Taxonomy, Nomenclature, and Variation Within the Pinus Flexilis Complex PDF Download
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Author: R. J. Steinhoff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pine
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Author: R. J. Steinhoff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pine
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Author: United States. Forest Service
Publisher: Forest Service
ISBN:
Category : Gardening
Languages : en
Pages : 1240
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1240
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Author: W.T. Adams
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401128154
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 423
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Book Description
Tropical climates, which occur between 23°30'N and S latitude (Jacob 1988), encompass a wide variety of plant communities (Hartshorn 1983, 1988), many of which are diverse in their woody floras. Within this geographic region, temperature and the amount and seasonality of rainfall define habitat types (UNESCO 1978). The F AO has estimated that there 1 are about 19 million km of potentially forested area in the global tropics, of which 58% were estimated to still be in closed forest in the mid-1970s (Sommers 1976; UNESCO 1978). Of this potentially forested region, 42% is categorized as dry forest lifezone, 33% is tropical moist forest, and 25% is wet or rain forest (Lugo 1988). The species diversity of these tropical habitats is very high. Raven (1976, in Mooney 1988) estimated that 65% of the 250,000 or more plant species of the earth are found in tropical regions. Of this floristic assemblage, a large fraction are woody species. In the well-collected tropical moist forest of Barro Colorado Island, Panama, 39. 7% (481 of 1212 species) of the native phanerogams are woody, arborescent species (Croat 1978). Another 21. 9% are woody vines and lianas. Southeast Asian Dipterocarp forests may contain 120-200 species of trees per hectare (Whitmore 1984), and recent surveys in upper Amazonia re corded from 89 to 283 woody species ~ 10 cm dbh per hectare (Gentry 1988). Tropical communities thus represent a global woody flora of significant scope.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 1760
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Author: William Burke Critchfield
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Botany
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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The scope of this publication is limited to mappable information about where pines grow naturally at present. We have not tried to relate present distribution to the fossil record, nor have we tried to indicate the ecological and historical factors controlling species distribution. The elevations at which pines grow are mentioned only in the most general terms; this aspect of distribution is intimately related to latitude, topography, and other features of the local environment.
Author: Institute of Paper Chemistry (Appleton, Wis.). Library
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Paper
Languages : en
Pages : 888
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Author: Nicholas Tiho Mirov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 624
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Preface: Working for many years with pines, I have been asked many questions I could not answer. Often I have thought how useful it would be for bothe the curious layman and the busy scholar to have assembled together as much information as possible on pines. Being a biologist, I am primarily interested in the biology of pines-their origin and development, their chemical composition, and their physiological processes. These considerations have naturally led me to the past and present distribution of pines. Difficulties of presenting these aspects of the subject are many The literature on pines is enormous; it is scattered through scientific, trade, and popular journals. What should be included and what omitted were not easy decisions. For instance, chemical components of pine and wood are considered; but physical properties of pine lumber are not, although there is a wealth of published information in that field. Keeping in mind the traditional remoteness of chemistry from plant taxonomy, I have perhaps oversimplified, in a conciliatory mood, the presentation of the chemical aspects of pines. On the other hand, I have attempted to make the presentation of taxonomy palatable to chemists, who are not always concerned with the ways and rules of classifying plants and are apt either to disregard accepted nomenclature entirely or to accept it in an amazingly uncritical manner. Our knowledge of the genus Pinus is rather uneven. Certain groups of chemical substances (polyphenols, terpenes) have been studies extensively; others, such as fats, are still known only sporadically. Alkaloids have been discovered in some pines only recently. Some physiological processes, such as mineral nutrition, have been investigated more thoroughly than others, for example, transpiration. Such unevenness will be noticed throughout the book. I have attempted to give ansers to many questions about pines; many have remained unanswered, and new ones have arisen. I have even attempted to offer some gerealizations and speculations, hoping that their presentation would not be condemned as heresy but, rather, would be accepted as a stimulus to more research along controversial lines. I have always been encouraged by Darwin's remark, in one of his letters to Wallace, that without speculation there would be no progress. N.T. Mirov--Berkeley, California, January, 1967.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 1366
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