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Author: Tammy A. Morrish
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789845742
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
This book, Telomerase and non-Telomerase Mechanisms of Telomere Maintenance, is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the molecular biology research area. All chapters are individually complete but united under a common research topic. This publication aims to provide a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors on biochemistry, genetics,and molecular biology, and open new possible research paths for further novel developments. A note from the publisher: It is with great sadness and regret that we inform the contributing authors and readers of this book that the Editor, Dr Tammy A. Morrish, passed away during the publishing process of the book and before having a chance to see its publication. The book Telomerase and non-Telomerase Mechanisms of Telomere Maintenance was her first edited volume with us. Fruitful collaboration continued until her final days. We would like to acknowledge Dr Morrish's contribution to scientific publishing, which she made during years of dedicated work, and express our gratitude for her pleasant cooperation with us.
Author: Tammy A. Morrish
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789845742
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 132
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book, Telomerase and non-Telomerase Mechanisms of Telomere Maintenance, is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the molecular biology research area. All chapters are individually complete but united under a common research topic. This publication aims to provide a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors on biochemistry, genetics,and molecular biology, and open new possible research paths for further novel developments. A note from the publisher: It is with great sadness and regret that we inform the contributing authors and readers of this book that the Editor, Dr Tammy A. Morrish, passed away during the publishing process of the book and before having a chance to see its publication. The book Telomerase and non-Telomerase Mechanisms of Telomere Maintenance was her first edited volume with us. Fruitful collaboration continued until her final days. We would like to acknowledge Dr Morrish's contribution to scientific publishing, which she made during years of dedicated work, and express our gratitude for her pleasant cooperation with us.
Author: Keiko Hiyama
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1603278796
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 375
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Book Description
Telomerase, an enzyme that maintains telomeres and endows eukaryotic cells with immortality, was first discovered in tetrahymena in 1985. In 1990s, it was proven that this enzyme also plays a key role in the infinite proliferation of human cancer cells. Now telomere and telomerase are widely accepted as important factors involved in cancer biology, and as promising diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets. Recently, role of telomerase in “cancer stem cells” has become another attractive story. Until now, there are several good books on telomere and telomerase focusing on biology in ciliates, yeasts, and mouse or basic sciences in human, providing basic scientists or students with updated knowledge.
Author: Predrag Slijepcevic
Publisher: S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
ISBN: 9783805590631
Category : Telomerase
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Telomeres are essential functional elements of eukaryotic chromosomes. Their fundamental biological role as protectors of chromosome stability was identified for the first time in the 1930s by Hermann Muller and Barbara McClintock based on pioneering cytological experiments. Modern molecular research carried out more recently revealed that telomeres and telomerase play important roles in processes such as carcinogenesis and cellular senescence. This special issue presents the most recent developments in this highly active field of research. It is becoming increasingly clear that molecular pathways involved in regulation of telomere length and structure are functionally linked with pathways involved in DNA damage response, cellular stress response, chromatin organization and perhaps even pathways that regulate evolutionary chromosome rearrangements. The above functional link is explored by the leading experts in the field of telomere biology. Cell biologists, molecular biologists, oncologists, gerontologists, and radiobiologists with an interest in the role of telomeres/telomerase will appreciate the up-to-date information in this publication.
Author: Derek J. Chadwick
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470515449
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
Telomeres and Telomerase Chairman: Sydney Brenner, 1997 Telomeres are the protective genetic elements located at the ends of chromosomes and are essential for correct chromosomal structure and function. They are not fully replicated by the conventional DNA polymerase system because DNA synthesis occurs only in the 5' to 3' direction and requires an RNA primer for initiation. Consequently, cells require a special enzyme to maintain the telomeric ends of chromosomes during each round of replication. This enzyme, telomerase, is a ribonucleoprotein that extends chromosome ends by adding short stretches of nucleotide repeats using a portion of its integral RNA component as the template. Recently, much excitement has been generated by the suggestion that telomerase, or rather the absence of telomerase and the resultant loss of terminal DNA, is a cause of human ageing. The evidence for this is twofold: the telomeres of certain cells in culture shorten during their lifespan; and immortalization of cells is associated, at least in some cases, with the maintenance of telomeres and telomerase activity. The latter observation prompted the analysis of clinical samples from patients with cancer and the demonstration that, in contrast to normal somatic cells, malignant cells possess telomerase activity. This is a unique book. Not only does it contain the latest experimental results from an international group of experts, but it also includes critical examinations of the current evidence, and discussions that attempt to identify the central and underlying concepts of this rapidly expanding field.
Author: John A. Double
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592591892
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
The fundamental problem that dividing cells have to ov- come is that of end-replication. Chromosomes shorten by many bases during DNA replication and so this presents a major hurdle that a cell has to overcome both to enable it to proliferate and for the larger organism to survive and reproduce. The enzyme telomerase provides a mechanism to ensure chromosome stability in both normal and neoplastic cells. The demonstration of telomerase expression in a majority of tumors and the realization of the potential role of telomerase in aging has opened up the potential for telomerase to be used as a target for therapeutic intervention. There is therefore great interest in the expression and activity of telomerase in a wide range of biological disciplines. Telomeres and Telomerase: Methods and Protocols has been produced as a tool for the many researchers in different areas of cell biology who are interested in following research in the area of telomerase and telomere maintenance, either in the area of fundamental mec- nisms or perhaps in the area of more applied drug discovery work.
Author: Marcelo Larramendy
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535127527
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
This book, Telomere - A Complex End of a Chromosome, is organized into nine chapters containing the latest aspects of the current knowledge about the structure of telomeres and the crucial role that telomerase plays not only in maintaining chromosomal stability but also in relation to cell immortality, cell instability, and cancer biology. We now appreciate that these unusual complexes of DNA and proteins we all know as "telomeres" are dynamic and key structures that depend on telomerase and other cellular factors for continuance. Regulation of telomere activity is a dynamic area of current research, and new insights into telomeres and their role in aging and cancer, among other biological functions and pathologies, appear regularly in the scientific world. However, one fact is more than understandable in this difficult biological conundrum: the end of the telomere story is far from being totally unraveled.
Author: Amelia Marti
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351648470
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
The maintenance of telomeres—repetitive sequences at the end of chromosome—is essential to health. Dysfunction in telomere maintenance pathways plays a role in aging, cancer, atherosclerosis and other diseases. This has led to telomere maintenance as a prime target for patient therapies. This book describes the advances in telomere research as it applies to human health and especially how lifestyle and dietary factors could modify the telomerase maintenance process. The book examines the mechanisms involved, the primary of which are oxidative stress and the role of sirtuins, and how they can be modified by dietary patterns such as Mediterranean diet.
Author: Kunitoshi Chiba
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
Telomeres are the repetitive sequences at the ends of linear chromosomes. The key functions of telomeres are to protect the cells from losing genomic information and to prevent chromosome ends from being repaired by the double strand break repair machinery. To counteract loss of telomeric DNA, cells can express a reverse transcriptase, telomerase, that synthesizes telomeric repeats de novo. In humans, telomerase activity is mostly restricted to germ and stem cells, so the telomeres of most somatic cells progressively shorten with each cell division. Once telomeres become critically short, they are recognized as sites of DNA damage and cells cease to proliferate. By this mechanism, telomere shortening functions as a tumor suppression mechanism. TERT, the protein component of telomerase, becomes silenced once stem cells differentiate. However, in 90% of cancer cells, TERT is transcriptionally re-activated. Thus, telomerase regulation is crucial for our understanding of telomere length regulation in stem cell maintenance and tumorigenesis. To understand how telomerase acts on telomeres, I attempted to endogenously tag telomerase. To do this I inserted epitope tags at the endogenous TERT locus in hESCs using genome editing. However, I found that all the tested tags cause defects in telomere maintenance, which was previously not appreciated in experiments using exogenous overexpression. Recently, point mutations in the TERT promoter were identified as the most frequent non-coding mutations in cancer. To elucidate the role of TERT promoter mutations (TPMs) in tumorigenesis, I genetically engineered these TPMs into human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) using genome editing. Using the resulting isogenic hESC lines, I demonstrated that TPMs lead to a failure of TERT silencing upon differentiation from stem into somatic cells. To understand role of TPMs in tumorigenesis, I monitored long-term telomere maintenance and proliferation in human fibroblasts engineered to carry TPMs. I found that TPMs immortalize cells but do not prevent telomere shortening and telomere fusions. In vitro, around the time when telomere fusions occurred, TERT expression was gradually increased. Thus, TPMs are required, but not sufficient, for cancer cell immortality and contribute to tumorigenesis in two steps. First, TPMs expand proliferation capacity of a cell by elongating only the shortest telomeres but do not prevent overall telomere shortening. In the second step, TPMs fuel tumorigenesis by not fully suppressing genomic instability. In order for cells to immortalize they need to upregulate TERT during this second step.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: Neal F. Lue
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118267516
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date review and evaluation of the contemporary status of telomerase research. Chapters in this volume cover the basic structure, mechanisms, and diversity of the essential and regulatory subunits of telomerase. Other topics include telomerase biogenesis, transcriptional and post-translational regulation, off-telomere functions of telomerase and the role of telomerase in cellular senescence, aging and cancer. Its relationship to retrotransposons, a class of mobile genetic elements that shares similarities with telomerase and serves as telomeres in selected organisms, are also reviewed.
