Tectonique en extension et changement d'états de contraintes cénozoïque en domaine intra-continental PDF Download

Author: Olivier Bellier
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Languages : en
Pages : 296

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Book Description
This work aims to study the Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Northern Peru intra-cordilleran basins and active faults and, of the Northern China rift systems. 1) The Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Northern Peru Western Cordillera : After the main Eocene shortening (Incaic phase) that affects the High Andes, several basins have been initiated along major faults in the Western Cordillera of the Northern Peru : the Cajabamba, San Marcos, and Namora basins...These one were half-grabens infilled by Miocene fluvio-lacustrine deposits. We exposed Miocene synsedimentary extensional tectonics having a ENE-WSW and NE-SW trending extensional direction. The mean subsidence rate of these half-grabens is moderate : 0.1 mm/y. Two Late Neogene and Early Pleistocene compressional tectonics characterised by N105° and N-S trending shortening post-date the Miocene extension and pre-date a N-S trending extensional tectonics. This one was taking place during the Quaternary. The 1946 Quiches and, 1937 Chaquilbamba normal fault reactivations testify that this N-S trending extension is the present-day tectonic regime. The states of stress in the High Andes were produced by a combination of edge and, body forces. The edge forces are the effect of the convergence force on the South American plate limit and the body forces are the gravity forces due to the Andean high topography. We also showed that the intra-cordilleran states of stress can be modificated by instabilities produced by the plate edges or (and) montains belt geometry. 2) The Northern China geodynamic evolution : The Northern China geodynamic evolution was mainly exposed by the Wei He graben study (Shaanxi Province). This one is located along the EW-ESE striking fault system of the Qinling Shan which separates the Northern China Block (NCB) from the Southern China Block (SCB). The subsidence began, in the Wei He graben, during the Middle (or Early) Eocene time and continued up to present day with only one sedimentary gap observed during the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene times. During the Paleogene, the subsidence rate was in the order of 0.1 mm/y. It increased during the Miocene (0.15 to 0.30 mm/y) to reach more than 1 mm/y at the present-day. The kinematic analyses of the main fault planes of the Wei He graben show that : (1) The Late Pliocene to Quaternary and present-day tectonic regime is extensional and characterized by NW-SE trending extensional direction which induced a normal movement with a little sinistral component on the main faults striking E-W to WNW-ESE. (2) During the Neogene times the tectonic regime was extensional with a NE-SW trending extensional direction which induced a normal movement with small dextral strike-slip component on the main faults. (3) An oldest tectonic regime produced strike-slip-normal motions on the main faults. This may be due to a Paleogene transtensional regime characterised by E-W trending extensional direction. These Cenozoic tectonic regimes were combined consequences of the India-Asia collision and of the Eastern Eurasia subductions. The collision produces the Southern China Block extrusion and the subductions produce convections and astenospheric upwelling.