Synthesis, Characterization and Reactions of Zirconia-Based Solid Acids PDF Download
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Author: Meghshyam Keshvarao Patil
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783848430178
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Solid acids and superacids are the topics of everlasting interest due to numerous applications in many areas of the chemical industry. The present understanding of acid induced or catalyzed reactions cover an extremely broad field, ranging from large-scale industrial processes in hydrocarbon chemistry to enzyme-controlled reactions in the living cell. Among solid acid catalysts, the sulfated zirconia (SZ) has been received lot of interest which was first prepared and explored as a hydrocarbon isomerization catalyst in 1962. This book which is based on a comprehensive research study gives a detail information regarding synthesis of zirconia based solid acid catalysts, their characterization and applications particularly in organic synthesis and transformation reactions; and Cu(I)-Zeolite as a green catalyst for synthesis of propargylamines. This book is essential for researcher working in the field of catalysis.
Author: Meghshyam Keshvarao Patil
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783848430178
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 188
Get Book Here
Book Description
Solid acids and superacids are the topics of everlasting interest due to numerous applications in many areas of the chemical industry. The present understanding of acid induced or catalyzed reactions cover an extremely broad field, ranging from large-scale industrial processes in hydrocarbon chemistry to enzyme-controlled reactions in the living cell. Among solid acid catalysts, the sulfated zirconia (SZ) has been received lot of interest which was first prepared and explored as a hydrocarbon isomerization catalyst in 1962. This book which is based on a comprehensive research study gives a detail information regarding synthesis of zirconia based solid acid catalysts, their characterization and applications particularly in organic synthesis and transformation reactions; and Cu(I)-Zeolite as a green catalyst for synthesis of propargylamines. This book is essential for researcher working in the field of catalysis.
Author: Yue Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781361310243
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This dissertation, "Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia Based Solid Acid Catalysts for Biodiesel Production" by Yue, Zhang, 张悦, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Biodiesel is a promising renewable alternative fuel to fossil energy. For the biodiesel production from low-cost feedstock, a pretreatment step is essential, which is the esterification of free fatty acids (e.g. oleic acid) in the feedstock in order to avoid soap formation and minimize catalyst deactivation. Sulfuric acid modified zirconia (H2SO4-ZrO2) is known as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for esterification. However, due to rapid 〖SO〗_4 DEGREES(2-) leaching, its reusability is low and its practical use is thus largely hindered. Zirconia supported on silica (ZrO2-SiO2) serves as a kind of non-sulfated zirconia catalyst against the leaching of the active species. Moreover, the silica support offers a large surface area and excellent thermal stability, which can accommodate a number of active zirconia species. Furthermore, there are Zr-O-Si bondings at the contact area between ZrO2 and SiO2, which might result in the formation of a new strong acid species and induce an increase of the zirconia acidity accordingly. Herein, two types of ZrO2-SiO2 catalysts were prepared, by using the reverse microemulsion method and sol-gel-hydrothermal method, denoted as ZrO2-SiO2-ME and ZrO2-SiO2-SG, respectively. The as synthesized ZrO2-SiO2 were characterized by TEM, SEM, EDX, XRD, BET and IR. ZrO2-SiO2-ME demonstrated a good dispersion of ZrO2 nanoparticles, encapsulating in the monodispersed SiO2 host matrix, while ZrO2-SiO2-SG possessed the SiO2 support with a mesoporous structure, with an average pore size of 7 nm and a surface area of 418 m2/g. The catalysts both exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stable performance in the esterification of oleic acid. Besides non-sulfated zirconia, sulfated zirconia catalysts other than traditional H2SO4-ZrO2 were also developed as solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production. Two sulfur-containing strong acids, chlorosulfonic acid (HClSO3) and (NH4)2SO4, were employed to acidify ZrO2, and two sulfated zirconia catalysts were prepared accordingly, namely HClSO3-ZrO2 and S-ZrO2. They were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, BET, IR, TGA and NH3-TPD. Comparing with H2SO4-ZrO2, HClSO3-ZrO2 and S-ZrO2 contained higher sulfur content and more acid sites. More importantly, both HClSO3-ZrO2 and S-ZrO2 demonstrated high catalytic activity and excellent durability in the esterification of oleic acid. It is known that consecutive esterification and transesterification reactions are suitable for direct biodiesel production and acetylation of glycerol enables the conversion of this biodiesel byproduct to a biofuel additive. Therefore, all the above mentioned catalysts were examined to compare their catalytic abilities in these reactions. Among the four catalysts, HClSO3-ZrO2 exhibited the highest catalytic activity in both reactions under optimal conditions. The thesis work here described the preparation and characterization of four types of ZrO2-based solid acid catalysts. Their catalytic activities were thoroughly investigated upon the several essential steps in biodiesel production. In addition, the synthesis condition-activity relation was studied and the synthesis and reaction conditions were delicately tuned. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4985882 Subjects: Catalysts - Synthesis Zirconium oxide Biodiesel fuels
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Clearfield
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351090461
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 391
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Book Description
This book extends the frontiers of the ion exchange technologist and highlights new materials for the future.
Author: Hideshi Hattori
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9814463299
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 511
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Book Description
Solids that possess acidic properties on their surfaces function as catalysts just like liquid acids, such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. By using solid acid catalysts, chemical processes become more productive and more environmentally friendly. In fact, solid acids are being used in many industrial chemical processes from the largest chem
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Author: Kazushi Arata
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781612096490
Category : Superacids
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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An acid that is stronger than the acid strength of 100% sulphuric acid is known as a superacid. Environmental concerns about the use of toxic liquid superacids and liquid inorganic acids in the transformation of hydrocarbons provide an impetus for a search of stable and more environmentally friendly solid acid catalysts. This book examines an important opportunity related to green chemistry where solid superacids lead to new gas- and liquid-solid phase reactions, which are environmentally benign processes in the chemical industry.
Author: Michael Sha-Nang Wong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
Author: Dr T. E Mohan Kumar
Publisher: Krishna Publication House
ISBN: 9390627389
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Genevieve P. D. Serrette
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 430
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Book Description
