive fluency points out major differences of how fluency is established in native and nonnative speech. It also reveals areas in which even highly advanced learners of English still deviate strongly from the native target norm and in which they have already approximated to it. Based on these findings, selected learners are subjected to native speakers' ratings of seven perceptive fluency variables in order to test which variables are most responsible for a perception of oral proficiency on the sides of the listeners. Finally, language-pedagogical implications derived from these findings for the improvement of fluency in learner language are presented. This book is conceptually and methodologically relevant for corpus-linguistics, learner corpus research and foreign language teaching and learning.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Applied linguistics
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
