Techniques and Technologies for Far-infrared Astronomy PDF Download
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Author: Geoffrey R. H. Sitwell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Far infrared astronomy is pivotal to our understanding of how the universe evolved, from the earliest galaxies to ongoing star and planet formation. Observations in the far infrared, however, are limited by thermal radiation in optics, and low spatial resolution. Reducing the noise brought about by thermal radiation of optical systems used in far infrared astronomy requires cryogenically cooled components. It is therefore important to understand how the physical properties of structural materials change in the cryogenic regime in order to understand their behaviour at operational temperatures. The design of a dedicated cryogenic materials testing site for probing thermal contraction and thermal conductivity of materials is presented. The characterization of two nanometer precision metrology systems is discussed, and the systems are used to measure the thermal contraction of aluminium and carbon fibre reinforced polymers to temperatures below 10 K. Suggestions for improvements in the experimental procedure are provided.
Author: Geoffrey R. H. Sitwell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Far infrared astronomy is pivotal to our understanding of how the universe evolved, from the earliest galaxies to ongoing star and planet formation. Observations in the far infrared, however, are limited by thermal radiation in optics, and low spatial resolution. Reducing the noise brought about by thermal radiation of optical systems used in far infrared astronomy requires cryogenically cooled components. It is therefore important to understand how the physical properties of structural materials change in the cryogenic regime in order to understand their behaviour at operational temperatures. The design of a dedicated cryogenic materials testing site for probing thermal contraction and thermal conductivity of materials is presented. The characterization of two nanometer precision metrology systems is discussed, and the systems are used to measure the thermal contraction of aluminium and carbon fibre reinforced polymers to temperatures below 10 K. Suggestions for improvements in the experimental procedure are provided.
Author: V. Manno
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401028850
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
Infrared Astronomy is a relatively new subject but it has already radically altered our ideas about astronomical sources. Recent progress in this subject is the result of improved detection techniques, particularly the use of detectors at liquid helium temperatures. Unfortunately, the terrestrial atmosphere greatly restricts Infrared astronomers by allowing them to detect radiation only in narrow transmission win dows and by presenting a foreground emission which limits the faintness of observable sources. It is only from aircraft or balloon altitudes that we can begin to observe faint sources over the complete range of wavelengths between the visible and the radio regions. Few such observations have yet been made and none from satellites, although the latter vehicle will offer complete freedom from atmospheric effects. New developments and intermediate steps will be required before the ultimate aim of flying in space can be achieved. It is not surprising therefore that the Fifth Eslab/Esrin Symposium should deal with this problem. This book contains the proceedings of the Symposium and faithfully records all discussions. The Symposium covered the present situation and future perspectives of IR techniques. International leaders in the field reviewed the results to date and the possible developments in telescope systems, detectors, cryogenics, filters, and interferometers. Individual con tributions were made by European and U. S. scientists in each of these fields.
Author: Michael Rowan-Robinson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Infrared astronomy
Languages : en
Pages : 335
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Author: Daniel Y. Gezari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Infrared astronomy
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Author: K. C. Sugden
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Jochen Heidt
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030984419
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 301
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Book Description
Near-infrared astronomy has become one of the most rapidly developing branches in modern astrophysics. Innovative observing techniques, near-infrared detectors with quantum efficiencies in excess of 90%, highly specialised instruments as well as advanced data reduction techniques have allowed major breakthroughs in various areas like exoplanets, star-forming regions, the supermassive black hole in the Galactic center, and the high-redshift Universe. In this book, the reader will be introduced to the basic concepts of how to prepare near-infrared observations with maximized scientific return. Equal weight is given to all aspects of the data reduction for both - imaging and spectroscopy. Information is also provided on the state of the art instrumentation available and planned, on detector technology or the physics of the atmosphere, all of which influence the preparation and execution of observations and data reduction techniques. The beginner but also the expert will find a lot of information in compact form which is otherwise widely dispersed across the internet or other sources.
Author: David L. Clements
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 148223727X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
Uncover the Secrets of the Universe Hidden at Wavelengths beyond Our Optical Gaze William Herschel’s discovery of infrared light in 1800 led to the development of astronomy at wavelengths other than the optical. Infrared Astronomy – Seeing the Heat: from William Herschel to the Herschel Space Observatory explores the work in astronomy that relies on observations in the infrared. Author David L. Clements, a distinguished academic and science fiction writer, delves into how the universe works, from the planets in our own Solar System to the universe as a whole. The book first presents the major telescopes in the world of observational infrared astronomy, explains how infrared light is detected through various kinds of telescopes, and describes practical problems that send infrared astronomers to the tops of mountains and their telescopes into orbit and beyond. Much of the book focuses on what infrared astronomers find in their observations. You’ll discover what infrared astronomy reveals about the planets, moons, and other bodies that constitute our Solar System; star formation and stellar evolution; the processes that shape galaxies; and dark energy and dark matter. Infrared astronomy has revolutionized our understanding of the universe and has become essential in studying cosmology. Accessible to amateur astronomers, this book presents an overview of the science and technology associated with infrared astronomy. With color figures, it shows you how infrared astronomy provides insights into the workings of the universe that are unavailable at other wavelengths.
Author: Daniel Y. Gezari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Infrared astronomy
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 131
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Far-infrared (IR) and submillimeter (15 [mu]m-1 mm) spectroscopy provides a powerful tool to probe a wide range of environments in the universe. In the past thirty years, many space-based observatories have opened the far-IR window to the universe, providing unique insights into several astrophysical processes related to the evolution of the early universe. Nonetheless, the size and cost of the cryogenic spectrometers required to carry out such measurements have been a limiting factor in our ability to fully explore this rich spectral region and answer questions regarding the very first moments of the universe. Among the key technologies required to enable this science are ultra-low-noise, far-IR, direct-detection spectrometers. In this thesis, Micro-Spec ([mu]-Spec) is proposed as a novel technology concept to enable a large range of flight missions that would otherwise be challenging due to the large size of current instruments and the required spectral resolution and sensitivity. [mu]-Spec is a direct-detection spectrometer operating in the 450-1000-[mu]m regime, which employs superconducting microstrip transmission lines to achieve a resolution (R >/= 1200) and be integrated on a ~10-cm2 silicon chip. The objective of this thesis is to explore the feasibility of the [mu]-Spec technology. First, analytical models are developed for the dielectric function of silicon compounds to be used as substrates in the transmission lines. These materials represent the ultimate source of loss in the system. The models are used to analyze laboratory spectral data of silicon nitride and oxide films and provide information on the loss within a 4% accuracy. A design methodology is then developed for the spectrometer diffractive region given specific requirements on size and spectral range. This methodology is used to explore the design space and find the optimal solutions that maximize the instrument efficiency and minimize the phase error on the focal plane. Five designs are described with different requirements and performance. Finally, analysis and calibration techniques are developed to study the properties of the superconducting materials employed in the transmission lines and detectors. These techniques are applied to laboratory data of molybdenum nitride and niobium to extract their quality factors and kinetic inductance fraction within a 1% accuracy.
Author: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 792
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