Teaching a Child with Autism to Imitate in Natural Contexts Using Video Modeling PDF Download
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Imitation is a core deficit often observed in children diagnosed with autism. Video modeling has been shown to be effective for teaching children with autism a variety of skills, but there is little research demonstrating the effectiveness of this technique with core skills such as imitation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a video modeling intervention to teach a preschool-age child with autism to imitate novel and acquired actions (with and without objects) in natural contexts (i.e., songs and toy play activities). A general case approach was used to examine the instructional universe of common preschool songs in order to select the exemplars that were most likely to facilitate generalization. In addition to video modeling, additive components that included highlighting the critical features of the video examples and prompting/fading were required to demonstrate a functional relationship. Experimental control was evident in a multiple baseline design across three imitation activities. The results are discussed with reference to previous research, future research directions, and implications for practice in educational settings.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Imitation is a core deficit often observed in children diagnosed with autism. Video modeling has been shown to be effective for teaching children with autism a variety of skills, but there is little research demonstrating the effectiveness of this technique with core skills such as imitation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a video modeling intervention to teach a preschool-age child with autism to imitate novel and acquired actions (with and without objects) in natural contexts (i.e., songs and toy play activities). A general case approach was used to examine the instructional universe of common preschool songs in order to select the exemplars that were most likely to facilitate generalization. In addition to video modeling, additive components that included highlighting the critical features of the video examples and prompting/fading were required to demonstrate a functional relationship. Experimental control was evident in a multiple baseline design across three imitation activities. The results are discussed with reference to previous research, future research directions, and implications for practice in educational settings.
Author: Sofia F. Peters
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Autistic children
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
Imitation is a critical skill that allows individuals to learn through less restrictive prompting methods and may allow access to less restrictive learning environments, such as typical classrooms, where instruction is often delivered by modeling. Many individuals with autism learn to imitate with interventions that utilize live models and least-to-most prompting strategies; but, for some, these methods are not successful or efficient. While video modeling has been used to teach a variety of skills to individuals with autism, there is limited research using video modeling to teach imitation. This study investigated the effectiveness of using a video modeling treatment package to teach imitation to four children with autism who had been unsuccessful with other teaching methods. A multiple-baseline design across behaviors was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a video modeling treatment package to teach imitation. Baseline consisted of treatment-as-usual, which used live models and least-to-most prompting. The video modeling treatment package consisted of video models and most-to-least prompting faded within session. Of the four children, one acquired imitation with the original video modeling treatment package. Two of the children acquired imitation only after modifying the prompting method of the video modeling treatment package to flexible prompt fading. One child did not acquire imitation during his participation in the study.
Author: Nicolette Sammarco Caldwell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Imitation plays a fundamental role in early childhood development. It is through imitation that children begin to communicate and interact with others and the environment. Unlike their typical peers, children with ASD often do not develop imitation skills in a similar progression without being specifically taught. Many children with ASD have a delay or deficit in imitation ability. A deficit in imitation in children with ASD can negatively affect later communication development and may impair access to observational learning opportunities. Imitation ability is strongly positively associated with play skills, joint attention, and negatively associated with autism symptomatology. Given the positive relationship imitation has with social communication, language ability, and play, it is crucial to focus intervention on teaching and increasing imitation. Successful interventions targeting motor imitation have used a variety of strategies including prompting, reinforcement, visual cues, video modeling, peer modeling, and contingent imitation. Most strategies can be classified as either a traditional behavior intervention (TBI) or a naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention (NDBI). TBIs are based strictly on the principles of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and often use components of Discrete Trial Training (DTT) to teach imitation. NDBIs are behavioral in nature, meaning that behavior analytic strategies such as shaping are incorporated, but these interventions take place in natural settings, leverage natural reinforcers, and are informed by typical developmental sequences and developmentally appropriate practice. While TBIs and NDBIs have each successfully been used to teach immediate motor imitation to children with ASD within the intervention context, the goal of intervention for intervention is to increase imitation that can be exhibited spontaneously, without specific instructions or prompts. Although research supports the use of each type of intervention in teaching motor imitation, research directly comparing each intervention’s effects on generalized imitation that occurs outside of the intervention context is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine and compare the effects of a TBI and a NDBI on generalized imitation in young children with ASD. A randomized controlled trial was used to compare the effects of these two separate interventions in 12 children
Author: Justin B. Leaf
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319629956
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 439
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Book Description
This handbook identifies the various social deficiencies widely associated with children and youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It discusses possible causes as well as the lifelong effects if these deficiencies are not addressed. The handbook presents current behavioral and curriculum-based methods for assessing social deficits. Chapters examine the various interventions that have been used to improve social skills and behavior, including video modeling, peer-mediated interventions, and script fading. Chapters also assess various interventions using empirically based procedures, evaluate the research of each of these procedures, provide guidelines for treatment planning, and offer clinical recommendations. The handbook concludes with future directions for the development of both social behavior and clinical social skills interventions. Topics featured in the Handbook include: Impairments in social behavior that may result in negative outcomes such as depression, loneliness, and suicide in individuals with ASD. Bullying among youth with ASD. Behavioral skills training to promote social behavior of individuals with ASD. The Early Start Denver Model approach to helping young children with ASD. The implementation of social skills groups for individuals diagnosed with ASD. The Handbook of Social Skills and Autism Spectrum Disorder is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians/professionals, and graduate students in clinical child, school, and developmental psychology, behavioral therapy, and social work, as well as such interrelated disciplines as child and adolescent psychiatry, rehabilitation medicine/therapy, pediatrics, and special education/educational psychology.
Author: Andrea M. Beetz
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889455599
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Children and companion animals seem to have a natural affinity towards each other. Most children desire a relationship with their own companion animals or at least demonstrate an interest to interact with animals in general. Living with companion animals or interacting with animals may have psychosocial, neurobiological, or medically relevant effects on typically developing children and juveniles as well as those with diverse and special needs. In this eBook, we present several articles addressing the relationships between children/juveniles and animals in different countries, including Austria, Germany, Jamaica, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. Three articles discuss approaches in animal-assisted education, including animal keeping and animal assisted interventions in schools, and an experimental study investigating immediate effects of dogs on reading competence and accompanying stress reactions with cortisol and behavior. Other articles address topics involving children and their companion animals, including dog-walking by children and juveniles, risks of dog bites by the family dog, selection of pet dogs for families with a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the relationships that children with ASD have with their family cats. The interactions between children/juveniles and animals addressed in this eBook provide new insights into some scarcely investigated themes, and underline the significance of animals in children's lives.
Author: Brenna Noland
Publisher: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN: 085700638X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Video modeling takes visual learning to the next level by using new technologies to create an effective teaching tool. This book explains how professionals and parents can use innovative video modeling techniques to support the development of young children with autism spectrum disorders in school, home or community settings. Offering practical step-by-step guidance, the book shows how to film and edit personalized videos that highlight the exact skill that is being taught. Whether the focus is increasing attention, peer interaction, getting dressed or creative play, these videos are easy to incorporate into daily routines. They allow the child to learn new skills quickly and with less hands-on adult support leading to greater independence. Three video modeling strategies are presented – Basic Video Modeling, Video Self-Modeling and Point-of-view Video Modeling – along with all the information needed for readers to start using the techniques for themselves. The research behind the approach is also discussed and each chapter includes detailed case studies that demonstrate the techniques in action.
Author: Julie A. Kientz
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1608456412
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 179
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Book Description
Development, deployment, and evaluation of interactive technologies for individuals with autism have been rapidly increasing over the last decade. There is great promise for the use of these types of technologies to enrich interventions, facilitate communication, and support data collection. Emerging technologies in this area also have the potential to enhance assessment and diagnosis of individuals with autism, to understand the nature of autism, and to help researchers conduct basic and applied research. This book provides an in-depth review of the historical and state-of-the-art use of technology by and for individuals with autism. The intention is to give readers a comprehensive background in order to understand what has been done and what promises and challenges lie ahead. By providing a classification scheme and general review, this book can also help technology designers and researchers better understand what technologies have been successful, what problems remain open, and where innovations can further address challenges and opportunities for individuals with autism and the variety of stakeholders connected to them.
Author: Lynn E. McClannahan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781890627324
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Book Description
Scripting is a teaching method designed to help children and adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), who are nonverbal or who are verbal but dont initiate conversation, to initiate conversation. The authors draw on years of experience using scripts in their own clinic, and include many case studies that show how scripts have worked. The book defines scripts as an audiotape or written word, phrase, or sentence that enables young people with autism to use speech to start and continue conversations. At first a child is taught to play the recording of a word for an adult, and then get a reaction from the adult. (e.g., if he plays the script juice, the adult will give him a sip of juice or if he plays the script ball, the adult will play ball with him). Later on, the child is taught to play the script and then say the word himself (and get the reward from the adult). As the child becomes better at talking, scripts are lengthened to become phrases --want juice or play ball --- and then sentences. And once the child can read, scripts are written instead of recorded. As the child masters sets of scripts, the adult begins to diminish (fade) the prompts. If the script was recorded, words are gradually deleted from the recording. (e.g., if the script started out saying, Where is mom? they will re-record it so it just says Where is and then Where ---? At this point, the child should fill in the blanks.
Author: James K. Luiselli
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195317041
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 519
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Book Description
Children who have autism require comprehensive educational and treatment services. There are a myriad of approaches currently recommended to practitioners and parents, but little is known about their efficacy. Which are the most effective in teaching skills, overcoming behavior challenges, and improving quality of life? Methods must be based in research settings, but be easily extended to real world settings where children with autism live, go to school, socialize, and recreate. Identifying and validating effective practices is a complex and multi-faceted process, but an essential one for responsible research and practice. This book brings together multiple and contemporary perspectives on intervention effectiveness for autism education and behavior support. With contributors from a variety of disciplines and orientations, Effective Practices for Children with Autism presents a critical appraisal of current practice standards, emphasizing empirically supported procedures and research-to-practice applications. By bringing together a diverse group of authors, the editors have ensured that the vast field of information on interventions for children with autism is thoroughly examined, and that no topic has gone untouched. Written for practitioners, research scientists, and clinicians, the book is an essential framework for evaluating educational and treatment procedures, selecting those that are most effective, and evaluating outcomes.
Author: Barbara Ann Rhinehart
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Audio-visual education
Languages : en
Pages : 53
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Book Description
Numerous studies have shown that video modeling (VM) interventions can improve various skills of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). VM is a technique that involves participants watching a video of a peer model demonstrating a desired behavior and then imitating the same behavior. The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of a VM intervention on social skills, defined as appropriate greeting tasks, of three elementary school-aged students with ASD. This study expands previous research on VM by measuring social skills using a social story as primer. A multiple baseline across participants design was used to determine if the students would imitate the greeting behavior after watching a video of a same-age peer reading the embedded social story and then demonstrating the greeting. A visual analysis of graphed data, effect size, and goal attainment scale for each student revealed that two out of three students improved significantly, while the third student exhibited no improvement.
