Author: Siyuan Qi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 157
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Book Description
Scene understanding and event understanding of humans correspond to the spatial and temporal aspects of computer vision. Such abilities serve as a foundation for humans to learn and perform tasks in the world we live in, thus motivating a task-oriented representation for machines to interpret observations of this world. Toward the goal of task-oriented scene understanding, I begin this thesis by presenting a human-centric scene synthesis algorithm. Realistic synthesis of indoor scenes is more complicated than neatly aligning objects; the scene needs to be functionally plausible, which requires the machine to understand the tasks that could be performed in the scene. Instead of directly modeling the object-object relationships, the algorithm learns the human-object relations and generate scene configurations by imagining the hidden human factors in the scene. I analyze the realisticity of the synthesized scenes, as well as its usefulness for various computer vision tasks. This framework is useful for backward inference of 3D scenes structures from images in an analysis-by-synthesis fashion; it is also useful for generating data to train various algorithms. Moving forward, I introduce a task-oriented event understanding framework for event parsing, event prediction, and task planning. In the computer vision literature, event understanding usually refers to action recognition from videos, i.e., "what is the action of the person". Task-oriented event understanding goes beyond this definition to find out the underlying driving forces of other agents. It answers questions such as intention recognition ("what is the person trying to achieve"), and intention prediction ("how the person is going to achieve the goal"), from a planning perspective. The core of this framework lies in the temporal representation for tasks that is appropriate for humans, robots, and the transfer between these two. In particular, inspired by natural language modeling, I represent the tasks by stochastic context-free grammars, which are natural choices to capture the semantics of tasks, but traditional grammar parsers (e.g., Earley parser) only take symbolic sentences as inputs. To overcome this drawback, I generalize the Earley parser to parse sequence data which is neither segmented nor labeled. This generalized Earley parser integrates a grammar parser with a classifier to find the optimal segmentation and labels. It can be used for event parsing, future predictions, as well as incorporating top-down task planning with bottom-up sensor inputs.
Author: Jane Willis
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0194342697
Category : Study Aids
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
Task-based teaching has created enormous interest among teachers in recent years. But how does the idea of designing tasks (e.g. discussions, problems, games) that encourage learners to use real language work in practice? This book explains the basic principles behind task-based learning and teaching and gives practical examples of how to make it work in different teaching situations.
Author: Markus Vincze
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3540927816
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Weareverypleasedtopresenttheproceedingsofthe4thInternationalCognitive Vision Workshop,held as part of the 6th InternationalConference on Computer Vision Systems on Santorini,Greeceduring May12–15,2008.The aim of ICVW 2008 was to document the progress of the relatively young ?eld of cognitive computer vision, bringing together researchers working and interested in this ?eld and giving them a platform to discuss the results of the di?erent European cognitive vision projects as well as international projects in this area. Original research papers were solicited in all aspects of cognitive vision, targeting the following areas in particular: – Memory: The coupling between visual perception, tasks, knowledge and the visualsystemrequiresmemory.Issuesthatareofspecialimportanceforin- grating memory into vision systems include: how to manage representations with limited resources;modelfor attention;integrationofinformationacross representations and time. – Learning and Adaptation: A system whose goal is that of interacting with the real world must be capable of learning from experience and adapting to unexpected changes. Also, there is a need for integration of multiple - sual features to enable generation of stable hypotheses, and for methods for combination of cues in the presence of uncertainty. – Categorization: Research has in particular focused on recall of speci?c - ject instances, events and actions. Whereas recently some progress has been achieved in systems that allow limited recognition of object classes, events and scenes across visual appearance, new methods are needed to enable abstractions and e?ective categorization across variations in color, surface markings, geometry, temporal scenes, context and tasks.
Author: Sebastian Loth
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889198456
Category : Human-robot interaction
Languages : en
Pages : 143
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Book Description
Powerful and economic sensors such as high definition cameras and corresponding recognition software have become readily available, e.g. for face and motion recognition. However, designing user interfaces for robots, phones and computers that facilitate a seamless, intuitive, and apparently effortless communication as between humans is still highly challenging. This has shifted the focus from developing ever faster and higher resolution sensors to interpreting available sensor data for understanding social signals and recognising users' intentions. Psychologists, Ethnologists, Linguists and Sociologists have investigated social behaviour in human-human interaction. But their findings are rarely applied in the human-robot interaction domain. Instead, robot designers tend to rely on either proof-of-concept or machine learning based methods. In proving the concept, developers effectively demonstrate that users are able to adapt to robots deployed in the public space. Typically, an initial period of collecting human-robot interaction data is used for identifying frequently occurring problems. These are then addressed by adjusting the interaction policies on the basis of the collected data. However, the updated policies are strongly biased by the initial design of the robot and might not reflect natural, spontaneous user behaviour. In the machine learning approach, learning algorithms are used for finding a mapping between the sensor data space and a hypothesised or estimated set of intentions. However, this brute-force approach ignores the possibility that some signals or modalities are superfluous or even disruptive in intention recognition. Furthermore, this method is very sensitive to peculiarities of the training data. In sum, both methods cannot reliably support natural interaction as they crucially depend on an accurate model of human intention recognition. Therefore, approaches to social robotics from engineers and computer scientists urgently have to be informed by studies of intention recognition in natural human-human communication. Combining the investigation of natural human behaviour and the design of computer and robot interfaces can significantly improve the usability of modern technology. For example, robots will be easier to use by a broad public if they can interpret the social signals that users spontaneously produce for conveying their intentions anyway. By correctly identifying and even anticipating the user's intention, the user will perceive that the system truly understands her/his needs. Vice versa, if a robot produces socially appropriate signals, it will be easier for its users to understand the robot's intentions. Furthermore, studying natural behaviour as a basis for controlling robots and other devices results in greater robustness, responsiveness and approachability. Thus, we welcome submissions that (a) investigate how relevant social signals can be identified in human behaviour, (b) investigate the meaning of social signals in a specific context or task, (c) identify the minimal set of intentions for describing a context or task, (d) demonstrate how insights from the analysis of social behaviour can improve a robot's capabilities, or (e) demonstrate how a robot can make itself more understandable to the user by producing more human-like social signals.
Author: C. H. Chen
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9789810222765
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1000
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Book Description
"The book provides an up-to-date and authoritative treatment of pattern recognition and computer vision, with chapters written by leaders in the field. On the basic methods in pattern recognition and computer vision, topics range from statistical pattern recognition to array grammars to projective geometry to skeletonization, and shape and texture measures."--BOOK JACKET.
Author: Paul van den Broek
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135449821
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Book Description
This book is about building metaphorical bridges--all sorts of bridges. At the most basic level, it concerns the bridges that individuals build to understand the events that they experience--the bridges that connect the events in the mind's eye. At another level, it is about bridges that interconnect findings and theoretical frameworks concerning event comprehension and representation in different age groups, ranging from infancy to adulthood. Finally, it is about building bridges between researchers who share interests, yet may not ordinarily even be aware of each other's work. The success of the book will be measured in terms of the extent to which the contributors have been able to create a picture of the course of development across a wide span in chronological age, and across different types of events, from the fictional to the actual. The individuals whose work is represented in this book conduct their work in a shared environment--they all have an intellectual and scholarly interest in event comprehension and representation. These interests are manifest in the overlapping themes of their work. These include a focus on how people come to temporally integrate individual "snapshots" to form a coherent event that unfolds over time, to understand cause and effect, and to appreciate the role of the goal of events. Another overlapping theme involves the possibility of individual differences. These themes are apparent in work on the early development of representations of specific episodes and autobiographical memories, and comprehension of complex events such as stories involving multiple characters and emotions. The editors of this volume had two missions: * to create a development span by bringing together researchers working from infancy to adulthood, and * to create a bridge between individuals working from within the text comprehension perspective, within the naturalistic perspective, and with laboratory analogues to the naturalistic perspective. Their measure of success will be the extent to which they have been able to create a picture of the course of development across a wide span in chronological age, and across different types of events--from fictional to actual.
Author: Pia Knoeferle
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN: 9027267480
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
Visually Situated Language Comprehension has been compiled as a state-of the-art introduction to real-time language processing in visually-situated contexts. It covers the history of this emergent field, explains key methodological developments and discusses the insights these methods have enabled into how language processing interacts with our knowledge and perception of the immediate environment. Scientists interested in how language users integrate what they know with their perception of objects and events will find the book a rewarding read. The book further covers lexical, sentence, and discourse level processes, as well as active visual context effects in both non-interactive and interactive tasks and thus present a well-balanced view of the field. It is aimed at experienced researchers and students alike in the hopes of attracting new talent to the field. Thanks to its in-depth methodological introduction and broad coverage it constitutes an excellent course book.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Twelve papers from the June 1995 workshop, held in Cambridge, Mass. Topics include: context-based exploitation of aerial imagery, functional context in vision, and knowledge-based recognition of hand gestures. No index. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.
Author: Mick Hurbis-Cherrier
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1136067655
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 591
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Book Description
Voice & Vision is a comprehensive manual for the independent filmmakers and film students who want a solid grounding in the tools, techniques, and processes of narrative film in order to achieve their artistic vision. This book includes essential and detailed information on relevant film and digital video tools, a thorough overview of the filmmaking stages, and the aesthetic considerations for telling a visual story. The ultimate goal of this book is to help you develop your creative voice while acquiring the solid practical skills and confidence to use it. Unlike many books that privilege raw technical information or the line-producing aspects of production, Voice & Vision places creativity, visual expression, and cinematic ideas front and center. After all, every practical decision a filmmaker makes, like choosing a location, an actor, a film stock, a focal length, a lighting set-up, an edit point, or a sound effect is also an expressive one and should serve the filmmaker's vision. Every decision, from the largest conceptual choices to the smallest practical solutions, has a profound impact on what appears on the screen and how it moves an audience. "In Practice" sidebars throughout connect conceptual, aesthetic and technical issues to their application in the real world. Some provide a brief analysis of a scene or technique from easily rentable films which illustrate how a specific technology or process is used to support a conceptual, narrative, or aesthetic choice. Others recount common production challenges encountered on real student and professional shoots which will inspire you to be innovative and resourceful when you are solving your own filmmaking challenges.
Author: Fuchun Sun
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9819708850
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Book Description
